库姆塔格沙漠及周边地表覆被变化监测

[目的]研究库姆塔格沙漠及周边区域地表覆被变化状况。[方法]通过遥感技术对库姆塔格沙漠及周边区域的地表覆被变化状况进行监测,并对该区1990年代、2000年代和2010年代的TM影像进行处理和分类,而后应用ArcGis软件对3期数据进行对比分析。[结果](1)该地区植被面积一直在增长,但仍然占很小比重,戈壁与裸地则占很大比重;(2)沙漠面积经历一个先增长后减少的过程,总体仍是增长;(3)湿地的稳定性最差,湿地的变动取决于水分的积聚与流失。[结论]人类已经着手改善该地生态环境,并取得一定效果。山地和库姆塔格沙漠南缘是绿化和防沙治沙的重点区域。     

Bird communities, roads and development: prospects and constraints of applying empirical models

Our objectives were to explain the prospects and constraints of applying empirical models that relate bird community metrics to broad-scale characteristics of roads and development. We explored the practical value of regression models that were derived for a large protected area in the Chihuahuan Desert. These models related bird species richness, relative abundance, or probability of occurrence to total length of roads within each of two spatial extents (1- and 2-km radii), distance to the nearest road, distance to the nearest development, or the two-way interactions of these variables. Empirical models can be used to inform conservation decisions, to parameterise simulation models for conservation planning, to identify threshold levels of road and development variables, and to determine the focus of management experiments for confirmatory hypothesis testing and improvement of model realism.     

Longterm influence of liquid sewage sludge on the organic carbon and nitrogen content of a furrow-irrigated desert soil

Summary In this study we evaluated the impact of five annual liquid sewage-sludge applications on the organic C and N content of a furrow-irrigated desert soil. Mineralization rates showed that sludge organic matter is mineralized rapidly (65% per year). Resistant residual sludge organic matter accumulation resulted in a theoretical increase in total soil organic C of 0.013% for the single sludge rate or 0.038% for three annual applications. These small additions were not detected in sludged soils at any depth to 270 cm. Similarly, increases in total soil N were not detected at any depth. However, soluble forms of organic C and N did increase in sludged soils relative to the non-sludged soils. In addition, soluble C:N ratios decreased significantly in the sludged soils. Soluble C and N also increased with depth due to leaching. This study therefore shows that applications of liquid sludge onto desert soils could affect the status of underground aquifers with respect to nitrate pollution.     

塔里木沙漠公路沿线沙丘的化学特征研究

对塔里木沙漠公路沿线不同立地类型沙丘化学性质特征进行了初步研究 ,通过分析测定 ,结果表明 :沙漠公路沿线的沙丘上 ,盐分和养分含量均差异较小 ,但普遍较低 ,盐分中主要离子平均值均小于 0 .5 0 % ,总盐均值也仅为 1.0 4 % ,而有机质均值为 5 .36 g·kg-1;pH值均在 8～ 9之间 ,基本上维持了中性偏碱的特点。     

从磴口县生态环境建设与移民工程看乌兰布和沙漠的治理与开发

磴口县沙漠治理与开发有着较长的历史和丰富的经验教训，近年来所开展的生态环境建设及移民工程，对沙漠的扰动表现出了正向与逆向两个结果。乌兰布和沙漠独特的自然环境，决定了其开发与治理必须相互依存，相辅相成，治理与开发要因地制宜，因害设防。     

载畜率对荒漠草原植物群落影响的研究

对不同载畜率下短花针茅荒漠草原植物群落特征进行比较,结果表明:不同植物种群的盖度对载畜率的响应不同,无芒隐子草盖度在轻度放牧区最大,栉叶蒿盖度在7月份、8月份分别以中度放牧区和轻度放牧区最大;短花针茅、冷蒿、阿氏旋花、细叶葱、木地肤随载畜率增大高度下降明显,猪毛菜高度在四个载畜率下差异均不显著;随着载畜率的增大,植物群落生物量呈下降趋势,且重度放牧与不放牧、轻度放牧有显著差异;随着载畜率的增大,建群种、优势种地位改变不明显,但一年生的猪毛菜重要值增大,在重度放牧区达到最大并占据优势地位;Shannon-wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou均匀度指数均以轻度放牧区最大,Shannon-wiener指数、Simpson指数均为轻度放牧>中度放牧>重度放牧>不放牧,且不放牧与轻度放牧差异显著。     

巴丹吉林-腾格里沙漠间沙丘活化带发展过程及其驱动力分析

基于1989,1999年和2007年TM/ETM＋影像,从土地利用变化的视角分析巴丹吉林-腾格里沙漠间沙丘活化带的发展过程,并探讨沙丘活化带发展的驱动因素。分析表明：①1989-2007年,研究区沙地和耕地面积增加,草地、盐碱地和沼泽地面积减少,景观破碎化程度加剧,沙地斑块质心向西北偏移,即腾格里沙漠西北缘向巴丹吉林沙...     

沙漠颗粒物对磷酸盐的吸附行为研究

研究了乌兰布和沙漠和库布齐沙漠颗粒物中的磷含量及其在黄河水体中对磷酸盐（P）的等温吸附行为。结果表明：（1）不同沙漠颗粒物中无机磷（IP）、有机磷（OP）和总磷（TP）含量有所差别,其平均值分别为257.70μg/g、42.65μg/g和312.39μg/g;（2）沙漠颗粒物对磷的吸附行为既受温度影响,也随颗粒物的种类...     

沙漠水渠人工固沙区沙篙和沙拐枣灌丛的土壤水分特征对比

在古尔班通古特沙漠引水渠沿线建植5a的人工固沙区内,选择自然生长的沙蒿和沙拐枣灌丛,依据冠幅大小设置5个水平距离梯度和4个土层深度梯度.对比研究了二者的土壤水分特征.结果表明,随土层深度的增加,两种灌丛土壤含水量均呈增加趋.,中下部2层(20～40 cm和40～60 cm)土壤含水量显著(P<0.05)高于上部2层(0...     

腾格里沙漠南缘3种优势植物种子出苗对土壤类型和沙埋的响应

沙米（Agriophyllum squarrosum）、沙蒿（Artemisia sphaerocephala）和油蒿（Artemisia ordosica）分别是腾格里沙漠南缘不同植被演替阶段的3个优势物种,2009年5～6月在大田盆栽条件下,设计了2种土壤类型和0 cm,1 cm,2 cm,3 cm,4 cm,6 ...