氯酸钾对龙眼花芽分化期若干生理指标影响的研究

在石硖龙眼花芽分化时期,根部施用氯酸钾,观察和测定若干生理指标及枝梢抽花穗率、单株产量和果实败育率,结果表明：适量施用氯酸钾,1、提高了叶片中的叶绿素含量;2、净光合速率（Pn）在生理分化期低于对照,进入形态分化期则高于对照;3、可溶性糖、还原糖、可溶性蛋白质含量明显增加;4、内源乙烯的发生量远远高于对照,出现高峰的快慢因氯酸钾施用量而异,施用量大,则出现高峰快,反之则慢些;5、过氧化物酶（POD）活性低于对照,而高于喷洒乙烯利等常规促花措施;6、枝梢抽花穗率略有提高,果实败育率下降,单株产量明显提高。     

钾营养对玉米抗旱性的影响

本试验研究了钾营养对玉米抗旱性的影响，结果表明：高钾营养有助于改善玉米叶片的水分状况，提高玉米叶片的渗透调节及气孔调节能力，增加原生质耐旱性，对细胞膜也具有保护作用。     

钾肥在豫北潮土区夏玉米上的施用效果初报

通过田间试验研究了河南高产潮土区夏玉米施钾效果及适宜的施用量。结果表明,增施钾肥能明显降低穗位、增加株高﹑穗长、百粒重等增加玉米抗逆性、促进玉米产量构成性状,玉米产量随着施钾量的增加而提高,高钾处理增产幅度变缓,经济效益低。150kg/hm2的施钾量在高肥力潮土上较为适宜。     

耐低钾玉米自交系灌浆至成熟期生理特性研究

研究耐低钾玉米自交系灌浆至成熟期的生理特性,探讨其耐低钾的生理机制,为钾高效玉米育种提供理论依据.以多年筛选出的典型耐低钾玉米自交系90-21-3和典型不耐低钾玉米自交系D937为试材,在天然低钾土壤上进行田间试验,于灌浆至成熟期测定根系形态、叶片持绿性、各器官的钾素积累量、钾利用效率、产量及产量性状.与不耐低钾玉米自...     

硫酸钾对三类幼龄茶园土壤钾库及其平衡的影响

选取川、渝两地典型、具有代表性的砂岩黄壤、灰岩黄壤、酸性紫色土为供试土壤,进行了连续5年的试验.研究了钾肥(硫酸钾)对茶园土壤钾库及钾素平衡的影响,旨在为茶树合理施肥提供科学的依据.研究结果表明施用钾肥显著提高土壤钾库中的各类钾素,且土壤中各类钾素的变化因土壤类型而异,在3种土壤中,土壤钾库的增量均为灰岩黄壤＞砂岩黄壤＞酸性紫色土.在不施钾肥(CK)的情况下,茶树每年从土壤取走0.08g/kg土钾素,3种土壤的钾素流失量分别为0.18g/kg·土年(灰岩黄壤)、0.09 g/kg·土年(砂岩黄壤)、0.07 g/kg·土·年(酸性紫色土).推测幼龄茶园土壤的钾素流失量与之类似,施用K肥很有必要.     

转Bt基因抗虫棉施钾效应研究初报

试验于2002—2003年分别在安徽合肥及宿州就安徽省推广的主要抗虫棉品种，国抗1号、中棉所29及32B的施钾效应进行了研究。结果表明：（1）在每公顷施用尿素450kg、磷肥600kg条件下，Bt抗虫棉增施钾肥能明显提高其产量，皮棉产量增加2.3%~18.9%，品质也有所改善，以施用氯化钾375kg/hm2为宜。增产的主要原因是施钾提高了单株果枝数、单株结铃数、单铃重和衣分，优质铃率也明显提高；（2）在施钾量相同条件下，不同施钾方法对产量也有显著影响，以基施与追施比6:4的方式肥效更佳；（3）中棉所29施钾处理较对照增产12.7%，32B较对照增产11.2%，产量差异均极显著；中棉所29较32B增产6.7%，且差异显著，其主要生理原因是单株干物质积累多，尤其是中后期的干物质积累速率明显高于32B，显示出杂交抗虫棉具有明显的杂种优势。     

麦秸还田与实地氮肥管理对水稻氮磷钾吸收利用的影响

粳稻品种扬粳9538种植于大田, 进行了麦秸还田与不还田、实地氮肥管理(SSNM)和农民习惯施肥法(FFP)等处理。结果表明, 在相同氮肥管理条件下, 与秸秆未还田相比, 秸秆还田后植株中N含量及N、P、K积累量在生育前期较低, P、K含量在整个生育期均较高; 秸秆还田提高了氮肥利用效率, 增加了N、P、K的收获指数。在秸秆还田量相同条件下, 与FFP相比, SSNM降低了N、P的吸收量, 提高了抽穗至成熟N、P、K的转运率, 增加了N和P收获指数。表明秸秆还田和SSNM可以提高水稻N、P、K的吸收利用效率。     

耐低钾和钾高效型甘薯品种(系)的筛选及评价指标

甘薯植株生长和块根形成与钾营养吸收利用密切相关。本研究以31份不同类型优质甘薯品种(系)为材料, 利用长期肥料定位试验田2个钾肥水平处理(氮磷处理与氮磷钾处理), 探讨耐低钾与钾高效型甘薯材料的筛选及评价指标。结果表明, 该试验条件下, 不同甘薯品种(系)块根产量差异达显著水平(P<0.05); 供试材料的钾敏感指数变幅在0.40~0.98之间, 差异达显著水平(P<0.05), 经聚类分析, 可分为低敏感型、适度敏感型、敏感型和高度敏感型; 品种(系)两处理下钾累计量与钾浓度差异均达显著或极显著水平; 氮磷钾处理下, 块根钾利用效率与整株钾利用效率变幅分别为58.92~384.9 g g^–1和42.03~ 165.52 g g^–1, 品种(系)差异均达显著水平(P<0.05); 相关性分析显示, 不同甘薯材料间整株总钾累积量、钾浓度、产量性状指标、钾利用效率与钾敏感性间均有一定相关性。长期肥料定位试验田可用于不同钾营养效率甘薯品种(系)的筛选, 块根钾利用效率与钾敏感性可作为筛选耐低钾与钾高效利用型甘薯材料的2个主要指标。     

Long-term P and K fertilisation strategies and balances affect soil availability indices,crop yield depression risk and N use

The last century has seen a large increase of fertiliser use, along with a subsequent rise of crop productivity. However, in many places its intensive use has become a burden to the environment, and legislation has been introduced to restrict nutrient applications. In combination with changing production scenarios as a result of climate change, this means an improved understanding is needed of how low nutrient availability and climatic stress factors affect yields and yield stability.We examined the long-term effects mineral and organic fertilisation on a nutrient-depleted field, and observed large annual variations: depending on the year, average spring barley yields under unfertilised management (U) were between 17–75% lower than the reference N_½P_½K_½ (60–10–60 kg ha⁻¹). Yields increased up to 174% under N₁P₁K₁ (120–20–120 kg ha⁻¹), while animal manure applications at an N availability level corresponding to N₁ were between 79 and 137%. No temporal yield trends could be observed, but long-term changes of Olsen-P and exchangeable K were related to the nutrient balances (inputs-offtake) (r² = 0.60 and 0.59, respectively, P < 0.001).Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of the treatments in combination with annual weather variations. The results could be split into two outcomes, 1) a general relation between yields and temperatures for the periods of early spring (P < 0.01, multiple R² = 0.31) and summer (P < 0.001, multiple R² = 0.45), and 2) an interaction between temperature and nutrient applications during crop establishment, leading to a diverse response of relative yields (P < 0.001, multiple R² = 0.64), i.e. relative yield losses under the unfertilised treatment (U) were greater in years with lower spring temperatures, and, conversely, the increased nutrient availability in the fully mineral and organically fertilised treatments could partially alleviate the negative effects.After 13 years of repeated fertilisation, inputs were suspended for a single year and only N was applied to evaluate the residual effects. Yields were significantly affected by the different fertilisation histories (P < 0.001). Likewise, apparent nitrogen recovery tended to improve with previous inputs, but the observations were highly variable.Overall, the analyses agree with the notion that brief periods of stress at a critical stage may significantly affect yields, and confirmed that management of sufficient nutrient availability is critical for maintaining high and stable yields.     

大豆钾转运体基因GmKT12的克隆和信息学分析

以钾高效和钾敏感型大豆品系为试验材料,设置低钾胁迫试验,在8个时间段取样提取RNA,利用Real time-PCR检测GmKT12基因的表达量,结果显示GmKT12基因在不同品系地上部和地下部表达水平有显著差异,其原因来自GmKT12基因的氨基酸序列和蛋白质结构的变异。从2个品系中分别克隆目的基因并对基因序列进行同源性及生物信息学分析表明,与GmKT12基因相似性在30%以上的同源基因有56个,GmKT12在进化树中的位置与Glyma18g18822最近;GmKT12编码蛋白为可溶性跨膜蛋白,具有多个磷酸化位点,该基因与信号转导有关,对大豆获取及转运钾离子可能起着关键作用。