L型结构木材中声发射信号传播特征

针对木材结构尺寸及介质改变对应变能传播的影响,研究应力波在变结构的L型试件中的声发射（acoustic emission,AE）特性。首先,参照ASTM-E976标准,在樟子松L型试件表面不同位置产生AE源,并利用采样频率为500 kHz的AE采集系统获取试件表面4个固定位置的AE信号。其次,依据小波分析原理对原始AE信号进行降噪并重构AE波形,进而研究木材结构变化对AE信号频域特征的影响。最后,基于对比分析,研究空气介质对于信号传播特性的影响。结果表明,当AE源位于锯材处时,信号以纵波和横波混合的形式单向传播,木材的结构变化主要影响低频信号成分,使得信号呈现高频带分布;而空气介质对于其时频域均有显著影响;当AE源位于薄板时,木材结构变化、传播路径及空气介质对于AE信号时频域特性均有显著影响。     

基于小波神经网络的穆棱河作物生育期径流预测

为提高研究精度,在基本的小波神经网络基础上改变隐含层节点数选取方法,降低基本方法随机性和盲目性。将改进的小波网络与人工神经网络进行对比分析。结果表明,小波神经网络改进方法更适合穆棱河流域径流预测。     

Climatic oscillations and tuna catch rates in the Indian Ocean: a wavelet approach to time series analysis

We analysed the influence of climatic oscillations [based on the Indian Oscillation Index (IOI)] on monthly catch rates of two tropical tuna species in the equatorial Indian Ocean. We carried out wavelet analysis, an efficient method of time series analysis to study non‐stationary data. Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) of bigeye tuna was computed from Japanese longline statistics from 1955 to 2002 in the equatorial Indian Ocean and CPUE of yellowfin tuna was derived from industrial purse seine statistics from 1984 to 2003 in the Western Indian Ocean. Wavelet analyses allowed us to quantify both the pattern of variability in the time series and non‐stationary associations between tuna and climatic signals. Phase analyses were carried out to investigate dependency between the two signals. We reported strong associations between tuna and climate series for the 4‐ and 5‐yr periodic modes, i.e. the periodic band of the El Niño Southern Oscillation signal propagation in the Indian Ocean. These associations were non‐stationary, evidenced from 1970 to 1990 for bigeye, and from 1984 to 1991 and then from 1993 to 2001 for yellowfin. Warm episodes (low negative IOI values) matched increases of longline catch rates of bigeye during the 1970–1990 time frame, whereas the strong 1997–1998 warm event matched a decrease of purse seine catch rates of yellowfin. We discussed these results in terms of changes in catchability for purse seine and longline.     

1952—2017年出山店水库上游降水时空变化

为了探究出山店水库上游流域近65 a来降水的时空变化特征,基于出山店水库上游流域13个雨量站1952—2017年的逐日降水资料,运用气候倾向率法、Mann-Kendall趋势检验、Morlet小波分析和反距离权重IDW插值法等多种方法,研究了降水的年际变化、周期性与空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)流域1952—2017年多年平均降水量为1 028.3 mm,年降水量的气候倾向率为-20 mm/10 a(p<0.05),呈显著下降趋势,从季节上看,春、夏、冬降水随时间变化呈现减少趋势,秋季的降水呈现增加趋势;(2)年降水量呈现南高北低的空间分布,而年降水量的气候倾向率的变化趋势则与之相反;(3)流域降水量变化呈现20 a左右的第一主周期,同时流域的周期性变化也存在一定的空间分布特征。近65 a来,出山店水库上游年降水量变化趋势为先增加后减少,在整个时间域上有显著的下降趋势,并呈现20 a左右的周期性变化。     

Analysis of Spectral Characteristics Based on Optical Remote Sensing and SAR Image Fusion

Because of cloudy and rainy weather in south China, optical remote sens-ing images often can＇t be obtained easily. With the regional trial results in Baoying, Jiangsu province, this paper explored the fusion model and effect of ENVISAT/SAR and HJ-1A satel ite multispectral remote sensing images. Based on the ARSIS strat-egy, using the wavelet transform and the Interaction between the Band Structure Model （IBSM）, the research progressed the ENVISAT satel ite SAR and the HJ-1A satel ite CCD images wavelet decomposition, and low/high frequency coefficient re-construction, and obtained the fusion images through the inverse wavelet transform. In the light of low and high-frequency images have different characteristics in differ-ent areas, different fusion rules which can enhance the integration process of self-adaptive were taken, with comparisons with the PCA transformation, IHS transfor-mation and other traditional methods by subjective and the corresponding quantita-tive evaluation. Furthermore, the research extracted the bands and NDVI values around the fusion with GPS samples, analyzed and explained the fusion effect. The results showed that the spectral distortion of wavelet fusion, IHS transform, PCA transform images was 0.101 6, 0.326 1 and 1.277 2, respectively and entropy was 14.701 5, 11.899 3 and 13.229 3, respectively, the wavelet fusion is the highest. The method of wavelet maintained good spectral capability, and visual effects while improved the spatial resolution, the information interpretation effect was much better than other two methods.     

红外光谱结合聚类分析鉴别青海枸杞产地

采用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对枸杞样品产地模式进行鉴别.用常规预处理方法和小波变换法对红外光谱原始数据进行了预处理,利用聚类分析对已预处理后的红外光谱数据进行分析.聚类分析将12份样品聚为枸杞主产地和非主产地两大类,取得了较满意的分类效果.红外光谱法结合聚类分析法可作为枸杞产域分类鉴别的一种新的适用方法.     

复叶中小叶主叶脉及其生长角的提取

复叶中小叶的生长角度可作为特征参数识别复叶植物。首先利用改进的Sobel算子和中值滤波提取复叶叶轴和小叶的主叶脉,进而利用Hough变换线性检测获取复叶叶轴和小叶主叶脉的直线,利用所检测的直线计算得到小叶的生长角度。此外,对基于Hough变换线性检测的适用性进行探讨,发现Hough变换线性检测可以很好地适用于小叶主叶脉呈直线的复叶;但对于小叶主叶脉呈现弯曲状时,Hough变换线性检测时会出现明显的缺陷,需要采用外接矩形方法提取小叶的生长角度。提取结果表明,所采用的算法可以有效地提取复叶中小叶的生长角度。     

基于Daubechies小波分析的汽车电控发动机失火故障诊断信息提取

采用Daubechies （dbN）小波分析方法,对汽车电控发动机的瞬时转速信号进行降噪处理与分析.应用Matlab中的一维小波分析函数,对汽车电控发动机瞬时转速信号进行不同阶数和层数的拟合效果分析,并确定出使原始转速信号失真较小的拟合消失矩阶数（10阶）和层数（3层）;基于发动机瞬时转速的平均值M、瞬时转速的标准差Sd、变异系数作为特征值以及发动机转速数据频率分布图的特点,对电控发动机产生失火状态的故障识别的明显性进行比较.研究结果表明,常用的发动机失火故障的诊断仅是利用断缸法识别转速的变化,而采用dbN小波分析方法可以有效的提取明显表征电控发动机失火故障状态的变异系数及发动机转速数值主频分布特点等信息,可进一步增强对失火故障的识别程度和诊断的准确性.     

河北省三大棉区气候周期及突变特征分析

利用河北省棉区1961—2010年15个站点逐日气象资料,分析了河北省不同棉区气候周期振荡及突变点,结果表明：不同棉区棉花全生育期气温、降水、日照均存在多个时间尺度的周期变化特征,交替现象明显;全生育期平均气温年代际以及年际主要周期：冀南、冀中棉区为20～22 a、9～10 a、5～7 a,冀东棉区为22～24 a、11～14 a,全生育期平均气温升高明显,在1996年发生了突变,转入气温相对较高期。全生育期降水主要周期：冀南棉区为14～15 a,冀中、冀东棉区为22～24 a、8～10 a。全生育期日照存在9～10 a振荡周期,且1986年前后发生突变,转入相对偏少期。     

Assessment of plastic ingestion by pole-caught pelagic predatory fish from O'ahu,Hawai'i

1. Although the frequency of occurrence of plastic ingestion in the large-sized dolphinfish and tunas taken by the Hawai'i longline fishery is very low (frequency of occurrence < 5% of sampled individuals), the ingestion of plastic in smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line gear by commercial and recreational fishers has not been investigated.
2. This study examined ingestion of >0.25 mm marine plastic debris (MPD) by four predatory fish species caught by commercial fishers around the Main Hawaiian Islands, and documented ingestion in three species: 85.7% of albacore tuna (n = 7), 40.0% of skipjack tuna (n = 10) and 12.5% of dolphinfish (n = 8).
3. Yellowfin tuna (n = 10) did not contain any MPD, probably owing to the high proportion of empty stomachs (60%).
4. For skipjack tuna, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was significantly higher for the smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line (40%), compared with the larger-sized specimens caught with longlines (0%).
5. For dolphinfish, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was similar for the similar-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line and with longlines.
6. The ingested MPD items were micro–meso plastics, between 1 and 25 mm. While most ingested items were fragments, albacore also ingested line and skipjack also ingested sheets.
7. The predatory fishes ingested light MPD items that float in sea water, but there were species-specific differences in their polymer composition: albacore contained more polypropylene and polyethylene, and skipjack contained more elastomers, characterized by a high percentage of ester plasticizers.
8. Altogether, these results suggest that albacore and skipjack tunas ingest plastic of different types and polymers. Yet more research is needed to understand how differences in vertical distribution, foraging ecology and diet influence the MPD sampled by these predatory fish species.