Assessment of plastic ingestion by pole-caught pelagic predatory fish from O'ahu,Hawai'i

1. Although the frequency of occurrence of plastic ingestion in the large-sized dolphinfish and tunas taken by the Hawai'i longline fishery is very low (frequency of occurrence < 5% of sampled individuals), the ingestion of plastic in smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line gear by commercial and recreational fishers has not been investigated.
2. This study examined ingestion of >0.25 mm marine plastic debris (MPD) by four predatory fish species caught by commercial fishers around the Main Hawaiian Islands, and documented ingestion in three species: 85.7% of albacore tuna (n = 7), 40.0% of skipjack tuna (n = 10) and 12.5% of dolphinfish (n = 8).
3. Yellowfin tuna (n = 10) did not contain any MPD, probably owing to the high proportion of empty stomachs (60%).
4. For skipjack tuna, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was significantly higher for the smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line (40%), compared with the larger-sized specimens caught with longlines (0%).
5. For dolphinfish, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was similar for the similar-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line and with longlines.
6. The ingested MPD items were micro–meso plastics, between 1 and 25 mm. While most ingested items were fragments, albacore also ingested line and skipjack also ingested sheets.
7. The predatory fishes ingested light MPD items that float in sea water, but there were species-specific differences in their polymer composition: albacore contained more polypropylene and polyethylene, and skipjack contained more elastomers, characterized by a high percentage of ester plasticizers.
8. Altogether, these results suggest that albacore and skipjack tunas ingest plastic of different types and polymers. Yet more research is needed to understand how differences in vertical distribution, foraging ecology and diet influence the MPD sampled by these predatory fish species.

     

拖拉机驾驶员颈部疲劳的肌电评价

为了了解拖拉机驾驶员颈部疲劳状况,该文在模拟拖拉机倒车作业的基础上,对驾驶员颈部胸锁乳突肌的表面肌电信号进行了测试,选取积分肌电值、平均功率频率、小波分解系数等特征量对肌电信号进行时域、频域以及时频域分析。结果表明：拖拉机驾驶员颈部疲劳后胸锁乳突肌的积分肌电值、平均功率频率、小波分解系数都降低,疲劳前后各特征量存在显著性差异（P＜0.05）,这些特征量都可以有效评价拖拉机驾驶员的颈部疲劳。     

水稻锌污染胁迫的光谱奇异性分析

通过研究锌污染胁迫下水稻的光谱奇异性特征来诊断水稻锌污染水平。根据试验区水稻各个生长期的ASD实测高光谱数据和同步获取的作物与农田土壤重金属含量2 a田间试验数据,利用Daubechies小波系中的“Db5”小波函数对锌污染胁迫水稻的350～1 300 nm光谱波段进行5层小波分解,并利用奇异范围、奇异幅度和奇异指数等参数对水稻光谱奇异性进行定量计算与分析。结果表明,“Db5”小波函数分解的第5层小波系数能精准探测水稻光谱的奇异性,其奇异范围集中在480～850 nm波段范围;奇异幅度从出苗期到分蘖期迅速增加,并达到最大值,在随后的分蘖期→拔节期→开花期→成熟期逐渐减少;奇异指数从出苗期→分蘖期→拔节期→开花期→成熟期逐渐增加;水稻叶片锌含量与奇异幅度及奇异指数之间存在较强的相关关系,其决定系数（R2）为0.8445,均方根误差 （RMSE）为5.60。光谱奇异性能有效地诊断并定量分析水稻锌污染胁迫状况,从而为作物重金属污染胁迫监测提供重要参考。     

基于小波变换和神经网络的短期风电功率预测方法

随着并网风电场规模的不断增大,为保证电力系统运行的稳定性、合理制定调度计划、提高风电场在发电市场的竞争力,需要对短期风电功率进行准确地预测。该文提出一种小波变换和神经网络理论相结合的综合预测方法,将历史风电功率序列和历史风速序列分别进行小波单尺度分解,得到对应的概貌功率、细节功率和概貌风速、细节风速;然后用概貌功率和概貌风速序列训练BP神经网络,预测未来的概貌功率;用细节功率和细节风速序列训练BP神经网络,预测未来的细节功率。在此基础上,将概貌功率和细节功率叠加,得到最终预测结果。对我国某风电场的实际数据     

基于小波融合的泉州市QuickBird影像绿地信息提取

以2006年泉州市部分QuickBird多光谱影像与全色影像为实验区数据基础，在遥感软件ERDASIMAGINE9．2平台支持下，应用小波融合算法及融合规则实现QuickBird融合处理，在此基础上进行归一化植被指数（NDVI）运算，通过人机交互式提取得到实验区5种主要的绿地类型：公园绿地、生产绿地、防护绿地、附属绿地及其他绿地．结果表明：1）QuickBird多光谱影像、全色影像的信息熵分别为3．975，4．162，而QuickBird融合影像的信息熵为7．251，明显高于前两者，融合后空间信息更丰富；2）QuickBird融合影像的平均梯度是3．328，多光谱影像、全色影像分别是1．552，2．965，融合影像纹理特征更明显；3）QuickBird融合影像与多光谱影像的偏差是0．0359，全色影像的偏差为0．0562，均接近于0，小波融合影像较好地保持了源图像的光谱特性；4）绿地信息分类提取的精度为89．6％，趋近90％．     

磷影响大豆根系分泌有机酸总量和不同根区有机酸量

采用营养液培养的方法,设置由无磷转化为供磷(0-50)和由供磷转换为无磷(50-0)2个处理,分析了磷转换处理对不同根区有机酸的影响.结果表明:大豆生长对磷素的需求非常迫切,50-0处理根系可溶性磷含量相对较高,而0-50处理地上部可溶性磷含量相对较高;50-0处理根系有机酸分泌量较0-50处理大,而且分泌量随着距离根...     

一种多尺度纹理主频的检测与分割

介绍了一种对含有多种纹理结构的图像的纹理主频检测——香农小波包分解的纹理主频检测 ,然后利用 Gabor滤波器确定主频 ,最后应用边缘提取实现纹理分割     

应用拉普拉斯变换推导峰电流与极限电流的关系

利用拉普拉斯变换实验所得结果，推导出内场致发射电极应用在线性电势扫描法中峰电流与极限电流的关系，为进一步研究提供了定量的依据。     

一种高效低功耗JPEG2000小波变换器的设计

提出了一种高效低功耗的JPEG2000小波变换器的硬件结构,减小了二维离散小波变换器(2-D DWT)中暂存器的大小,降低了存储器的平均访问带宽,有效减小了芯片的面积和功耗.整个设计通过了FPGA验证,并采用HJTC 0.18μm工艺库进行了芯片设计.试验结果表明,片内暂存器的面积和功耗比普通方法分别减小了54.5%和61.4%.