Gelam honey inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia in rats through the induction of heme oxygenase-1 and the inhibition of cytokines, nitric oxide, and high-mobility group protein B1

Malaysian Gelam honey has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, a high antioxidant capacity, and free radical-scavenging activity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates immune cells to sequentially release early pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and induces the synthesis of several related enzymes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the intravenous injection of honey in rats with LPS-induced endotoxemia. The results showed that after 4h of treatment, honey reduced cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins 1β, and 10) and NO levels and increased heme oxygenase-1 levels. After 24h, a decrease in cytokines and NO and an increase in HO-1 were seen in all groups, whereas a reduction in HMGB1 occurred only in the honey-treated groups. These results support the further examination of honey as a natural compound for the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory diseases.     

Sesquiterpenes inhibiting NO production from Celastrus orbiculatus

Two new (1 and 2) and one known (3) β-dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpenes were isolated from the fruits of Celastrus orbicultus Thunb. Their structures were elucidated as 1β,13-diacetoxy-8β,9β-dibenzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (1), 1β,13-diacetoxy-8α-hydroxy-9β-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (2), and 1β,6α,13-triacetoxy-9α-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (3), on the basis of spectroscopic data analyses. All the compounds exhibited inhibitory effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide production in murine microglial BV-2 cells.     

凡纳滨对虾对家蝇蛆粉的表观消化率

以氧化钇(Y2O3)为指示剂,按照"70%基础饲料+30%试验原料"的方法测定了初始体重(2.20±0.15)g凡纳滨对虾对家蝇蛆粉的表观消化率。试验结果显示,凡纳滨对虾对家蝇蛆粉干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和能量的表观消化率分别为68.18%、83.34%、89.26%和75.38%。凡纳滨对虾对家蝇蛆粉总氨基酸的消化率为86.56%,氨基酸消化率的变化范围为80.74%~92.31%,其中组氨酸、精氨酸、异亮氨酸和脯氨酸的消化率均在90%以上。研究结果为评价家蝇蛆粉的营养价值及其在凡纳滨对虾饲料中的应用提供了参考和依据。     

黄颡鱼对蝇蛆粉的表观消化率的研究

试验以三氧化二钇(Y2O3)为外源指示剂,采用"70%基础饲料+30%试验原料"的方法配制试验饲料,测定了初始体质量约为3.15 g的黄颡鱼(Peltobagrus fulvidraco)对蝇蛆粉的表观消化率。试验鱼养殖于室内循环水系统中,投喂试验饲料2周后,采用滤网捞取法收集粪便。结果显示,黄颡鱼对蝇蛆粉干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、能量和总磷的表观消化率分别为80.35%、91.08%、71.59%、78.19%和67.12%。黄颡鱼对总氨基酸的表观消化率为95.53%,其中对丝氨酸的消化率最低,为82.58%,其他氨基酸的消化率均高于90%。结果表明,黄颡鱼幼鱼对蝇蛆粉干物质、蛋白质和氨基酸具有较高的消化吸收能力,这为评价蝇蛆粉的营养价值及其作为蛋白源在黄颡鱼饲料中的应用提供了相应的依据和参考。     

Dose-dependent effects of dietary zinc oxide on bacterial communities and metabolic profiles in the ileum of weaned pigs

Pharmacological levels of zinc oxide (ZnO) can improve the health of weaning piglets and influence the intestinal microbiota. This experiment aimed at studying the dose-response effect of five dietary concentrations of ZnO on small intestinal bacteria and metabolite profiles. Fifteen piglets, weaned at 25 ± 1 days of age, were allocated into five groups according to body weight and litter. Diets were formulated to contain 50 (basal diet), 150, 250, 1000 and 2500 mg zinc/kg by adding analytical-grade (>98% purity) ZnO to the basal diet and fed ad libitum for 14 days after a 7-day adaptation period on the basal diet. Ileal bacterial community profiles were analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and selected bacterial groups quantified by real-time PCR. Concentrations of ileal volatile fatty acids (VFA), D- and L-lactate and ammonia were determined. Species richness, Shannon diversity and evenness were significantly higher at high ZnO levels. Quantitative PCR revealed lowest total bacterial counts in the 50 mg/kg group. Increasing ZnO levels led to an increase (p = 0.017) in enterobacteria from log 4.0 cfu/g digesta (50 mg/kg) to log 6.7 cfu/g digesta (2500 mg/kg). Lactic acid bacteria were not influenced (p = 0.687) and clostridial cluster XIVa declined (p = 0.035) at highest ZnO level. Concentration of total, D- and L-lactate and propionate was not affected (p = 0.736, p = 0.290 and p = 0.630), but concentrations of ileal total VFA, acetate and butyrate increased markedly from 50 to 150 mg/kg and decreased with further increasing zinc levels and reached low levels again at 2500 mg/kg (p = 0.048, p = 0.048 and p = 0.097). Ammonia decreased (p < 0.006) with increasing dietary ZnO level. In conclusion, increasing levels of dietary ZnO had strong and dose-dependent effects on ileal bacterial community composition and activity, suggesting taxonomic variation in metabolic response to ZnO.     

Modulation of electrogenic transport processes in the porcine proximal colon by enteric neurotransmitters

The aim of our study was to evaluate the involvement of essential pro- and antisecretory neurotransmitters in regulation of secretion in porcine proximal colon. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), somatostatin (SOM) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were located immunohistochemically in the epithelium and subepithelial layer. Modulation of epithelial secretion was studied in Ussing chambers. Application of carbachol (CA), sodium nitroprussid (SNP), VIP and SP but not of NPY or SOM resulted in a chloride dependent increase in short circuit current (I(sc) ). I(sc) increase induced by CA, VIP or SNP was not altered by preincubation with tetrodotoxin or indomethacin. In contrast, SP-induced I(sc) increase was diminished by preincubation with tetrodotoxin, indomethacin, L-nitro-arginin-methyl-ester, and atropine but not hexamethonium. Simultaneous application of CA and VIP, or CA and SNP increased the I(sc) stronger as expected. Applying SP/CA led to a smaller increase in I(sc) as calculated. It is concluded that mainly prosecretory neurotransmitters are involved in regulation of colonic secretion. Cross-potentiations of acetylcholine and nitric oxide and acetylcholine and VIP suggest activation of different intracellular cascades. Similar intracellular pathways may be stimulated by acetylcholine and SP, thus preventing an additive effect of the transmitters.     

冬小麦/大葱轮作体系N2O排放特征及影响因素研究

采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法研究了冬小麦/大葱轮作体系不同施肥处理下农田N2O排放特征及排放系数,分析了土壤湿度和土壤温度等环境因子对N2O排放的影响。结果表明,农田N2O排放高峰值主要出现在每次施肥+灌溉或强降雨之后的一段时间,大葱生长季排放峰值高且出现的频率比小麦生长季密集;N2O排放通量变化范围为-3.85～507.11μg N·m-2·h-1,平均值为251.63μgN·m-2·h-1,对于不同施肥处理,其年度N2O排放总量介于1.71 kg N·hm-2到4.60 kg N·hm-2之间。整个轮作体系不同处理N2O排放系数介于0.31%到0.48%之间,均值为0.43%;相对比农民习惯(FP)处理,优化施肥(OPT)、优化减氮(OPT-N)以及秸秆还田(C/N)处理均能显著减少N2O的排放,秸秆还田处理和优化减氮处理N2O排放总量比优化处理分别减少了17%和10%。在10℃<土壤温度(T)s<20℃时,N2O排放随温度的升高而增加;整个小麦生长季N2O排放随土壤湿度的增加而增加,且达到0.05的显著水平;大葱生长季在20℃相似文献   

添加氧化镁与磷酸对厨余堆肥氮素转化与氮素损失的影响

[目的]探讨氧化镁与磷酸的加入对厨余堆肥氮素转化与氮素损失的影响。[方法]堆肥化试验采用静态好氧工艺,设C0、C1、C23个处理,对应添加氧化镁的量为01、3、mol/kg,同时加入与氧化镁等摩尔数量的磷酸。[结果]堆肥过程中,堆肥C0、C1、C2的厨余氨氮总释放率分别为5.77、0.92和0.01 g/kg。堆制后,与初始值相比,C0堆体全氮含量降低23.2%,C1、C2堆体全氮含量分别提高14.2%、33.0%。堆肥C0、C1、C2的氮损失率分别为48.9%1、8.9%和16.5%,氨氮挥发占氮损失的比例分别为36.8%、15.8%和0.2%。[结论]从堆肥的经济性与实用性来看,厨余堆肥的氧化镁和磷酸添加量以1mol/kg为宜。     

Effects of Needle-knife Therapy on iNOS Activity and NO Content in Skeletal Muscles in the L3 Transverse Process Syndrome Model Rat

Objective:To study on relationship of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and nitric oxide (NO) content in the injured local soft tissue with injured degrees of the soft tissue in the third...