在灰潮土-芹菜系统中包膜尿素和尿素氮的利用和去向

通过盆栽试验研究了包膜尿素(自制)和尿素等肥料在灰潮土中对芹菜生长、氮吸收、产量和品质等的影响。结果表明：在2种质地的灰潮土中施包膜尿素较尿素使芹菜增产11．5％～15．2％,N吸收增加5．9％～9．5％,土壤氨挥发损失N减少12．2％～14．4％,淋失和反硝化N损失减少25．5％～28．3％,N素利用率提高20．1％～27．9％,土壤持留N量占施氮量的32．0％～37．3％;芹菜产品中NO3^--N含量降低44．2％～60．3％,维生素C含量显著提高,品质明显得到改善。     

Effect of relationships among clinical mastitis incidence,reproductive performance,and culling rate on the lifetime of dairy cows at Hiroshima University Farm

Farm managers' decision to cull dairy cows is based on the cows' milk production, history of disorder(s), and reproductive performance, each of which affects dairy cows' lifetime (herd life and productive lifespan). We investigated the relationships among the incidence of clinical mastitis (CM), the reproductive performance, and the culling rate. We also assessed the effects of these relationships on the lifetimes of dairy cows, using the records made before and after the introduction of an automatic milking system (AMS) at Hiroshima University Farm. Milk yield, CM incidence density, and culling rate of dairy cows increased after the AMS introduction. The CM incidence was associated with an elongation of the calving interval in cows with the same parity. CM in the 1st parity might have caused the reductions of the cows' lifetime and their parity at culling. A higher age at first calving (AFC) was associated with an increase in culling rate but did not lead to a significant decrease in lifetime. Investigations of the factors mediating CM in the 1st parity or AFC with CM incidence or culling rate in the later stages might contribute to the control of lifetime of dairy cows.     

1株H1N1亚型猪流感病毒的全基因组特征及其对小鼠的致病性

旨在了解河南省猪流感病毒的流行情况及其遗传进化和基因组特征。2018年4月,从河南省某一出现疑似流感症状猪群中采集鼻拭子样品150份用于分离病毒,对分离病毒的全基因组进行序列测定和分析。同时感染6周龄BALB/c小鼠,研究其对小鼠的致病性。结果显示,获得1株H1N1亚型病毒[命名为A/swine/Henan/NY20/2018（H1N1）]。遗传进化表明,其HA和NA基因属于欧亚类禽H1N1分支,PB2、PB1、PA、NP和M基因属于2009甲型H1N1分支,NS基因属于经典H1N1分支。HA蛋白的裂解位点序列为PSIQSR↓GL,具有低致病性流感病毒的分子特征,在小鼠肺和鼻甲有效复制并能引起肺组织病理学变化。本研究分离到1株3源重排H1N1亚型病毒,对小鼠呈现一定致病力,提示应进一步加强对SIV的监测。     

工厂化猪场不同猪群死亡率与季节的关系初探

通过对哺乳仔猪群、保育群、育成群各月死亡率的统计分析发现,冬季低温对哺乳仔猪群、保育群死亡率的影响远远大于夏季高温的影响。冬季低温对保育群的死亡率影响最大,而对育成群几乎没有影响。夏季高温对不同猪群的死亡率有不同程度的影响力。不同猪群对温度反应的快慢、强度及持续期各不相同。     

混料设计在辣椒不同类型氮肥配比试验研究中的应用

采用田间试验,研究了混料设计中的单形重心设计在辣椒控释尿素、普通尿素配肥上的应用,测定了辣椒的产量及其构成,配置了各因子的产量回归方程,解析寻优,对肥料效应及经济效益进行了分析.结果表明,三种氮肥比例为普通尿素U=0.20～0.30,控释尿素D60(控释期60天)=0.40～0.60,控释尿素D30(控释期30天)=0.20～0.40(换算为纯氮实际用量U=150.0～225.0 kg/hm2,D60=300.0～450.0 kg/hm2,D30=150.0～300.0 kg/hm2)的方案,预测最高产量可达85.0 t/hm2.控释尿素D30-D60两者配合施用、普通尿素与控释尿素D30-D60三者配合施用均能显著提高辣椒产量,比普通尿素分别增产24.40、28.26 t/hm2,增产率分别为42.0%和49.0%,产量差异均达极显著水平.施肥效应以D30-D60混合最高,为20.88 t/hm2,达极显著水平.经济效益分析表明,U-D30-D60处理施肥利润为2.440万元/hm2,氮素利用率最高,为60.1%.普通尿素与两种控释尿素按一定比例混合施用有利于提高辣椒产量和增加农民的经济收入.     

简阳大耳羊繁殖性能研究

利用简阳大耳羊新品种世代选育过程中的系统资料,对简阳大耳羊繁殖性能进行了系统研究。结果表明：简阳大耳羊发情周期平均20.66 d,发情持续期平均48.52 h,妊娠期平均148.76 d;母羊全年均可繁殖配种、产羔,全年产羔仍然遵循＂春配秋产、秋配春产＂的规律;四世代初产母羊平均产羔率153.51%,经产母羊242.41%;年均产羔1.75只;四世代公羔平均初生重3.10 kg,母羔平均初生重2.95 kg。表明简阳大耳羊具有多胎、多羔,常年发情产羔,羔羊初生重较大,繁殖性能好的优良特性。     

赣北二化螟卵寄生蜂寄生率动态及其对景观结构的响应

为探索南方稻区二化螟卵寄生蜂生防功能、评估卵寄生蜂在田间寄生动态并探讨对不同景观结构的响应,本文采用对比盆栽稻株叶片载卵、离体新鲜稻叶载卵和滤纸卵卡比对二化螟卵寄生蜂寄生率差异;利用盆栽稻株叶片载卵调查卵寄生蜂在稻田中的寄生率季节动态变化;在5月初、7月初和9月初分别调查了在不同景观样点二化螟卵寄生蜂寄生率,对不同空间尺度下（0.2,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 km）景观变量与卵寄生率进行模型分析,评估不同景观变量对卵寄生率的影响。结果表明,三种诱集方法差异显著,盆栽稻株叶片载二化螟卵被寄生的比率最高,其次为离体新鲜稻叶,滤纸卵卡效果最差。田间寄生动态调查表明,早稻卵被寄生比率偏低,中稻寄生率较高,在7月中旬二化螟卵被寄生率达到高峰（66.7%）,8月下旬以后,晚稻寄生率逐步下降。对不同空间尺度下景观结构变量与卵寄生率分析表明,1.5 km尺度下的林地与二化螟卵寄生蜂有着密切关系。低于40%林地面积比例时,二化螟卵寄生蜂寄生率随林地面积增加而降低;而在高于40%林地面积比例时,二化螟卵寄生率随林地面积增加而增加。综上所述,对于中国南方的小规模稻田景观,林地比例与二化螟卵寄生率有关,但相关效应并非单一地增加或减少的线性响应。研究结果可为南方稻区二化螟卵寄生蜂提供简便、有效的评估方法,并为综合利用二化螟卵寄生蜂控害功能,发展二化螟生防策略提供参考依据。     

微贮对秸秆在瘤胃NDF降解率的影响

试验采用3个重复对比设计，将玉米，小麦和稻草秸秆的微贮样与原样放置在永久瘘管牛体内，分别在6．12、24．36、48和72小时时间点取出样本进行NDF降解率试验测定分析，结果：秸秆处理样NDF在各个时间点的NDF瞬间降解率和有效降解率均极显著优于原样（P＞0．01）而玉米秸秆处理样与小麦和稻草处理样相比差异不显著（P＞0．05）。     

Comparison of the effects of propofol or alfaxalone for anaesthesia induction and maintenance on respiration in cats

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of propofol and alfaxalone on respiration in cats.Study designRandomized, ‘blinded’, prospective clinical trial.AnimalsTwenty cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.MethodsAfter premedication with medetomidine 0.01 mg kg⁻¹ intramuscularly and meloxicam 0.3 mg kg⁻¹ subcutaneously, the cats were assigned randomly into two groups: group A (n = 10) were administered alfaxalone 5 mg kg⁻¹ minute⁻¹ followed by 10 mg kg⁻¹ hour⁻¹ intravenously (IV) and group P (n = 10) were administered propofol 6 mg kg⁻¹ minute⁻¹ followed by 12 mg kg⁻¹hour⁻¹ IV for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, respectively. After endotracheal intubation, the tube was connected to a non-rebreathing system delivering 100% oxygen. The anaesthetic maintenance drug rate was adjusted (± 0.5 mg kg⁻¹ hour⁻¹) every 5 minutes according to a scoring sheet based on physiologic variables and clinical signs. If apnoea > 30 seconds, end-tidal carbon dioxide (Pe′CO₂) > 7.3 kPa (55 mmHg) or arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO₂) < 90% occurred, manual ventilation was provided. Methadone was administered postoperatively. Data were analyzed using independent-samples t-tests, Fisher's exact test, linear mixed-effects models and binomial test.ResultsManual ventilation was required in two and eight of the cats in group A and P, respectively (p = 0.02). Two cats in both groups showed apnoea. Pe′CO₂ > 7.3 kPa was recorded in zero versus four and SpO₂ < 90% in zero versus six cats in groups A and P respectively. Induction and maintenance dose rates (mean ± SD) were 11.6 ± 0.3 mg kg⁻¹ and 10.7 ± 0.8 mg kg⁻¹ hour⁻¹ for alfaxalone and 11.7 ± 2.7 mg kg⁻¹ and 12.4 ± 0.5 mg kg⁻¹ hour⁻¹ for propofol.Conclusion and clinical relevanceAlfaxalone had less adverse influence on respiration than propofol in cats premedicated with medetomidine. Alfaxalone might be better than propofol for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia when artificial ventilation cannot be provided.