自然保护地巡护道路设计中几个主要指标的确定

自然保护地原则上按核心区和一般管控区实行分区管控.各类保护地巡护道路设计体系目前没有相关设计规范.文章对保护地内巡护道路的等级、平纵设计指标、横断面指标的确定需考虑的因素进行分析,提出了相应的设计指标和参数,以期对后续巡护道路设计提供参考.     

Logging Impacts in Tropical Lowland Humid Forest on Tree Species Diversity and Environmental Conservation

This study assessed the effects of exploitations in natural forest ecosystems on tree species diversity and environmental conservation. This was achieved by comparing tree species diversity and yield in an unlogged forest (Strict Nature Reserve) and a forest reserve where active logging is in progress in Ondo State, Nigeria. Eight plots (20 m × 20 m) were assessed in each site using systematic sampling techniques. All living trees with dbh >10 cm were identified, categorized into families with their diameter at breast height (dbh) measured in each plot. Shannon-Weiner and species evenness indices were used to assess and compare tree species diversity and abundance. The results show that the tropical humid forest is very rich in tree species, as a total of 54 different tropical hardwood species from 23 families were encountered in both forest types. There were 46 species distributed among 21 families in the unlogged forest and 24 species in 14 families in the logged forest. Shannon-Weiner diversity index of 3.16 and 3.03 and evenness index of .83 and .81 were also obtained for the unlogged and logged forest, respectively. Every variable computed had a higher value in the unlogged forest relative to the logged forest. In the unlogged forest, the species with the highest number of occurrence was Mansonia altissima A. Chev. (80 stems/ha). Caesalpinoidae and Sterculiaceae families had the highest number of species (6). In the logged forest, Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum. (18 stems/ha) had the highest frequency and Caesalpinoidae family has the highest number of species (4). The study concludes that exploitation has affected species diversity in the ecosystem and subsequently, the roles of trees in environmental conservation are affected.     

浙江箬寮岘自然保护区珍稀濒危植物及基本特征

调查统计表明,箬寮岘自然保护区珍稀濒危植物及国家保护植物有28种,隶属于18科25属。通过对箬寮岘自然保护区28种珍稀濒危植物及国家保护植物区系组成的分析,得出该区系具有木本植物占优势、区系起源古老、孑遗植物众多、地理成分复杂和特有现象显著等特征。     

First-year growth response of cold-stored,nursery-grown aspen planting stock

This research examined the first year growth characteristics of cold stored and transplanted nursery-produced aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings (container and bareroot (BR)) and compared it to the growth of seedlings that had not been transplanted (established from germinants in the field) and therefore had an unrestricted root system (UR). Prior to planting, nursery-produced seedlings were placed in cold storage (−3°C) and root growth potential (RGP) and total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) root reserves were tested at 0, 10, 75 and after 150 (container) and 190 days (BR) of storage. Both container and BR stock had much lower root to shoot ratios (RSRs) and root carbohydrate reserves compared to UR seedlings after 170 days. During storage, root reserves in container stock declined faster than in the BR and UR seedlings. RGP in all nursery stock was the highest after 75 days of storage, while longer storage resulted in shoot dieback and reduced root growth. After the first growing season, UR seedlings were one tenth the size of the nursery stock; however, in the second growing season they had no stem dieback and grew twice the height and stem diameter. The higher RSRs and root reserves in the UR seedlings was likely caused by early bud set in its first year of growth. This suggests that inducing bud set earlier in the growing regime might allow seedlings to increase root mass and carbohydrate reserves.     

Biodiversity management approaches for stream–riparian areas: Perspectives for Pacific Northwest headwater forests,microclimates, and amphibians

Stream–riparian areas represent a nexus of biodiversity, with disproportionate numbers of species tied to and interacting within this key habitat. New research in Pacific Northwest headwater forests, especially the characterization of microclimates and amphibian distributions, is expanding our perspective of riparian zones, and suggests the need for alternative designs to manage stream–riparian zones and their adjacent uplands. High biodiversity in riparian areas can be attributed to cool moist conditions, high productivity and complex habitat. All 47 northwestern amphibian species have stream–riparian associations, with a third being obligate forms to general stream–riparian areas, and a quarter with life histories reliant on headwater landscapes in particular. Recent recognition that stream-breeding amphibians can disperse hundreds of meters into uplands implies that connectivity among neighboring drainages may be important to their population structures and dynamics. Microclimate studies substantiate a “stream effect” of cool moist conditions permeating upslope into warmer, drier forests. We review forest management approaches relative to headwater riparian areas in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, and we propose scenarios designed to retain all habitats used by amphibians with complex life histories. These include a mix of riparian and upslope management approaches to address the breeding, foraging, overwintering, and dispersal functions of these animals. We speculate that the stream microclimate effect can partly counterbalance edge effects imposed by upslope forest disturbances, hence appropriately sized and managed riparian buffers can protect suitable microclimates at streams and within riparian forests. We propose one approach that focuses habitat conservation in headwater areas – where present management allows extensive logging – on sensitive target species, such as tailed frogs and torrent salamanders that often occur patchily. Assuming both high patchiness and some concordance among the distribution of sensitive species, protecting areas with higher abundances of these animals could justify less protection of currently unoccupied or low-density habitats, where more intensive forest management for timber production could occur. Also, we outline an approach that protects juxtaposed headwater patches, retaining connectivity among sub-drainages using a 6th-field watershed spatial scale for assuring well-distributed protected areas across forested landscapes. However, research is needed to test this approach and to determine whether it is sufficient to buffer downstream water quality and habitat from impacts of headwater management. Offering too-sparse protection everywhere is likely insufficient to conserve headwater habitats and biodiversity, while our alternative targeted protection of selected headwaters does not bind the entire forest landscape into a biodiversity reserve.     

云南小黑山省级自然保护区综合评价

云南小黑山省级自然保护区具有典型性、稀有性、多样性、脆弱性、自然性、完整性等自然属性特点；就保护区的生态、社会、经济效益对保护区的保护属性进行了评价；分析保护区的管理现状和存在的主要问题。综合评价结果，保护区的建设是一项生态效益巨大、社会效益显著的生态工程，对连接南北动、植物区系起着重要作用，在科研上具有重要价值。     

菜阳河自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能价值评估

为研究中国云南亚热带南部季风常绿阔叶林生态系统的服务功能,选择菜阳河自然保护区,应用市场价值、影子价格和机会成本法等方法,对保护区内的优势地带性植被(季风常绿阔叶林),以及另外2种植被类型(季节雨林和山地雨林)的生态系统服务功能的经济价值进行了估算。结果表明:涵养水源价值为4 919.56万元/a,固持土壤的价值为9 631.76万元/a,固定CO2的价值为1 365.05万元/a,净化空气的价值为2 504.92万元/a。4项合计的总价值平均每年为1.842 1亿元。     

岭峰自然保护区森林资源现状的初步调查

通过对岭峰自然保护区森林资源的调查,初步查清岭峰自然保护区森林资源的现状,为林业生产提供真实可靠的科学理论依据。     

贵州佛顶山自然保护区景观格局初步分析

以森林资源二类调查数据为基础,采用PLAND指数、MPS指数、AI指数、PAFRAC指数、SHDI、SHEI指数对贵州佛顶山自然保护区景观格局特征进行分析。结果表明:在以地类划分的景观中,林地斑块占主体(91.93%),其中尤以纯林斑块面积最大(61.76%),且斑块完整性最高;在以林分起源划分的景观中,天然林斑块面积占总面积89.19%,且斑块破碎化程度低,保存完好,但原生林面积比例极小(0.49%);在功能分区中,核心区多样性指数和均匀度指数均最低,且核心区斑块异质性低、破碎度低、人为干扰较少,表明保护区功能分区的核心区划定较为合理。     

瑞丽江自然保护区现状及发展思路

位于滇西南德宏州的省级瑞丽江自然保护区总面积73 500hm2,主要保护对象是季节雨林、石灰山季雨林、季风常绿阔叶林、珍稀濒危物种、水资源及自然景观。介绍了保护区丰富的资源、管理现状、存在问题,提出了今后发展思路。