缓/控释氮肥对晚收夏玉米产量及氮肥效率的影响

采用田间试验研究缓/控释氮肥对晚收夏玉米产量、氮素吸收积累和氮肥效率的影响.结果表明,夏玉米施用缓/控释氮肥较习惯施氮籽粒产量在习惯收获和晚收条件下分别增加2.90%和4.88%,蛋白产量分别增加7.07%和4.41%,氮素积累量分别增加5.51%和4.18%;氮肥利用率提高3.78%和2.95%,氮肥农学效率提高0....     

化肥配施不同有机肥对土壤养分释放及烤烟养分吸收的影响

为了解化肥配施不同有机肥在不同生态条件下对植烟土壤养分释放及烤烟养分吸收的影响,于2008年在广西靖西县和南丹县烟区进行了化肥配施花生麸、猪厩肥、糖厂滤泥堆肥和稻草堆肥等有机肥的田间试验。结果表明:与纯化肥或当地推荐施肥相比,化肥配施有机肥处理的烤烟产量和上等烟比例在靖西县分别提高4.6%~15.5%和92.3%~106.7%,南丹县提高0.06%~32.4%和65.7%~97.8%;两县烤烟上、中部叶片的全钾、总氮、总糖、还原糖含量提高,烟碱下降,氮/碱比更接近0.8~0.9,糖碱比更接近10。不同的化肥配施有机肥处理间,烤烟产量及优质烟比例差异不显著;化肥配施有机肥在烤烟移栽后65 d内氮素释放较慢,但肥效较长,显著提高烤烟生长期土壤速效磷、钾供应能力,烟株养分吸收能力增强,后期烤烟叶片的全氮和全磷含量提高8.6%~61.5%和2.9%~34.3%。各处理中以化肥配施40%花生麸处理的烤烟产量、质量最佳,土壤养分指标与烤烟叶片养分指标含量最高,是烟田土壤较优的有机肥配施模式。相关分析表明,土壤速效养分与烟叶养分、烤烟大部分化学品质呈正相关,与烟碱呈负相关,表明化肥配施有机肥对土壤养分、烤烟养分吸收及烤烟品质的影响是一致的。     

低能日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡生产性能和养分利用率的影响

为了验证自产木聚糖酶的添加效果并确定其适应添加量,将180只健康且体质量接近的1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每重复5只。分别添加5个水平(0、500、1 000、1 500和2 000 U/kg)的自产木聚糖酶及1 000 U/kg的商品酶,研究其对肉仔鸡生产性能、养分利用率的影响,并比较自产酶与商品酶饲养效果。结果表明,与对照组比较,添加1 000 U/kg自产木聚糖酶可显著提高日增体质量、蛋白质利用率、能量利用率及粗纤维利用率(P<0.05),并显著降低平均日采食量和料肉比(P<0.05)。添加自产木聚糖酶1 000 U/kg与商品酶1 000 U/kg相比,日增体质量、采食量、料重比和蛋白质、能量及粗纤维利用率均没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。     

钾对水培大蒜蒜薹和鳞茎鲜质量及氮磷钾含量的影响

在设施水培条件下,以金乡白皮蒜为试材探讨了钾对水培大蒜蒜薹和鳞茎鲜质量及氮磷钾含量的影响。试验设置0、3.0、6.0、9.0和12.0 mmol/L 5个K+水平。结果表明,在营养液K+浓度0~9.0 mmol/L范围内,蒜薹粗度、蒜薹鲜质量、鳞茎横径、头型指数及单头鲜质量随营养液K+浓度的升高而增加,至K+浓度9.0 mmol/L时达最大,较不施钾处理分别提高80.01%、258.70%、66.16%、22.56%和258.70%;当营养液K+浓度为12.0 mmol/L时上述指标下降。营养液K+浓度9.0 mmol/L时蒜薹及鳞茎全钾含量最高,较不施钾处理分别提高483.50%和399.25%。不施钾处理蒜薹及鳞茎全氮全磷含量均高于各施钾处理,施钾处理间全氮全磷含量均以K+浓度9.0 mmol/L时较高。充足的钾可显著增加水培大蒜蒜薹及鳞茎鲜质量,增加大蒜全钾含量,并以营养液K+浓度9.0 mmol/L时上述指标表现最好。     

Accumulation of cadmium by flax and linseed cultivars in field-simulated conditions: A potential for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils

The possibility of use of two technological types of Linum usitatissimum L., namely flax (grown for fibre) and linseed (grown for seed), for phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd) from Cd-contaminated soil was studied. A four-year field-simulated experiment was carried out with 6 flax and 4 linseed cultivars in order to study organ accumulation of Cd by flax and linseed plants at artificial concentration range 10-1000 mg Cd kg⁻¹ soil. The most Cd was accumulated by roots, followed by shoots, while reproductive parts (capsules and seeds) played comparably smaller role. The increasing soil Cd concentration resulted in increasing Cd accumulation by roots, while transport to above-ground plant parts was progresivelly inhibited. Even high soil Cd concentrations (1000 mg Cd kg⁻¹ soil) had not dramatic negative effect on plant growth and development. Cultivar differences as well as the differences between both technological Linum types have been found in Cd accumulation (flax being better Cd accumulator than linseed). Nevertheless, the recorded variation between technological types and within cultivars is in multiples of Cd values (units of mg Cd kg⁻¹ DW), not in orders of magnitude as needed for practical phytoextraction. A significant year-to-year effect on plant growth/development resulting in high variation in Cd accumulation was observed. Flax cv. Jitka exhibited good transport of Cd from roots to above-ground parts, while flax cv. Merkur showed high retention of Cd in roots. Further, the contrasting cultivars in total Cd accumulation (high accumulating flax cv. Jitka versus low accumulating linseed cv. Jupiter) were selected for future experiments. The uptake of Cd by flax/ linseed from ha per season was calculated and the strategy for flax/linseed growing on heavy metal polluted soils with subsequent utilization of heavy metal-contaminated biomass is discussed.     

缺素桉树叶片图像特征提取研究

研究3种桉树无性系苗木在不同营养液中对砂培苗木3种叶片图像特征的影响.运用数字图像处理技术获得研究叶片的颜色特征、形态大小、形状等16个性状,利用主成分分析获得其叶片图像综合特征信息PC指标,并分析不同无性系、营养液、叶片类型对PC指标的影响.结果表明:不同因素水平均对其PC值产生显著差别,各因素主效应和交互效应均显著...     

不同树龄橡胶树枯落物养分归还比较

以橡胶无性系PR107为材料,在为期2a的观测期内,分别于不同月份研究了9个年龄段(4～28a)的橡胶树枯枝叶凋落量及其凋落物中N、P、K、Ca、Mg的含量,分析了不同季节枯枝叶分解及养分归还的特点及树龄对其的影响。结果表明:(1)枯叶平均养分含量为0.841%,是枯枝的1.69倍;生物量为2357.7(4a)～7392.3(24 a)kg/hm2,是枯枝的1.5～8.2倍;养分归还量为147.4～498.6 kg/hm2,是枯枝的6.8～37倍。以此推算,在橡胶林30a的经济寿命期内,枯叶的养分归还总量可达6.01t/hm2,枯枝的养分归还总量可达1.94t/hm2。其中5种大量元素归还总量分别为:N 3.17、P 0.14、K 1.13、Ca 3.04、Mg 0.48t/hm2。(2)随着树龄的增长,橡胶枯枝叶养分归还量逐渐增加,4a幼龄树养分归还量仅为151.4 kg/hm2.a,24a养分归还量即增大到最大值,为431.40kg/hm2.a。5种大量元素归还量大小顺序为N>Ca>K>Mg>P。(3)养分归还效率随树龄的增长而增加,4 a幼龄树养分归还率极低,仅1.32%,24a时增加到36.55%,然后下降。5种大量元素归还效率大小顺序为:Mg>Ca>N>K>P。     

24种热带禾本科植物的绿肥价值分析与评价

采集热区24种禾本科植物,对其N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S等17种矿质元素进行分析评价。结果表明:这24种禾本科植物的N、P、K含量中等,纤维化程度高,根据分级标准,一级绿肥占4.2%,二级绿肥占50.0%,三级绿肥占45.8%;中量元素Ca、Mg、S和微量元素丰富,重金属含量低,是安全的热带绿肥;其中狼尾草和早熟禾本科植物的P、K、Ca、S、Fe含量明显高于其它参试绿肥。     

配方施肥对香蕉生物量及养分积累的影响

为探究配方施肥对香蕉植株生物量、各器官养分积累量及养分积累规律,对巴西蕉施肥后,彻底刨根、分解取样研究,得出香蕉生物量及各元素含量。结果表明：配方肥处理各元素吸收大小规律为K＞Si＞N＞Ca＞Mn＞Mg＞P＞Fe＞Zn＞B＞Cu。与常规施肥相比,配方施肥可增加香蕉生物量约69.47%,平均每株可增加N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、B、Si约75.98%、63.71%、5.07%、49.39%、82.85%、26.60%、76.24%、44.49%、152.50%、162.22%、81.18%。配方施肥能有效促进植株生长,提高果实和叶片养分积累,为科学制定香蕉养分综合管理技术提供参考。     

Effects of dietary copper sources on growth,tissue copper accumulation and physiological responses of Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) (Cuvier, 1828) fed semipurified or practical diets

An 8‐week trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of a chelated copper (Cu) with the inorganic Cu (CuSO₄), in the diet of Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus). Six diets were prepared based on two basal diets (semi‐purified or practical) at two Cu inclusion levels (0 and 4 mg kg^?1 from or chelated‐Cu), accordingly named as S0, SI4, SM4, P0, PI4 and PM4 respectively. Each diet was fed to quadruplicate groups of Japanese sea bass (initial weight: 65.0 ± 0.03 g) during the trial. Fish fed practical diets had higher feed intake, specific growth rate, protein efficiency rate (PER), liver Cu accumulation, liver Na⁺K⁺‐ATPase and plasma alkaline phosphatase, but lower hepatosomatic index than the groups fed semi‐purified diets (P < 0.05). Higher PER was exhibited by fish fed chelated‐Cu diets than that of fish fed CuSO₄ diets (P < 0.05). Although liver Cu accumulation was significantly higher in fish fed practical diets,, liver Cu content increased significantly with increasing dietary copper levels only in fish fed semipurified diets. Chelated‐Cu has higher efficiency than CuSO₄ when fed in practical diets. Poor growth performance of fish fed semipurified diets might induce underestimating the nutrient requirement of Japanese sea bass.