Activity of nitrate reductase and the content of proteins in Nicotiana rustica grown with various levels of molybdenum

The effect that different levels of molybdenum (11 μMand 111 μM) exert on nitrate reductase (E.C. 1.6.6.1–3) activity (NRA), and the content of total proteins in Nicotiana rustica was studied. Eleven μM and 111 μM of molybdenum increased the activity of nitrate reductase during the growth cycle of N. rustica. Likewise, total protein content (mg/g DW) was increased during the vegetative growth of the plants.     

Potato brown rot incidence and severity under different management and amendment regimes in different soil types

Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, the causative agent of potato brown rot (bacterial wilt), is an economically important disease in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. In view of previous reports on suppression of the disease by organic amendments, and the expansion of organic agriculture, it was timely to compare the effects of organic and conventional management and various amendments on brown rot development in different soils (type: sand or clay; origin: Egypt or the Netherlands). Brown rot infection was only slightly reduced in organically compared to conventionally managed sandy soils from Egypt, but organic management significantly increased disease incidence and pathogen survival in Dutch sandy and clay soils, which correlated with high DOC contents in the organic Dutch soils. There was no correlation between disease incidence or severity and bacterial diversity in the potato rhizosphere in differently managed soils (as determined by 16S DGGE). NPK fertilization reduced bacterial wilt in conventional Egyptian soils but not in Dutch soils. Cow manure amendment significantly reduced disease incidence in organic Dutch sandy soils, but did not affect the bacterial population. However, cow manure did reduce densities of R. solanacearum in Egyptian sandy soils, most probably by microbial competition as a clear shift in populations was detected with DGGE in these and Dutch sandy soils after manure amendment. Amendment with compost did not have a suppressive effect in any soil type. The absence of a disease suppressive effect of mineral and organic fertilization in Dutch clay soils may be related to the already high availability of inorganic and organic nutrients in these soils. This study shows that the mechanism of disease suppression of soil-borne plant pathogens may vary strongly according to the soil type, especially if quite different types of soil are used.     

单性结实与自花结实柑橘果实发育中钙钾动态的研究

 对单性结实的‘国庆1 号’温州蜜柑和自花结实的‘华农本地早’橘从开花前子房发育至果实成熟采收期整个子房或幼果及果实的不同部位(果皮和果肉) 的钙与钾含量变化进行了测定。结果表明:1) ‘国庆1 号’花前及花期子房钙含量较高, 花后趋降; 而其钾含量在花前及花期相对较低, 花后上升;2) ‘华农本地早’花前子房钙含量相对较低, 花后有一上升过程; 而对应钾在花前及花期就已很高, 花后下降; 3) 两品种果肉的钙含量自花后65 d 后均呈下降趋势, 而‘国庆1 号’果皮的钙含量在花后80 d 有一显著上升, 对应的‘华农本地早’在花后125 d 才急剧增加, 之后直至果实成熟二者均维持在较高水平;4) 两品种果皮、果肉的钾含量在果实发育过程中均呈类似的下降趋势。     

不同生长年限紫花苜蓿吸钾特征研究

2007年以播种当年、生长第2、3、4、6年紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)为试验对象,采用田间试验和实验室研究相结合的方法,对不同生长年限紫花苜蓿的吸钾特征进行研究,旨在为苜蓿钾素(K)养分管理提供理论依据.结果表明:紫花苜蓿地上部分K含量总体随着生长年限增加而降低,尤以第1茬最为明显;各生长年限苜蓿第4茬K含量明显低于前3茬;根系K含量随生长年限增加而升高,根系K积累量逐年增加;随着生长年限的延长,苜蓿地各土层土壤速效K和全K含量总体呈下降趋势,且降幅逐渐减小;在0~0cm土层内,不同生长年限紫花苜蓿地土壤速效K和全K含量均随土层深度增加呈先降后升的变化趋势,20~30cm土层K含量相对较低;苜蓿追施K肥应充分考虑第4茬苜蓿对K的需求和20~30cm土层K含量较低的特点.     

钾肥施用量对脐橙产量和品质的影响

１９９６～１９９９年连续４年在湖北省秭归县进行了脐橙钾肥施用量田间试验。结果表明，尽管各处理脐橙产量年度变化很大，但施钾显著提高产量和经济效益，１９９７～１９９９年施钾平均增产２６．３％～４１．８％，施钾（Ｋ２Ｏ）１２５、２５０、３７５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２年均增加纯利 １０１１０、１５８４０、９９７０元／ｈｍ２，产投比分别为 １９．３８、１５．４０和７．０４；在试验条件下施钾（Ｋ２Ｏ）２５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２增产效果最好；施钾有提高脐橙外观品质和内在品质的趋势，例如施钾提高或保持单果重、增加果皮厚度、提高维生素Ｃ含量等；但施钾对品质的影响年度间差异较大，尚需进一步研究。     

应用甜菜品质分析仪测定甜菜块根中钾含量

应用甜菜品质分析仪测定了甜菜块根中钾的含量,与经典的方法——火焰光度法比较,结果火焰光度计测值的转换值均高于甜菜品质分析仪的测值,二者相关性极显著(r=0.9996**)。添加回收率实验测得回收率在101.0%～104.2%之间,表明该方法具有较高的准确性。精密度试验结果表明:极差值在0.2～0.33μmol/g,小于一般化学分析中含量范围0.1%～10%,标准偏差在0.013%～0.062%范围内,表明本方法的精密度较好,满足一般分析方法的要求。甜菜品质分析仪测量准确、误差小,速度快且精度高。     

钾营养对菜薹（菜心）炭疽病发生和植株防御酶活性的影响

通过接种炭疽病菌,测定了不同钾营养水平下菜薹的抗病品种和感病品种的病情指数、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性。结果表明,不同钾营养水平处理的菜薹炭疽病发病程度均比对照轻,病情指数明显下降,钾营养处理明显增加了菜薹对炭疽病的抗性水平。随着钾营养处理水平的提高,抗病品种的PAL活性、PPO活性都呈上升趋势,而钾营养处理的POD活性则低于对照|感病品种的PAL活性、PPO活性、POD活性都呈先上升后下降趋势,酶活性在中K处理时达到最高。     

Role of potassium channels in the regulation of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in rats

AIM: To investigate the role of potassium channels in the regulation of intracellular free calcium concentration ( [Ca²⁺]_i) of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in rats. METHODS: The fluorescence Ca²⁺ indicator Fura-2/AM was used to observe [Ca²⁺]_i of rat PASMCs in normal and chronic hypoxic condition. The influences of potassium channels on PASMCs proliferation were assessed by MTT assay. RESULTS: 1. In normoxic condition, [Ca²⁺]_i was (156.91±8.60) nmol/L, and in hypoxic condition, [Ca²⁺]_i was (294.01±16.81) nmol/L. 2. In normoxic condition, the voltage-dependent K⁺-channel antagonist 4-aminopyridine (4AP), but not the Ca²⁺-activated K⁺-channel antagonist tetraethylammonium (TEA) and the ATP-sensitive K⁺-channel antagonist glibenclamide (Glib) increased [Ca²⁺]_i. 3. In hypoxic condition, 4AP and TEA caused the rise in [Ca²⁺]_i , but Glib had no effect on [Ca²⁺]_i. 4. MTT assay showed that 4AP increased the value of absorbing light degree (A value) in normoxic and hypoxic condition (0.582±0.062,0.873±0.043,respectively, P＜0.01), TEA increased A value only in hypoxic condition, and Glib had no effect on the proliferation of PASMCs. CONCLUSIONS: K_V plays an important role in the regulation of [Ca²⁺]_i and proliferation of PASMCs. K_Ca serves as distinct responsive roles in the regulation of proliferation of PASMCs in hypoxic condition. K_ATP has no effect on [Ca²⁺]_i and proliferation of PASMCs in normoxic and hypoxic conditions.     

钾肥施用量对甘蔗产质量的影响

通过田间试验,研究甘蔗不同施钾水平对甘蔗产量和品质的影响。结果表明,随着施钾量的增加（1）甘蔗茎径、单茎重有明显下降趋势,有效茎数则有明显上升趋势,甘蔗的茎长、产量无明显趋势。（2）提高了蔗汁蔗糖分、总糖、改正锤度、重力纯度,改善了甘蔗品质。     

氯化钾对热应激肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

本试验测定了氯化钾对热应激肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。试验应用２ｌ０只星布罗肉仔鸡，随机分成７组，每组３０只。氯化钾按０％、　０．０６％、０．１２％、０．１８％、０．２４％、０．３０％和０．３６％添加到饮水中，试验温度为３２±１℃，试验期为３５天。结果表明饮水中添加０．２４％、一０．３０％氯化钾能显著提高热应激条件下肉仔鸡的生产性能。