傅里叶变换红外光谱法在橄榄油掺假鉴别中的应用

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对橄榄油、葵花籽油、花生油、玉米油、大豆油、菜籽油、棕榈油7种食用植物油的红外光谱信息进行分析。结果表明,橄榄油的红外吸收光谱在吸收峰的位置及吸光度上均与其他种类的植物油有区别,以3005~3009 cm^-1、1117~1121 cm^-1处的吸收峰作为种类区分。模拟掺假过程,向橄榄油中掺入其他6种不同比例的低价值植物油后,发现1097、3005 cm^-1处吸收峰的峰面积与掺假百分比呈线性关系。此外,对7种食用植物油180℃加热2 h后的红外光谱图进行分析,发现968、1097 cm^-1处的吸收峰变化趋势有差异,橄榄油呈上升趋势而其他种类的植物油则呈现下降趋势。掺假橄榄油加热后谱图分析发现3005 cm^-1处的峰面积有所降低,但与掺假百分比仍呈线性关系,掺入5%低价油,3400~3650 cm^-1区域呈明显增加趋势,据此可以鉴别掺假量低至5%的橄榄油,这为橄榄油的掺假鉴别提供了一种快速高效的方法。     

近红外光谱技术与常规方法检测紫花苜蓿品质的对比研究

从黑龙江省国家牧草产业技术体系绥化综合试验站的试验田中采集的10 种（每种取7 个样品）紫花苜蓿样品分别采用近红外光谱技术和常规化学测定法,对其含有的粗蛋白（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、脂肪（FAT）、灰分（ASH）、干物质（DM）成分进行了测定,并将测试结果用SPSS 软件进行配对T值分析比较,结果表明：两种方法的X ± S 相近,|t|<0.05,P>0.05,差异不显著。分别计算两种方法的标准偏差（S）和相对标准偏差（RSD）,发现近红外分析方法的值均小于常规化学分析方法。试验结果表明：基于与常规化学方法的比较,近红外方法可以作为一种新的检测方法被使用,值得广泛应用于各种牧草饲养品质的测定与推广。     

近红外光谱法快速测定白酒中的酒精度

为了得到白酒工业中酒精度的快速检测技术,将偏最小二乘法与傅立叶变换近红外光谱法相结合,建立白酒酒精度的快速定量模型。通过标准归一化预处理光谱,光谱范围选择5731.40~5897.25、5901.11~6063.10、8327.12~8423.54 cm-1,主成分数为5,得到模型的内部交互验证相关系数(R)为0.9992,交互验证均方差(RMSECV)为0.263;模型的预测值与实测值的相关系数为0.99,预测标准偏差(RMSEP)为0.435。结果表明,模型的预测效果很好,具有较高的精密度和良好的稳定性,能满足生产中白酒酒精度的快速检测要求。     

Adsorption and corrosion inhibition behavior of mild steel by one derivative of triazole-phenylamide in acid solution

A new triazole-phenylamide derivative (DOT) is synthesized and its inhibiting action on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 mol/L HCl solution is investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and weight loss measurements. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters are calculated and discussed. Then the surface morphology is studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that DOT strongly inhibits the corrosion of Q235. The inhibition efficiency of 0.001 mol·L-1 DOT is more than 96%. Polarization curves indicate that the DOT acts as a mixed-type inhibitor, the cathodic and anodic processes of corrosion are suppressed. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters are obtained from weight loss of the different experimental temperatures, which suggests that at different temperatures (298~333 K) the adsorption of DOT on metal surface obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption processes are exothermic reaction and belong to chemisorption and physisorption.     

The Quantitative Method for Temperature Distribution of Cotton Leaves Based on Infrared Thermal Images

[Objective] The leaf temperature is an effective parameter reflecting crop physiological process and energy exchange. This study aimed to put forward a method to quantify the temperature distribution within cotton leaves. [Method] The infrared images of cotton leaves of potassium deficiency and normal cotton plants cultivated in nutrient solution were taken and studied. The irrelevant background in the infrared images was removed by using software of Stata and Surfer. The geostatistical spatial grid method was used to quantify the temperature distribution within cotton leaves. Finally, the temperature scales of different images were unified for better and faster comparison of leaf temperature differences among images. [Result] The processed image clearly reflected the differences among different treatments in leaf temperature. The mean leaf temperature, leaf vein temperature and leaf temperature outside leaf vein of potassium-deficient cotton were 0.52 ℃, 0.59 ℃ and 0.47 ℃higher than those of normal leaf, respectively. In addition, the temperature variation amplitude (0.76 ℃) and coefficient of variation (0.38%) of potassium deficient leaf were higher than those of normal leaf (0.54 ℃, 0.27%), and the temperature of the leaf vein increased the most (0.53 ℃). The analysis of the frequency distribution of temperature within the cotton leaf showed that the quartile deviation of temperature distribution of potassium-deficient leaf was 0.07 ℃ higher than that of normal leaf, indicating that the temperature distribution of normal leaf was relatively concentrated. [Conclusion] The proposed method is helpful for further monitoring of cotton growth and may guide cotton precise management.     

全细胞催化制备单糖酸及其鉴定

首次利用氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌全细胞催化方法,在液体振荡反应体系中分别制取葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和甘露糖这5种植物单糖对应的单糖酸钙溶液。以高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测器(HPAEC-PAD)对它们的纯度进行检测,并采用红外光谱(FT-IR)和电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)进行了物质的结构解析与鉴定。结果显示,制备所得的5种单糖酸钙的离子色谱检测纯度均大于98%;它们的红外光谱在1600 cm-1处均有去质子化COO-基团的特征吸收;在电喷雾质谱中2种戊糖酸和3种己糖酸的特征离子峰[M-H]-分别为165.1和195.1,与理论值相符。     

应用NIR及主成分回归预测落叶松密度的研究

运用近红外光谱主成分回归法对落叶松样品密度进行研究,校正集的相关系数（R）为0．86,校正集标准误差（SEC）为0．01,预测集的相关系数（R）为0．89,预测集标准误差（SEP）为0．02,对未参与建模的12个未知样品进行密度预测,相关系数达0．95。研究表明,近红外光谱能够快速、准确地对落叶松样品密度进行预测,这为快速检测落叶松木材材性提供了一种新方法。     

Rapid assessment of wood chemical properties and pulp yield of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Thailand tree plantations by near infrared spectroscopy for improving wood selection for high quality pulp

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been demonstrated as a means for rapid nondestructive determination of the chemical composition and final pulp yield of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Thailand tree plantations. Multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis and partial least squares (PLS) analysis were introduced to develop statistical models in terms of calibration equations for total pulp yield, screened pulp yield, and contents of -cellulose, pentosans, and lignin in wood. In MLR analysis, a reasonably good calibration equation was found only for pentosans (standard error of prediction (SEP): 0.98%). The PLS analysis improved the accuracy of prediction for every criterion variable, especially for pentosans (SEP: 0.91%) and lignin (SEP: 0.52%). Also, in the case of screened pulp yield, we were able to use such a statistical result as an indicator of the characteristics of the pulp and paper. Thus, NIR spectroscopy could be satisfactorily used as an effective assessment technique for Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation trees.     

快速检测木材微纤丝角的近红外光谱分析技术

介绍了一种新的测量木材微纤丝角的无损检测技术--近红外光谱分析,并详细阐述了测量时木材样品的选择及制备,测量工作包括X射线衍射和近红外光谱采集、多变量数据分析与模型建立的方法及步骤.证明了近红外光谱分析技术可以用于快速准确地预测木材的微纤丝角.     

近红外光谱技术在农作物品质分析方面的应用

近红外光谱分析技术是近年来迅猛发展起来的高新技术,由于其在测量方面具有快速、非破坏性等优点,已被广泛应用。在此,首先介绍了近红外光谱技术及其分析过程（定标和预测）,而后又总结了其在小麦、玉米、稻米及油料作物等农作物品质方面的应用。