禽肉嫩度检测方法的探讨

针对目前禽肉品质检测中嫩度测定方法的多元化和检测数据的不可比性,就检测方法、采样方法以及影响检测结果的诸多因素进行一系列对比试验,结果发现熟样比生样检测结果要稳定,取样的准确性和剪切方向对检测结果影响显著.     

GM-CSF induces human vascular endothelial cells to form vessel-like structure and the role of VEGF

AIM: To investigate the influence of GM-CSF on human vascular endothelial cells induced to form new blood vessels and the role of VEGF. METHODS: HUVECs were cultured by Matrigel to set up a stable angiogenesis system with the stimulating factors. The rhGM-CSF concentration-dependent and time-dependent effects and the role of VEGF165 were detected. CD34 was measured by immunochemical staining and numbers of vessel formation was calculated under microscopic observation. RESULTS: After treatment with rhGM-CSF at various concentrations and at different time points, the numbers of vessel formation increased in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. In the presence of VEGF165, the numbers of vessel formation increased evidently. CONCLUSION: HUVECs were induced to develop tubular structure in vitro cultured with Matrigel. GM-CSF promotes human vascular endothelial cells to form vessel-like structure in vitro in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. VEGF also in vitro promotes human vascular endothelial cells to form new vessel-like structure.     

Adaptive conjoint analysis to determine perceived risk factors of farmers, veterinarians and AI technicians for introduction of BHV1 to dairy farms

A study was carried out to determine the possibility of a more-closed farming system for (Dutch) dairy farms. The objective of the study was to provide effective and economically profitable management advice for improving the animal-health status of farms. Management measures will only be successfully applied if supported by farmers and their advisors (such as veterinarians). Therefore, the perception of farmers and advisors of the importance of various risk factors for the introduction of diseases to a farm was determined by using bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV1) as an example.

As part of the study, an evening-long workshop was organized and run thrice. In total, 49 farmers, veterinarians and AI technicians participated in these workshops. The computerized questionnaire technique was based on adaptive conjoint analysis (ACA). ACA has the advantage that participants can work with a large number of risk factors in a relatively short period of time. Another advantage of ACA (compared with standard questionnaires) is that the answers from each participant can be checked with regard to consistency with respect to the importance assigned to them. Data from participants with inconsistent responses can be excluded from further analyses. The results of the ACA interview were compared with the risk factors reported in the literature as being associated with BHV1 status (e.g. purchase of cattle, participation in cattle shows) and with farmers' actual management to prevent the introduction of diseases.

The workshop participants were all operating in the dairy sector and they seemed well aware of the risk of direct animal contacts for the introduction of BHV1. Farmers thought visitors to be more risky than did AI technicians and (especially) veterinarians. Farmers who purchased cattle or participated in cattle shows were of the opinion that the risks of direct animal contacts were more important than did farmers who were not involved in those practices. Farmers whose farms were BHV1-positive (and participated in cattle shows more often) thought the risk of participation smaller than did farmers with BHV1-negative farms.     

反刍动物采食量的概念与研究方法

本研究对反刍家畜采食量的研究发展与现状进行了回顾与总结,采食量及其相关术语的定义主要基于饲草料或家畜,其测定方法和精确含义有差异;反刍家畜采食是由生物和非生物因素相互作用共同影响的复杂动态过程,采食量影响因子主要分为家畜的(胃肠蠕动力、选择性采食等)、饲草料的(粗纤维含量、抗营养成分等)和饲养条件的(草层结构、草地饮水点分布等)因素3个方面;采食量的测定方法有基于牧草测定的直接法和基于家畜测定的间接法,后者较多地应用于放牧家畜;预测方法有基于数学函数和生物学原理的模型法,基于消化试验的经验法和结合家畜属性的改进经验法。舍饲条件下可准确地测定和预测家畜的采食量,但对放牧家畜还没有精确的方法。通过测定与饲草水平密切相关的家畜尿液、血液或粪便中的代谢物水平将成为预测放牧家畜采食量的准确方法。     

树干径向变化对茎液流以及气象因子的响应

应用改进的SF-L型热扩散式树液流测定装置和DC型植物生长测量仪,结合北京2007年6-10月的气象数据,探讨了北京山区油松、侧柏树干茎周长动态因素与液流速率和气象因子之间的相关关系,并运用树木径向变化周期分段法将树木径向生长量从径向变化过程中分离开,结果表明:(1)油松、侧柏茎周长变化与液流速率的关系显著(P<0.01),油松为正相关,侧柏为负相关.(2)空气水汽压亏缺、日温差、空气湿度和日照时数与油松、侧柏茎周长变化关系显著,但在回归拟合过程中侧柏的解释因子只有空气水汽压亏缺和日平均风速,且解释程度比较低(0.356).(3)油松、侧柏茎周长生长量的拟合水平较高,且影响气象因子相同,侧柏的液流速率也成为解释因子之一.水汽压亏缺、空气温湿度、日照时数、土壤水势和风速对树木的生长起到决定性的作用.     

祁连山南麓地区岩羊死因分析初报

2006年2月18～23日位于祁连山南麓天峻县的生格乡地区，先后有20多只岩羊突然死亡。通过对捕获岩羊的临床检查、栖息地调查和对其周围牧户的访问结果表明：岩羊在短时间大量死亡是多种病原体和作为应激源气候因子（大雪、大风和强烈的太阳光直接照射和雪地反射）的联合作用导致岩羊患传染性角膜结膜炎病失明而从悬崖处摔死的结果，而人类活动导致的生境破碎化加剧了本病的发生、流行和患病动物的死亡。     

一串红良种繁育技术的研究

应2008奥运会的需求,象征中国喜庆的红色花卉的繁育成为热点。本文提出一串红的良种繁育制度和种子生产技术规程,并以新品种的良种繁育为核心,开展了相关研究,以供良种的繁育。     

葡萄香气物质研究进展

摘要：香气是评价葡萄及其加工品品质的重要指标之一,它构成了葡萄的特征风味。通过了解葡萄果实的香气组成,可以鉴别出葡萄的成熟度及其品种特性,从而为提高葡萄的风味及葡萄的遗传育种工作服务。葡萄果实中香气物质成分有酯、醇、醛、酮、萜类化合物等,这些化合物在葡萄果实中的含量以及它们的性质都对葡萄的香气品质起着决定性的作用。本文介绍了葡萄果实中香气物质成分及存在形式,综述了葡萄果实中多种香气的合成途径及其影响因素。     

环境因子对春季大棚早熟苋菜部分品质性状的影响

研究了塑料大棚内的光照强度、气温、地温、CO2浓度及氮肥施量5个环境因子5水平的处理组合对春季早熟苋菜栽培营养品质与外观品质的影响。结果表明,苋菜体内硝酸盐含量由低到高的次序为AB>C>D>E,其中VC含量后4者比处理A分别减少了11.7%,18.4%,31.3%和32.4%,在处理A、B内,随氮肥水平提高VC含量增加,其余处理氮水平间变化不大。花青素含量分别减少了18.6%,23.5%,39.2%和52.9%,在各处理内随氮水平提高而增加,变化幅度较大。不同处理粗纤维和还原糖含量变化呈现相同趋势:B>A>C>D>E,但不同氮水平间变化趋势两者相反。光照强度显著或极显著地影响各品质指标的变化,是春季大棚早熟苋菜栽培能否获得优质的首要因子。综合评判各环境因子组合,B组(0网1膜,平均光强17 800 lx,地温21.2℃,气温23.5℃和CO2浓度1 500μmol/mol)在施氮水平为N5(300 kg/hm2)时,可以实现苋菜的优质栽培。     

固相微萃取技术在食用植物油分析中的应用

介绍了固相微萃取(SPME)技术的装置device、原理、萃取模式、影响因素、技术特点和应用范围;概述了SPME技术在植物油溶剂残留、香气组分分析、污染物的测定以及评估植物油氧化程度或氧化稳定性中的应用.