施用猪粪对土壤Zn形态和菜心Zn含量的影响

采用盆栽试验的方法,研究施用猪粪对土壤和菜心Zn含量的影响,以为蔬菜安全施用畜禽粪便提供依据.结果表明,土壤全Zn、有效态Zn和菜心Zn含量均随猪粪施用量和施用茬数的增加而提高,连续2茬施用猪粪达到40g/kg时,土壤全Zn含量和菜心Zn含量分别达到266.42和21.03mg/kg,超过国家土壤质量二级标准(pH≤6...     

塑料大棚条件下灌溉方法对土壤磷分布的影响

Water-saving irrigation methods have been increasingly used for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse or plastic film house.However,there is limited information concerning the effect of water-saving irrigation methods on soil phosphorus (P)behavior.In this experiment,drip and subsurface irrigation methods were applied,with furrow irrigation method as control,in Mollic Gleysols.Soil P distribution throughout the depth was significantly affected by irrigation methods.Total, Olsen,organic and inorganic P contents were greater in the topsoil(0–10 and 10–20 cm)than in the subsoil(20–30,30–40, 40–50 and 50–60 cm).The Olsen P content throughout 0–60 cm layer under drip and subsurface irrigation treatments was lower than that under the furrow irrigation treatment.However,the total,organic and inorganic P contents from 20 to 60 cm under drip irrigation treatment were higher than or close to those under furrow irrigation treatment,but were lower under subsurface irrigation treatment than under furrow irrigation treatment.Under subsurface irrigation treatment,the contents of total,organic and inorganic P at the 0–10 cm layer were 78.0%,1.3% and 3.7% greater than those at the 10–20 cm layer,respectively.But Olsen P content at the 10–20 cm layer was 5.7% larger than that at the 0–10 cm layer.These suggested that soil P behavior could be manipulated by soil water management to some extent.     

水稻土施用钢渣硅钙肥对土壤硅素形态和水稻生长的影响

钢渣是钢铁厂的副产品,富含硅、钙等养分,是优良的硅钙肥原料。但钢渣为强碱性物质,在稻田施用后对土壤p H值及硅素形态的影响需要阐明。2013年3―12月,通过早稻~晚稻连续2季钢渣硅钙肥温室盆栽试验,研究了钢渣施用对土壤p H值、土壤硅素形态以及水稻生长和植物硅素吸收的影响。结果表明,随着钢渣硅钙肥施用量的增加土壤p H值、土壤水溶性硅量、土壤有效硅量以及植株秸秆硅量均呈增加趋势,当土中施用钢渣有效Si O2用量高于1 600 mg/kg时(Si4和Si5处理),上述指标均显著高于CK。土壤无定形硅量随钢渣施用量的增加则表现出降低趋势,无定形硅量与有效硅量呈显著负相关关系。施入钢渣硅钙肥促进了水稻的生长发育,在2季水稻中,Si4和Si5处理秸秆+叶片干物质量较CK提高了11.9%~17.0%,籽粒干物质量较CK提高了9.52%~20.6%。     

以彝人古镇为例论我国新兴旅游形式的发展

旅游是社会生产力发展到一定阶段的产物,是人们在满足了基本生活需要的基础上逐渐所形成的更高层次的消费需求,随着经济的发展以及社会不断的进步,人们思维方式的不断转变对于旅游的要求也逐渐发生了转变。     

两种形态蛹虫草菌株子实体及有效成分比较

在蛹虫草资源调查中,发现两种子实体形态迥异的蛹虫草菌株T和G。栽培试验表明,T菌株子实体矮化膨大,G菌株子实体为棒状．两者子实体长度、直径和产量差异显著。有效成分测定结果表明,菌株T和G子实体中粗多糖的含量分别为1．75％,1．77％,虫草酸为2．81％,2．57％,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）酶活分别为30．43U／mgprotein、53．49U／mgprotein,过氧化物酶（POD）分别为31．26U／mgprotein,33．49U／mgprotein,过氧化氢酶（CAT）分别为126．35U／mgprotein、137．46U／mgprotein。其中,虫草酸含量、SOD酶活两者差异均显著。     

丛枝菌根真菌和不同形态氮对杉木幼苗根际土壤氮磷养分含量及其相关酶化学计量比的影响

目的 探究丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和不同形态氮(NH4+-N、NO3−-N)对杉木根际土壤氮(N)与磷(P)养分含量、相关酶活性及其化学计量比的影响,为杉木人工林的可持续经营管理提供理论依据与数据支持。 方法 本研究以1年生杉木幼苗为研究对象,采用盆栽实验,研究杉木幼苗在接种摩西球囊霉(G. mosseae, Gm)和添加不同形态N(NH4+-N、NO3−-N)后根际土壤N、P养分含量及其相关酶活性与化学计量比的变化。 结果 (1)AMF接种提高了土壤有效P含量,降低了土壤中硝态氮、铵态氮、可溶性有机氮以及全P含量,与NH4+-N处理相比,NO3−-N处理下AMF对土壤N、P养分的调节作用更显著(p<0.05);(2) AMF和不同形态N添加提高了土壤中酸性磷酸酶(AP)、脲酶(URE)、N-乙酰-β-D葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)活性,其中,NH4+-N处理下AMF更有利于提高URE活性,NO3−-N处理下AMF更有利于提高NAG活性。(3)接种AMF降低了土壤URE:AP、PRO:AP以及NAG:AP的比值(p<0.05),且在NO3−-N处理下土壤URE:AP、PRO:AP的化学计量比的下降幅度高于NH4+-N处理。 结论 AMF接种通过提高土壤中氮磷相关转化酶的活性,降低氮磷转化酶的化学计量比来提高杉木土壤P有效性,促进土壤中有效N、P向植物体内的转移,维持土壤N、P平衡,且NO3−-N处理下AMF对土壤N、P平衡的调节效果强于NH4+-N处理。     

软木细胞壁化学组分及软木材料应用探析

对栓皮栎与栓皮槠两树种的软木细胞结构、主要化学组分进行综述,并介绍了软木材料的主要应用形式,以期为进一步的软木理论研究及应用开发提供参考。     

晋城市道路绿化现状分析与植物配置模式探究

以山西省晋城市主要道路绿带为研究对象,调查不同等级道路(快速路,主干道,次干道)绿化断面形式、分车带和行道树带绿化植物种类与生长状况,分析道路绿化植物配置模式并评估其合理性。结果表明,晋城市道路绿化断面形式以一板二带和三板四带的形式为主,植物应用共计26科35属45种,占晋城市园林绿化树种的31.3%,尚有较大的选择空间,乔木与灌木种植比例不均衡,配置模式简单。藉此,提出合理规划道路,适当增加绿化带宽度,丰富植物种类,增加乡土树种的选择与运用,注重乔灌草的合理配置等建议。     

Nitrogen nutrition and adaptation of glycophytes to saline environment: a review

Relations between nitrogen (N) nutrition and salinity tolerance in plants are multifaceted and varies significantly depending on many soil and plant factors. Saline environment might experience an N dilemma due to the opposing effects of salt ions on N uptake, translocation and metabolism within the plant body. Adequate regulation of N under saline conditions can be a promising approach to alleviate salinity’s effects on plants by ameliorating ion toxicity and nutrient imbalances through its impacts on the uptake and redistribution of salt ions within the plant. Certain N-containing compounds including proline, glycine betaine, proteins and polyamines help the plants to tolerate salinity through their involvement in improving water uptake and water use efficiency, membrane integrity, enzyme activation, hormonal balance, chlorophyll synthesis, stimulation of photosystems and CO₂ assimilation under salinity stress. Nitrogen, particularly NO₃^? represents a stress signal that triggers the activation of antioxidant enzymes to protect the plants against salinity-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, the source/form of N application can affect not only N-interactions but also the behavior of other nutrients in stress environment. The present review deals with N-salinity relations in plants, particularly glycophytes, emphasizing on N-induced mechanisms which can improve plant adaptation to saline environment.     

Philosophy of Science and the Chinese Contemporary Architectural Forms

Philosophy of science led by Popper is one of the most important contemporary scientific and philosophic theories.In addition to the science,the philosophy of science impacted contemporary social science mostly,of which the false-feasibility,circumstantial logic,anti-historical determinism and anti-scientism influenced the orientation of contemporary architecture.Just with these factors of philosophy of science,this thesis reanalyzed and reviewed Chinese contemporary architectural forms,especially the tradition inheritance.