A Preliminary Study on Dynamics and Models of N, P, K Absorption for High-Yield Cotton

The field experiments were carried out to investigate the dynamics and models of N, P and K ab-sorption for the cotton plants with a lint of 3 000 kg ha-1 in Xinjiang. The main results were as follows: Thecontents of N, P2O5, K2O in cotton leaves, stems, squares and bolls decreased obviously with the time over thewhole growth duration and the falling extent was greater in high-yield cotton than in CK. Contents of N inleaves, squares and bolls, in particular in the leaves of fruit-bearing shoot was higher in high-yield cotton thanin CK. Contents of P2O5 in squares and bolls and that of K2O in stems were higher in high-yield cotton than inCK during the whole growing period. The accumulations of N, P2O5 and K2O in the cotton plants could be de-scribed with a logistic curve equation. There was the fastest nutrient uptake at about 90 d for N, 92 d for P2O5and 85 d for K2O after emergence, respectively. Total nutrient accumulation of N, P2 O5 and K2O was 385.8,244.7 and 340.3 kg ha-1 , respectively. Approximately 12.5 kg N, 8.0 kg P2O5 and 11.1 kg K2O were neededfor producing 100 kg lint with the leaves and stems under the super high yield condition of 3 000 kg ha-1 inXinjiang.     

Study on Nitrogen Distribution in Leaf, Stem and Sheath at Different Layers in Winter Wheat Canopy and Their Influence on Grain Quality

Vertical distribution of nitrogen in wheat canopy, nitrogen remobilization and their influence on grain quality of winter wheat were studied. Two winter wheat cultivars, Jingdong8, a common cultivar, and Zhongyou9507, a high quality cultivar, were selected. Leaf nitrogen showed an obvious decreasing trend from the canopy top to the ground surface for all treatments in growth duration. There was no apparent vertical nitrogen gradient in stem and sheath of Zhongyou9507 compared with Jingdong8. Zhongyou9507 had more nitrogen remobilization from leaf, stem and sheath than Jingdong8 from middle grain filling to waxening, especially the nitrogen remobilization amount in stem and sheath, which was higher than that in Jingdong8 during growth duration. Higher vertical nitrogen gradients in Jingdong8 at anthesis had disadvantages on its grain quality. But higher vertical nitrogen gradients between middle and lower layers of Jingdong8 at grain filling stage enhanced its grain quality. Higher vertical nitrogen gradients in upper layer at anthesis and upper layer leaf and middle layer stem and sheath at grain filling stage had advantages on protein accumulation in grain of Zhongyou9507. There were positive correlations between foliar nitrogen remobilization amount and grain quality at later growth stage for the two cultivars. There was a positive correlation between quality of Jingdong8 and stem and sheath nitrogen remobilization amount from anthesis to early grain filling, and that of Zhongyou9507 emerged from anthesis to early grain filling and from middle grain filling to waxening. Contribution of leaf nitrogen to the quality of Jingdong8 was larger than nitrogen from stem and sheath. High protein content of Zhongyou9507 was attributed to the nitrogen condition in its leaf, stem and sheath. Nitrogen in stem and sheath played a more important role on the grain quality of Zhongyou9507 than on that of Jingdong8.     

陕西关中塿土区线辣椒对氮、磷、钾肥的肥效反应

在陕西省关中土娄 土区布置线辣椒缺素大田试验 ,研究线辣椒对氮、磷、钾肥的肥效反应。结果表明 ,氮肥和钾肥能明显促进线辣椒的营养生长和生殖生长 ,氮肥能使线辣椒果实维生素 C含量增加 2 0 6 mg/ kg,而钾肥不仅能使线辣椒果实维生素 C含量增加 1 37mg/ kg,而且可使果实硝态氮含量降低 1 0 .3m g/ kg;氮肥可使线辣椒增产 1 9.0 % ,钾肥能增产 1 0 .4 % ,磷肥对线辣椒营养生长和生殖生长、果实品质以及产量各方面的影响甚小     

多相流管道输量突增的瞬态效应试验研究

在大型多相流环道上进行了液量增加的瞬态试验，讨论了试验中的瞬态效应。当液相流量快速增加后，压力波首先传播到管道各点，压力发生扰动，一般时间后空隙传播到各点，压力快速上升。压力快速变化向下游的传播速度等于空隙波的波速。在段塞流时，空隙波波速等于液塞运动速度，在分层流时，空隙波波速等于液体实际流速；在气团流时，空隙波波速等于气液混合物的速度。差压的变化较为复杂，在不同流型和液量下的变化不同。     

落叶松RNA提取方法对比研究

以华北落叶松(Larix principis—rupprechtii Mayr)为试材，采用2种RNA提取方法，同时做了初提总RNA纯化对比试验，通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳和紫外光检测得到RNA的完整性和提取纯度，并计算RNA收率。试验结果表明，采用Concert试剂法提取和DNA酶提纯法纯化能够高效地从华北落叶松组织中分离获得纯度高、完整性好的RNA样品。     

珍珠鸡人工授精的研究

用电刺激采精方法 ,对 5只雄性成年珍珠鸡进行 2 5只次试验 ,皆获得精液。与按摩采精法相比 ,电刺激采精法采集的精液量 (0 .5 5 m L )显著高于按摩法 (0 .12 m L ) ,平均每次射出的精子总数 (4.2 2亿个 )比按摩采精法 (2 .4 4亿个 )显著增加 ,但精子活率和受精率无显著差异。冷冻试验结果表明 ,精子的活率为 2 0 %～ 5 0 % ,输精结果表明 ,受精率可达 6 0 %。     

膜技术在茶叶深加工中的应用研究

选用0.1μm微波膜对茶水提离心上清液进行微波处理,探讨了微滤温度对干物率、咖啡碱、各儿茶素组分以及微滤处理对产品冷溶性的影响。同时,选用不同的超滤膜对儿茶素粗提液进行超滤处理,比较分了超滤处理对儿茶素各组分比值和儿茶素终端产品色素的影响。结果表明,微滤滤出液的干物率、咖啡碱及各儿茶素组分含量随微滤温度的升高而增加,产品的各项冷溶性指标明显好于对照样产品;选用超滤膜-1可获得酯型儿茶素/非酯型儿茶素比值较小的产品,适用超滤膜-2可获得比值较大的产品;超滤膜-12比超滤膜-2能更有效地去除儿茶素终端产品色素。     

施氮方式对中筋小麦陕农229产量及品质的影响

以优质中筋小麦陕农229为材料,于江苏淮北麦区研究氮肥不同施用量和基追比对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明:适当增加施氮量或增加拔节期追氮比例可显著提高小麦籽粒产量,并改善籽粒品质。中筋小麦陕农229采用施氮量262.5kg·hm-2、基追比6∶4、5∶5和4∶63种施氮方式,产量可达7200kg·hm-2以上,各项品质指标符合优质中筋小麦要求,能较好地实现优质与高产的协调统一。施氮量262.5kg·hm-2、基追比5∶5的施氮方式,产量高、品质较好且安全生产性好,是中筋小麦实现优质高产的最佳氮肥运筹方式。     

菜籽粕中芥子酸和硫甙对异育银鲫生长和生理机能的影响

使用含“双高”菜籽粕 (硫甙和芥子酸含量分别为 1 8 9g·kg-1 和 0 2 1g·kg-1 )和“双低”菜籽粕 (硫甙和芥子酸含量分别为 3 2 5g·kg-1 和 0 0 5g·kg-1 )的饲料喂养异育银鲫 ,探讨菜籽粕中硫甙和芥子酸两种毒物对异育银鲫的生理机能和生长速度的影响。供试验鱼 1 2 0尾 ,平分为 4组 ,Ⅰ组 (对照组 )饲喂含 4 5 %“双高”菜籽粕的饲料 ,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别饲喂含“双高” 30 %和“双低” 1 5 %、“双高” 1 5 %和“双低” 30 %、“双低” 4 5 %菜籽粕的饲料。经 4 0d饲养表明 ,随“双低”菜籽粕比例增高 ,鱼类增重率和饲料效率明显提高 ,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的增重率分别比对照组提高 35 5 4 %、5 2 98%和 6 5 1 7% ,饲料效率分别提高 4 3 0 1 %、 4 5 31 %和 6 0 33% ,均达显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组之间的饲料效率和增重率均无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。在肝体比方面各组间差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ,并且这种差异与性别相关。随着硫甙和芥子酸含量增加 ,鱼类耐低氧能力也有所下降     

黄颡鱼与瓦氏黄颡鱼耗氧率的比较研究

采用流水密闭装置测定了五组不同规格的黄颡鱼和一组瓦氏黄颡的耗氧率,找出了黄颡鱼的耗氧率和体重的关系式,对黄颡鱼和瓦氏黄颡鱼的耗氧率进行了比较,并绘制了两种黄颡鱼耗氧率的昼夜变化图。试验表明:瓦氏黄颡鱼的耗氧率显著高于同种规格的黄颡鱼,随着体重的增加两种黄颡鱼耗氧率都显著下降。两种黄颡鱼的耗氧率的最大值都出现在晚上23时前后。通过测定计算出黄颡鱼的耗氧率与体重的回归方程为:Y=0.7279X-1.1826,R2=0.9872。