资源植物藏茵陈的研究进展

本文对藏茵陈资源以及藏茵陈在分子生物学、指纹图谱、胚胎学、组织培养等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

遗传连锁方法的历史,现状与发展

本文简要介绍了遗传学当中的连锁分析方法的历史，现状及其近几十年的发展，并对这些方法的优缺点进行了评价。     

Molecular diagnosis and equine parasitology

The future implementation of improved and sustainable control strategies for the major equine parasites will be dependent on a greater insight into their basic biology, pathogenicity and epidemiology together with an enhanced ability for accurate diagnosis. This paper will provide a review of the current molecular methods under development for the detection of equine parasites and their application to current scientific questions. In particular, the strongyles are recognised as important pathogens of horses and recent advances made in the study of this parasitic group at the single species level will be addressed. The ribosomal (r)DNA region of the parasite genome has been employed to distinguish between closely related species. Molecular probes designed to this target region were used in combination with PCR technology to allow the identification of individual species within mixed infections. They have been applied to all parasite stages to look at the role of individual species in natural infection, disease and drug resistance. Similar techniques have been developed to detect other equine parasites and these will also be discussed. Further opportunities for employing existing techniques and the need for new diagnostic tools will be highlighted.     

鹿产品检测的研究进展

鹿产品是珍贵的中药材,目前市场上存在着严重的以假充真,以次充好的现象,科研工作者对鹿产品的检测做了大量的研究工作。作者回顾了近年来鹿产品检测方面的研究进展,分别从性状检测、显微检测、理化检测及分子检测等几种主要检测方法进行综述,为鹿产品检测的进一步研究提供了参考依据,同时提出了鹿产品检测中存在的问题及进一步研究方向。     

广西陆川猪和巴马香猪的分子生物学研究进展

陆川猪和巴马香猪均为产于广西被列入国家级地方品种遗传资源名录的具有优良性能的品种。近年来,深入开展地方品种猪的分子生物学基础研究已成为重点。作者现对广西陆川猪的遗传与繁殖、猪支原体肺炎病原分子致病机制,以及巴马香猪的遗传与繁殖、疾病模型方面的分子生物学研究作一综述。     

猪用发酵床的研究与应用

新型微生物发酵床养猪技术是一种新兴的无公害养猪技术,它可有效地解决猪生产中的粪便处理和环境污染问题,改善猪的福利状况,利于猪只的生长和发育,其环保性和经济性明显优于集约化,规模化养猪方式。本文介绍了微生物发酵床的概念、分类和工艺流程,讨论了其技术要点和应用效果,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

猪用发酵床的研究与应用

新型微生物发酵床养猪技术是一种新兴的无公害养猪技术,它可有效地解决猪生产中的粪便处理和环境污染问题,改善猪的福利状况,利于猪只的生长和发育,其环保性和经济性明显优于集约化,规模化养猪方式.本文介绍了微生物发酵床的概念、分类和工艺流程,讨论了其技术要点和应用效果,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

A Polymorphism in the Melanocortin 4 Receptor Gene (MC4R:c.92C>T) Is Associated with Diabetes Mellitus in Overweight Domestic Shorthaired Cats

Background

Feline diabetes mellitus (DM) shares many pathophysiologic features with human type 2 DM. Human genome‐wide association studies have identified genes associated with obesity and DM, including melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), which plays an important role in energy balance and appetite regulation.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the feline MC4R gene and to determine whether any SNPs are associated with DM or overweight body condition in cats.

Animals

Two‐hundred forty domestic shorthaired (DSH) cats were recruited for the study. Of these, 120 diabetics were selected (60 overweight, 60 lean), along with 120 nondiabetic controls (60 overweight and 60 lean). Males and females were equally represented.

Methods

A prospective case‐control study was performed. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and used as template for PCR amplification of the feline MC4R gene. The coding region of the gene was sequenced in 10 cats to identify polymorphisms. Subsequently, genotyping by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis assessed MC4R:c.92C > T allele and genotype frequencies in each group of cats.

Results

No significant differences in MC4R:c.92C>T allele or genotype frequencies were identified between nondiabetic overweight and lean cats. In the overweight diabetic group, 55% were homozygous for the MC4R:c.92C allele, compared to 33% of the lean diabetics and 30% of the nondiabetics. The differences between the overweight diabetic and the nondiabetics were significant (P < .01).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

We identified a polymorphism in the coding sequence of feline MC4R that is associated with DM in overweight DSH cats, similar to the situation in humans.     

匍匐翦股颖害虫禾灰翅夜蛾生物学习性研究

禾灰翅夜蛾是一种多食性害虫,可危害匍匐翦股颖草坪草。本试验结合室内饲养法,对禾灰翅夜蛾在匍匐翦股颖草上的发生危害和生长发育情况进行了系统的观察研究。结果表明, 禾灰翅夜蛾幼虫取食匍匐翦股颖草的叶片及嫩茎,可对匍匐翦股颖草坪草造成毁灭性的损害;雌蛹的体重明显大于雄蛹的体重。在广州,禾灰翅夜蛾的最高产卵量为251粒/雌蛾,平均产卵量为54.6粒/雌蛾,卵块产。     

鸡沙门氏菌脉冲场凝胶电泳分型研究

为应用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)从分子水平上对禽源沙门氏菌之间的差别进行分析和研究,本研究采用自动微生物鉴定仪对12株疑似鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和15株疑似鸡白痢沙门氏菌进行了鉴定.以限制性核酸内切酶Xba I对其全基因组DNA进行酶切、PFGE分型,Info Quest FP聚类分析软件对电泳结果进行分析.结果显示,共鉴定出11株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、1株圣保罗沙门氏菌、6株阿姆斯特丹沙门氏菌、5株亚拉巴马沙门氏菌、1株鸡白痢沙门氏菌、2株纽波特沙门氏菌和2株肠炎沙门氏菌,一共分为12个PFGE型.实验结果表明,江苏地区存在有不常见的沙门氏菌血清型,同种血清型之间的基因型差别较小(相似值为0.85～1),不同血清型之间差别较大(相似值为0.45～0.70).PFGE能从分子水平上对禽源沙门氏菌的基因组DNA进行分型.