The use of iron (III) ferrocyanide soil amendment for removing salt from the soil surface

Accelerated soil salinization is a worldwide concern. Our study was carried out to determine the effects of different rates (0, 5, 10, and 15?mmol kg^?1) of iron (III) ferrocyanide application to remove salts from the soil. Within two weeks of its application, iron (III) ferrocyanide at 5, 10, and 15?mmol?kg^?1 removed 12.2%, 26.5%, and 42.9% of the total salts from the soil, respectively. Results suggested that iron (III) ferrocyanide application at 15?mmol?kg^?1 is one of the most rapid and effective ways to remove substantial amounts of salts from undrained soil (land) where fresh water is scarce.     

Tillage-induced environmental conditions in soil and substrate limitation determine biogenic gas production

Tillage changes soil environmental conditions and controls the distribution of residues in the soil, both actions that affect the production and emission of soil biogenic gases (CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄). The objective of this study was to determine how tillage-induced environmental conditions and substrate quality affect the mineralization rate of easily metabolizable compounds and the subsequent production of these gases. Carbon compounds, with and without nitrogen, were applied to soil cropped to maize under tilled and no-till systems. Following substrate application in the spring and summer, biogenic gases were measured periodically at the soil surface (flux) and within the profile (concentration) at 10-, 20-, and 30-cm depths (i.e., within, at the bottom of, and below the plough layer). Strong CO₂ and N₂O responses to sucrose and glycine in both the field and the laboratory indicate that the soil was C- and N-limited. Surface fluxes of CO₂ and N₂O were greater in soils amended with glycine than with sucrose and were greater in tilled than no-till soils. Transient emission of CH₄ following the addition of glycine was observed and could be attributed to inhibition of N mineralization and nitrification processes on CH₄ oxidation. Laboratory and field measurements indicated that the larger substrate-induced CO₂ emission from the tilled soils could not be attributed to differences in the total biomass or the basal respiratory activity of the soils. Thus, there appears to be no underlying difference in the functional capacity of the microbial communities under different tillage regimes. Comparison of gas profiles indicates relative accumulation of CO₂ at depth in soils under no-till, as well as greater decline in profile CO₂ content with time in the tilled compared to the no-till soil. These results support the conclusion that greater CO₂ efflux from the tilled soils resulted from more rapid gas diffusion through the profile. Hence, the observed differences in gas fluxes between tilled and no-till soils can be attributed to differences in physical environment.     

土壤脲酶抑制剂正丁基硫代磷酰三胺的作用基团研究

土壤脲酶抑制剂正丁基硫代磷酰三胺(nBPT)是抑制土壤中尿素水解的最有效的化合物之一。分析大连工业大学合成的土壤脲酶抑制剂nBPT抑制脲酶活性的影响因素及作用机理,结果表明:在50°C,pH=5.91时,nBPT的抑制活性达到最大值;在nBPT各结构基团中,正丁基(-NH(CH2)3CH3)、硫基(-S)对nBPT与脲酶的结合起辅助作用,胺基(-NH2)是nBPT与脲酶结合的关键基团,与脲酶活性部位巯基(-SH)结合。土壤脲酶抑制剂nBPT与脲酶的具体结合机理还有待继续研究。     

脲酶/硝化抑制剂在土壤N转化过程中的作用

综述了脲酶抑制剂/硝化抑制剂对土壤氮的转化过程:尿素水解过程、硝化过程、硝酸盐淋溶过程、反硝化过程、微生物固持过程、N矿化过程及气体挥发过程的影响和抑制剂的作用机理,并提出今后研究的发展方向,为今后如何施用抑制剂来提高土壤中氮素利用率和减少环境污染提供一定的参考价值。     

脲酶/硝化抑制剂对土壤脲酶活性、有效态氮及春小麦产量的影响

通过田间随机区组试验,就缓释尿素对土壤脲酶活性,土壤有效态氮及小麦产量的影响进行了研究。本试验设置4个处理,1)普通尿素(U);2)U+脲酶抑制剂LNS(SRU1);3)SRU1+硝化抑制剂双氰胺(DCD)(SRU2);4)SRU1+硝化抑制剂3,5-二甲基吡唑(DMP)(SRU3)。结果表明,在整个春小麦(TriticumaestivumL.)生育期内,SRU1、SRU2和SRU3处理的土壤脲酶活性低于U处理,且SRU2、SRU3处理的土壤NH4+-N含量在较长时间内维持在较高水平;小麦成熟期,SRU1、SUR2和SRU3处理土壤有效态N含量显著高于U处理(p<0.05);SRU1、SRU2、SRU3处理小麦的生物学性状和产量略高于U处理,但是处理间没有显著差异。     

Bowman-Birk型大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂研究进展

阐述Bowman-Birk型大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(BBI)的分子结构、作用机制,并对其在医药领域、饲料工业及植物抗虫害等方面的研究进展进行了综述和展望.     

茉莉酸合成抑制剂对棉花脱分化及茎尖培养的影响

以棉花幼苗下胚轴和茎尖作为试验材料,通过添加不同浓度的外源茉莉酸合成抑制剂,观察棉花下胚轴生根及愈伤组织的形成率以及对茎尖分化的影响,探究茉莉酸合成抑制剂对棉花脱分化及茎尖培养的影响。结果表明,茉莉酸合成抑制剂可以显著地促进愈伤组织的生成,加快生根,但是会在一定程度上抑制愈伤组织POD及SOD的活性。当茉莉酸合成抑制剂浓度为0.075 mg·L~(-1)时,对生根及愈伤组织形成方面作用效果最显著。而在茎尖培养过程中,2.0 mg·L~(-1)的茉莉酸合成抑制剂在棉花茎尖培养初期对分生组织分化起显著促进作用,棉花生长量最大,植株SOD酶和POD酶活性最大。