螺旋槽流道微泵的数值模拟方法分析

分别在无滑移边界条件和滑移边界条件下,采用不同的双方程湍流模型以及层流模型对微型泵内部流动进行数值模拟,研究适合微型泵的计算模型和边界条件．分别使用了3种湍流模型（标准k-ε,RNGk—ε,Realizable k-ε）和层流模型进行了数值模拟,通过对流场的速度分布和压力分布的分析发现：与无滑移壁面条件的模拟结果比较,滑移壁面条件时速度分布比较均匀,但两者压力分布趋势相同．在压力与流量间的性能曲线方面,计算结果和试验结果的比较表明,在无滑移壁面边界条件时,各种模型的计算结果与试验结果总体相差很大,同时,层流模型的计算结果较好;而在滑移壁面边界条件时,所有模型的计算结果与试验结果的误差都很小,同时,标准k—ε湍流模型和RNGk—ε湍流模型的计算结果总体要比使用层流模型稍好一些,并且当泵在高转速下趋势更明显．     

模拟翼型热敏介质空化流的湍流模型修正与应用

为了研究湍流模型对热敏介质空化流数值模拟精度的影响,结合滤波器模型(Filter-based model,FBM)和密度修正模型(Density-corrected model,DCM),基于局部网格尺度和气液两相混合密度,修正了3种湍流模型(k-ε、RNG kε和SST k-ω)的湍流粘度,并分别采用原始湍流模型和修正湍流模型,以不同温度的水为介质,对NACA0015翼型进行了单相和气液两相数值模拟。通过与实验数据比较,验证了数值模拟结果的准确性。研究结果表明,修正的kε模型消除了湍流尺度的影响,通过修正的RNG kε模型计算得到的空泡发展规律与实验结果一致。修正后的RNG kε模型揭示了空化与温度变化的规律,反映出较好的修正效果,可为低温热敏介质空化流数值模拟提供理论参考。     

基于灌水器流量的湍流模型适应性研究

采用通用流体模拟软件FLUENT所提供的5种不同的湍流模型:标准k-ε模型、RNG k-ε模型、Real-izable k-ε模型、标准k-ω模型、SST k-ω模型,对滴灌灌水器微流道内流场水流流动进行了数值模拟.通过对比模拟得出的宏观参量-灌水器的流量与实验室试验的结果,评价了这些不同的湍流模型对不同类型灌水器内流场流量模拟效果的影响,为灌水器内流场的理论分析以及灌水器流道结构的工程设计提供了一定的参考依据.     

小型农业养殖塘上大气湍流特征的观测分析

为明确小型水体上的大气湍流特征和涡度相关系统的适用性,基于2018年安徽省滁州市全椒县官渡村小型农业养殖塘的通量观测数据,分析该地的大气稳定状态、湍流方差相似性、湍流速度谱和协谱、湍流强度及湍流动能的变化特征。结果表明,该小型农业养殖塘上1 d内约21 h大气处于不稳定状态;Monin-Obukhov相似理论适用于该农业养殖塘;三维风速归一化标准差随大气稳定度的变化符合1/3次方规律,不稳定条件下的拟合效果优于稳定条件下,且以垂直方向上拟合效果最佳,温度和湿度的归一化标准差在大气不稳定时符合-1/3次方规律;三维风速的湍流谱在惯性子区中符合-2/3次方关系,垂直风速与标量的协谱在惯性子区中符合-4/3次方规律,涡度相关系统能够观测该小型农业养殖塘上的感热、潜热和CO₂通量;该小型农业养殖塘上的湍流强度随风速衰减的速度快于大型湖泊,风速大于1 m·s^-1时湍流强度趋近于常数,且水平方向上的湍流强度大于垂直方向;该小型农业养殖塘上的湍流动能在中性条件下最大（3.0 m²·s^-2）,且以风切变贡献为主;湍流动能随风速增大而增大,并呈现昼高夜低的变化特征。上述结果可为明确小型水体上的大气湍流特征及小型农业养殖塘与大气之间能量和物质的交换机制奠定一定的理论基础。     

客运汽车外形数学模型和表面风压气动模型研究

In this paper, the aerodynamic model and the mathematical model of the bus body are set up. The correctness of the models is verified by using computer simulation for pressure distribution and comparison between experimental results and computational valu     

塑料管光滑紊流公式初步分析

在水资源日益紧缺的情况下。喷灌、滴灌、低压管道输水地面灌(简称“管灌”)等节水灌溉新技术得到迅速发展。因此也推动了塑料管的应用。当前,因塑料管所用水力计算公式不同,对设计和灌溉质量的影响已引起重视。本所结合管灌、微灌研究课题,专门对其水力摩阻进行了测试研究。本文将以部分实测资料验证分析塑料管光滑紊流计算公式,以明确其适用范围,提高设计精度。     

斜式进水流道的优化水力计算

采用直接求解三维雷诺平均Ｎ－Ｓ方程和ｋ－ε紊流方程组的方法，模拟斜式进水流道内的流场，并在此基础上对三种角度的斜式进水流道进行优化水力计算，给出了斜式进水流道最优水力设计准则     

Retrofitting Sprinkler Systems for Suppressing Dust Generated by Moving Vehicles Inside Farms

Fugitive dust is one of the well known problems in agriculture and it affects both humans and machine producing quality.Dust problems can seriously cause harmful diseases to workers and ruin expensive equipments. In this study, a dust formation generated in open environment by vehicles was analyzed on unpaved roads. Formed dust was measured by calculating total forces on the PM10 (airborne particles smaller than 10 mm) of dust particles, such as air velocity, gravity forces and air turbulence generated by the moving vehicle. The water fogger nozzle discharge was measured to determine the approximate droplets quantity in the air. The loggers were used to suppress the generated dust in an open environment via installing a proposed automatic suppression system which opens automatically when vehicles pass under the system.The relationship between water droplet speed and ability of collecting fugitive dust showed that high air temperature above 40℃ and wind speed above 10 m s-1 have negative effects on the system's ability of collecting dust due to evaporation of small radius droplets and/or drifting water droplets away from the effective area. The overall system efficiency was found to be 85% and the proposed dust suppression system was found to be a satisfying solution for reducing fugitive dust hazards.     

Effects of water velocity,turbulence and obstacle length on the swimming capabilities of adult Pacific lamprey

The swimming capabilities of adult Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus Gairdner, were tested in an experimental vertical‐slot fishway in response to three different fishway features: water velocity (1.2, 1.8 and 2.4 m s^?1), the length of the vertical slot (0.33, 0.66, 1.00 m) and during the presence/absence of a turbulence‐intensifying structure that increased turbulence for each respective treatment. Passage success was lowest (52.7%) and attachment rates were highest (92.9%) during the most difficult passage conditions (high velocity, high turbulence, long slot length). Passage success was >83% for all other treatment combinations. Although passage of the vertical‐slot weir was not associated with fish body size, Pacific lamprey with larger dorsal distances (distance between the two dorsal fins) were more likely to pass the vertical‐slot weir. Increased attachment rates and longer attachment times during strenuous passage conditions suggest that endurance capacity may be an important factor limiting the passage of Pacific lamprey at fishway obstacles.     

First‐year survival of North East Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) from 1998 to 2012 appears to be driven by availability of Calanus,a preferred copepod prey

Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) is one of the ecologically and economically most important fish species in the Atlantic. Its recruitment has, for unknown reasons, been exceptional from 1998 to 2012. The majority (75%) of the survivors in the first winter were found north of an oceanographic division at approximately 52°N, despite the fact that mackerel spawns over a wide range of latitudes. Multivariate time series modelling of survivor abundance in the north revealed a significant correlation with the abundance of copepodites (stage I–IV) of Calanus sp. in the spawning season (April to June). The copepodites were a mix of C. helgolandicus (dominating) and C. finmarchicus. The growth of mackerel larvae is known to be positively related to the availability of nauplii and copopodites of preferred prey species, namely, large calanoid copepod species such as Calanus. The statistical relationship between mackerel survivors and abundance of Calanus, therefore, most likely, reflected a causal relationship: high availability of Calanus probably reduced starvation, stage‐specific predation and cannibalism (owing to prey switching). The effects of other abundant, but less preferred zooplankton taxa, (Acartia sp., Branchiopoda spp. and Echinodermata spp. larvae), as well as stock size, temperature and wind‐induced turbulence were not found to be significant. However, stock size was retained in the final model because of a significant interaction with Calanus in oceanic areas west of the North European continental shelf. This was suggested to be a consequence of a density driven expansion of the spawning area that increased the overlap between early life stages of mackerel and food (Calanus) in new areas.