辣椒胞质雄性不育分子生物学研究进展

文中对辣椒胞质雄性不育的来源、分子标记、基因分布和定位、基因克隆和表达等方面的最新进展进行了综述,并对分子生物学在辣椒胞质雄性不育方面的应用前景进行了展望。     

根癌农杆菌介导的‘魏可’葡萄遗传转化体系的优化

以‘魏可’葡萄离体叶片为外植体,利用植物表达载体上含有卡那霉素抗性基因(nptⅡ)的根癌农杆菌LBA4404(pCAMBIA2301)对影响‘魏可’葡萄遗传转化效率的因素进行系统研究。结果表明,最佳农杆菌介导‘魏可’葡萄遗传转化体系为农杆菌侵染4 min,共培养3 d,卡那霉素质量浓度5 mg·L-1,羧苄青霉素质量浓度200 mg·L-1。采用此体系对‘魏可’葡萄进行转化,共获得9株抗性苗。利用GUS组织化学染色、PCR扩增的方法检测,结果表明,有4株通过了PCR检测,1株通过了RT-PCR检测,初步证明nptⅡ基因已经整合进入‘魏可’葡萄基因组中。将PCR产物回收,经测序验证nptⅡ基因完全整合进入‘魏可’葡萄基因组中。对CK及经PCR检测呈阳性的株系进行卡那霉素抗性鉴定,发现PCR呈阳性的株系均比CK抗Kan的能力明显增强。     

谷斑皮蠹与黑斑皮蠹的分子鉴定

本文首次报道了可用于谷斑皮蠹(Trogoderma granarium)和黑斑皮蠹(Trogoderma glabrum)种间鉴定的线粒体CO Ⅰ基因部分标记序列(883bp),两条序列在GenBank数据库的登录号分别为FJ589736和FJ589737.     

Identification of specific serum biomarkers in gastric adenocarcinoma patients

AIM: To screen the possible serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) was used to screen the serum samples from 109 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma and 106 control subjects (60 healthy subjects, 30 patients with chronic superficial gastritis and 16 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis). The differentially-expressed protein peaks were selected and isolated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and processed with enzyme before liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The data mining was performed with software Xcalibur program component Bioworks 3.2. RESULTS: Three differentially-expressed protein peaks were selected as potential serum biomarkers of gastric adenocarcinoma patients.The m/z peak at 5 906.5 showed the increase (8.53±4.33 in cancer group, and 0.88±0.31 in control group). The m/z peaks at 6 635.7 and 8 716.3 showed the decrease (6.54±2.44 and 0.93 ± 0.29, respectively, in cancer group and 17.56±4.43 and 2.16±0.98, respectively, in control group, P<0.01). The 3 m/z peaks were identified as fibrinogen α-chain, apolipoprotein A-II and apolipoprotein CI,respectively. The combined use of the 3 biomarkers distinguished the samples in the cancer patients out of the controls at a sensitivity of 93.85% (61/65) and a specificity of 94.34% (50/53). CONCLUSION: The fibrinogen α-chain, apolipoprotein A-II and apolipoprotein CI identified as potential markers for gastric adenocarcinoma show diagnostic values in clinical application.     

Using vibrational molecular spectroscopy to detect moist heating induced carbohydrates structure changes in cool-climate adapted barley grain

There is limited research to study how moist heating affects internal structure of barley grain on a molecular basis. The objectives of this study were to use vibrational molecular spectroscopy: 1) to determine the moist heating induced changes of barley carbohydrate (CHO) structure on a molecular basis, 2) to study the effects of moist heating on CHO chemical profiles, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) subfractions, in situ rumen degradation, and predicted intestinal carbohydrate supply of barley grain; and 3) to reveal the association between molecular structure spectral features and CHO related metabolic characteristics. Barley samples (CDC cowboy) were collected from Kernen Crop Research Farm (Saskatoon, Canada) during two consecutive years. Half of each sample was kept as raw barley and the other half underwent moist heating (autoclaving at 120 °C for 60 min). The molecular spectroscopy (attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared, ATR-FTIR) was used to detect the barley CHO related molecular structure spectral features. Moist heating did not affect carbohydrate related chemical profiles and CNCPS subfractions but it decreased rumen degradable carbohydrate. Rumen undegradable and intestinal digestion of CHO subfractions were not affected by moist heating. The advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopy can be used to detect carbohydrate molecular spectral features. Nutrient utilization prediction using molecular spectral characteristics is warranted and further investigation is encouraged.     

地高辛标记核酸探针的标记方法及其在食用菌研究领域的应用

综述了非放射性地高辛（DIG）标记系统的原理和主要特点，介绍了地高辛标记核酸探针的主要标记方法，影响探针标记方法选择的因素，标记探针的显色检测方法及其在食用菌研究领域的应用。     

创新实验班“分子生物学”教学改革与实践

分子生物学是生命科学最重要的基础课程,对培养生命科学类研究型拔尖人才起着关键作用。从"创新实验班"入手,浓缩讲授内容,注重理论与理论发现的整合,增设学生主题讨论,开展研究热点追踪,采用说课、启发研讨、探究讨论、"辩论性分子秀"等互动教学方式,通过改革实验课的开设与实验考核及建立多元的评价机制,激发了学生学习的浓厚兴趣,营造了独立思考、自由探索、勇于创新的良好氛围,取得很好的教学效果。     

枸杞多糖的提取分离及其组成研究

对枸杞多糖的提取分离及其组成进行了研究,结果表明:枸杞经氯仿-甲醇脱脂,水提醇沉,乙醇、丙酮和乙醚洗涤干燥,双氧水脱色,savage法除蛋白后可得枸杞多糖;高效液相色谱测定枸杞多糖分子量为:73 950～138 090 Da;枸杞多糖中单糖分别有葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖、木糖和甘露糖,其中含量较多的是葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖和半乳糖,其他单糖含量较低。     

分子水平上的适应进化

从分子进化的概念、分子进化中性论和生物大分子的适应进化(大分子结构适应方面的进化和适应进化的机制方面)论述了分子水平上适应进化的方式及其特点。     

鲮鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白酶解物分子量分布与抗氧化性的研究(英文)

[目的]为了研究鲮鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白水解物的分子量的分布及抗氧化活性。[方法]分子量分布采用分子排阻色谱法和基质辅助激光解吸附飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS),鱼皮用碱性蛋白酶2709处理。[结果]最佳水解条件为:pH 10.0、反应温度55℃、底物浓度为80 g/L、酶和底物比4%,水解时间3 h。两种方法分析水解产物的相对分子质量分布范围为400~1 800 Da,大多数胶原蛋白短肽的分子量在1 400 Da以下。[结论]结果表明,鱼皮水解物是一种潜在的抗氧化物。