Simultaneous genetic evaluation of simulated mastitis susceptibility and recovery ability using a bivariate threshold sire model

The aim of this study was to develop a new approach for joint genetic evaluation of mastitis and recovery. Two mastitis incidences (0.28 and 0.95) measured via somatic cell count and three between traits genetic correlations (0.0, 0.2, and ?0.2) were simulated for daughter group sizes of 60 and 240. A transition model was applied to model transitions between healthy and disease state. The RJMC package in DMU was used to estimate (co)variances. Heritabilities were consistent with the simulated value (0.039) for susceptibility and a bit upward biased for recovery. Estimates of genetic correlations were ?0.055, 0.205, and ?0.192 for the simulated values of 0.0, 0.2, and ?0.2, respectively. For daughter group size of 60, accuracies of sire EBV ranged from 0.56 to 0.69 for mastitis and from 0.26 to 0.48 for recovery. The study demonstrated that both traits can be modeled jointly and simulated correlations could be correctly reproduced.     

高温热泵回收船舶柴油机余热的应用分析

通过分析船舶柴油机余热，说明采用高温热泵回收柴油机缸套冷却水余热的优点，并计算出可回收利用的缸套冷却水余热量；进一步分析了高温热泵回收缸套冷却水余热应满足的条件，在此基础上，确定了高温热泵的类型，给出了用于回收柴油机余热的高温热泵的系统原理图，阐述了系统的工作原理和研究中存在的难点，推荐了两种较为适宜的高温热泵工质．     

Reproductive Compensation of Cotton after Salt Stress Relief at Different Growth Stages

Differential salt sensitivity during growth stages and reproductive compensation of plants after salt stress relief are important factors for adopting appropriate irrigation strategies with saline waters. Consequently, recovery of cotton after exposure to different levels of salt stress was evaluated. An outdoor, sand culture experiment was conducted with cotton. Water salinities were 2, 10 and 20 dS m⁻¹, and the growth phases were vegetative (G1), reproductive (G2) and boll development (G3). G1 and G3 were the least and the most salt tolerant phases, respectively. The significant yield reduction in all of the saline water treatments as compared to control was mainly due to the reduction in number of bolls per plants. In general, cotton plants were capable of producing seed cotton under salt stress, as well as, after salt stress relief. However, as the salt stress severity increased the ability of cotton to compensate yield loss decreased. Irrigation of cotton at G1 stage with either moderate (10 dS m⁻¹) or high (20 dS m⁻¹) salinity waters should be avoided. Moderate saline water could be applied either at G2 or G3 stage. High salinity water can be used for irrigation only at G3 stage to produce acceptable cotton seed yield.     

Modelling stand structure in young Scots pine dominated stands

The purpose of this study was to construct models for predicting the structure of young Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands. The two-parameter Weibull function characterized the height distribution of the stands. In young stands height was preferred to dbh as a random variable because of its continuous feature. Tree diameters were predicted using a multiplicative model, fitted as a linearized mixed-effect model. The modelling data consisted of repeatedly measured Scots pine dominated juvenile stands, carried out on a sub-sample of the 7th National Forest Inventory. The data covered a dominant height range from 0.2 up to 17 m. Two independent data sets were used to validate the models. The Weibull function was fitted using the maximum likelihood method. Four methods for predicting the distributions were compared: (1) parameter prediction models (PPM) consisting of seemingly unrelated regression equations, (2) a generalized linear model (GLM) which was a one-stage distribution and model fitting procedure, (3) a hybrid method including PPM for the shape parameter together with moment-based parameter recovery for the scale parameter, and (4) inclusion of moment-based parameter recovery for the scale parameter in the estimated GLM. Goodness-of-fit were tested in terms of Kolmogorov–Smirnov and error index statistics. Parameter recovery showed no improvement when used with PPM, but it improved GLM and gave the overall best performance for this new method. The constructed diameter–height model showed quite flexible and unbiased behaviour. Models are recommended as practical tools for Finnish forest management planning purposes.     

Increased abundance of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in acidified Norwegian rivers after liming

The prevalence and abundance (density 100 m^?2) of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) were studied by means of electrofishing in 13 acidified rivers in Norway that had been limed to restore acceptable water quality for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Status of Atlantic salmon in these rivers varied prior to liming, from being entirely lost in six highly acidified rivers and in different stages of decline in seven less acidified rivers. Four of the rivers are heavily affected by hydropower development. The abundance and prevalence of European eel increased significantly during the study period. The best model for predicting eel abundance was that with four explanatory variables: time after liming, time after liming squared, status of salmon stocks and hydropower regulation. The eel density was expected to increase by a factor of almost 5 after 10 years of liming. The model also predicts that a river with a formerly reduced Atlantic salmon stock has a 2.8 times higher density of eel than rivers with formerly lost salmon stocks. Before liming, European eel were on average recorded at 15 and 41% of the sampling stations in rivers with formerly lost and reduced Atlantic salmon populations, respectively, increasing to 49 and 68% in individual rivers, respectively, after 10 years of liming. The recovery of European eel in these formerly acidified rivers by means of liming took place during the same period as their abundance declined in other parts of their distribution area in Norway and elsewhere in Europe.     

山枣(核)壳为原料制造汽油回收活性炭的研究

利用果(核)壳磷酸法制造汽油回收用活性炭的研究,目前还未见报道。选择河南资源比较多的山枣(核)壳为原料,以磷酸为活化剂,进行汽油回收活性炭的制造探索。着重就相关制造工艺参数进行研究,为这类林业副产物的高附加值利用提供参考。     

滨州市(鲁北地区)干旱气候特征及趋势分析

利用滨州市1971~2000年降水、气温、湿度等资料,解析滨州市(鲁北地区)干旱化趋势。结果表明,滨州市降水量每10年减少26mm。升温达0.03℃/a,夏秋季温度升高,其中20世纪90年代比70年代高出0.5℃以上,特别是冬季竟高出了1.4℃。这与全国乃至全球变暖趋势一致。通过对滨州1971~2000年观测资料中有关数据的计算,滨州市近30年气候变化已呈现出年降水量总体上持续降低、气温总体上持续升高,且当地水热平衡已明显呈现出新的关系和规律的状况。滨州市年湿润指数呈明显下降趋势,气候干旱化。湿润指数平均10年减少0.057,主要原因是降水量逐年减少,气温逐年上升。受其影响,蒸散量平均每10年增加26.85 mm。滨州市这种干旱化趋势与副高综合指数、副高面积和强度指数的年代际变化与极涡中心平均纬度和平均经度的年代际变化有直接关系。     

阿维菌素、哒螨酮对枸杞有效成分甜菜碱的影响

阿维菌素、哒螨酮是宁夏枸杞上防治枸杞瘿螨、枸杞锈螨最常使用的杀螨剂,本文使用水提法提取甜菜碱,并离心去除残渣,然后用紫外分光光度 法测定甜菜碱的含量,探讨阿维菌素、哒螨酮加倍剂量和推荐剂量施用后对枸杞有效成分之一-甜菜碱含量的影响。结果表明：阿维菌素、哒螨 酮施用后,甜菜碱含量动态曲线基本一致,加倍剂量处理施药后3~5 d内甜菜碱浓度达峰值,随后在6~7 d降至低于正常水平,但都在8~14 d后逐渐 恢复至对照水平;两种药剂推荐剂量处理对甜菜碱含量影响均不明显,说明农药剂量是影响甜菜碱变化的主要原因。此法回收率试验中甜菜碱的 平均回收率达98.50%。     

Optimization of enzymatic treatment of polyester fabrics by lipase from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Porcine Pancreas</Emphasis>

The aim of this study was to provide the optimum condition for improving the hydrophilicity of PET fabrics by lipase treatment. The lipase hydrolytic activity, moisture regain, and wettability of PET fabrics were measured at different pH, temperature, reaction time, and concentration. The hydrolytic activity of lipase was evaluated by the number of carboxylic groups, using the titration method. Each treatment condition was controlled by measuring the hydrolytic activity, moisture regain, and wettability. The lipase treatment condition was controlled at pH 7.5, temperature 40 °C, treatment time 90 min, and concentration 6.25 g/l. Lipase treatment was an effective method to improve the moisture regain and wettability of PET fabrics because lipase hydrolysis formed hydrophilic groups on the surface of PET fabrics. The surface of the lipase-treated PET fabrics showed cracks and voids, largely responsible for the increase in the PET’s water-related properties. The nitrogen contents of the lipase-treated PET fabrics were measured at only 0.072 %. Thus, the improvement of the surface wettability of the lipase-treated PET surface was associated with the hydrolytic action of lipase rather than with protein absorption.     

无径流和淋溶条件下钾肥利用率的研究

应用盆栽模拟试验方法,在无钾的径流和淋溶损失情况下,连续3年种植玉米,测定出广西10种土壤的钾肥利用率为79．0％～93．8％,平均为87．5％,研究结果表明,钾肥利用率与作物收获后的土壤速效钾含量呈极显著的负相关,与土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)也呈显著的负相关,土壤供钾量的估算方法对钾肥利用率的计算结果影响较大,土壤供钾量应依据种植前和收获后土壤供钾水平的改变及土壤对钾的缓冲能力来估算才符合实际情况,钾肥利用率的计算也应以此为基础。