用根癌农杆菌介导法转化大豆萌动子叶节细胞

利用根癌农杆菌转化萌动大豆成熟子叶节获得了高频率的转基因大豆。从萌发12～16 h的大豆种子切取半片种子作为目标组织,对其子叶节组织进行伤处理后,接种于含有pGB载体的LBA4404农杆菌溶液。pGB载体含有除草剂（phosphinothricin, PPT）抗性基因bar和绿色荧光蛋白基因sgfp。将接种的外植体分别在含有3或5 mg/L PPT的芽诱导培养基、3 mg/L PPT的芽伸长培养基及2～4 mg/L PPT的根诱导培养基上进行了筛选。利用萌发5 d的外植体进行PPT浓度筛选的结果表明,芽诱导、芽伸长及根诱导阶段的PPT浓度分别为5、3及3 mg/L时,转化效率达到最大值,为5.3%。PCR和Southern杂交结果证实了外源基因稳定地整合在大豆基因组中。Northern杂交和GFP分析结果表明被整合的外源基因在大豆细胞中得到了稳定的表达。成熟植株对体外喷洒100 mg/L PPT溶液产生抗性。转化效率达8.9%。     

Inheritance of male fertility restoration of the cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile line NJCMS1A of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.]

At present, no report on inheritance of male fertility restoration has been released, yet more than 10 cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile soybean lines as well as their maintainers and restorers have been developed. Based on our previous work, 25 restorers for the male-sterile line NJCMS1A were identified and the inheritance of male fertility restoration for these restorers was studied. The results showed that F₁s between NJCMS1A and its restorers were completely male-fertile. The numbers of fertile and sterile plants in the F₂ population of Cross I (NJCMS1A × N23601) and Cross II (NJCMS1A × N23683) corresponded to a segregation ratio of 15:1, and the numbers of non-segregation lines, 3:1 segregation lines and 15:1 segregation lines in F_2:3 of the same two crosses fitted a 7:4:4 genotypic segregation ratio. The testcross BC₁F₁s between the F₁s of the above two crosses and NJCMS1A, NJCMS1B showed a 3:1 segregation ratio. Accordingly, it was inferred that two pairs of duplicate dominant genes controlled the male fertility restoration of NJCMS1A in both crosses. Meanwhile, F₂ of other 23 crosses between NJCMS1A and its 23 restorers showed a fertility segregation ratio of 3:1 or 15:1. The F₁s of the five testcrosses between NJCMS1A and the F₁s of five crosses selected from the above 23 crosses showed that fertility segregation was 3:1 in BC₁F₁s between NJCMS1A and F₁s of the crosses of which fertility segregation fitted 15:1 in F₂ population, while fertility segregation in BC₁F₁s was 1:1 for those fertility segregation fitted 3:1 in F₂ population. Allelism tests showed that restore genes of all restorers in the experiment were allelic to two pairs of dominant genes. All results showed that some restorers bore one pair of dominant restore gene and the others bore two pairs of duplicate dominant gene. The mechanism of F₁ male sterility of the cross N8855 × N2899 was discussed.     

大豆细胞质遗传芽黄突变体的发现

本研究新发现一个大豆芽黄突变体NJ89-3。该突变体典型表现为，从第一对真叶开始，新生叶表现明显黄化，但随叶片充分伸展定形，逐渐变为正常绿色。植株最后一张叶片充分伸展定形后，芽黄植株与正常绿色植株并无明显区别。研究表明NJ89-3的芽黄性状由细胞质基因突变引起，属细胞质遗传，建议将此细胞质基因命名为cyt-Yv。     

修剪留茬高度对沟叶结缕草生长的影响

采用称重式蒸渗仪法,在贵州省黔西南地区研究了不同修剪留茬高度对沟叶结缕草的水分利用效率和耗水系数的影响。结果表明:随着修剪留茬高度由3 cm增至不修剪,沟叶结缕草的耗水量由96.33 mm增至386.60 mm,水分利用效率8月份高于7月和9月,以留茬高度6cm的水分利用效率高达0.75 kg·mm^-1·hm^-2。因此对黔西南地区的7、8、9月的沟叶结缕草地区夏剪,留茬高度定在6 cm较为理想,既可以节水又能达到美观效果。     

RTM-GWAS方法应用于大豆RIL群体百粒重QTL检测的功效

【目的】为全面解析大豆重组自交系群体中调控百粒重性状的QTL体系,将限制性两阶段多位点全基因组关联分析方法(RTM-GWAS)和不同定位方法进行比较、优选,为后续候选基因体系探索及分子标记辅助育种设计提供依据。【方法】利用以科丰1号和南农1138-2为亲本衍生的重组自交系群体NJRIKY的427个家系,通过由全基因组39 353个SNP构建的3 683个SNPLDB标记及3个环境下的百粒重表型数据,选用复合区间作图法(CIM)、基于混合线性模型的全基因组关联分析方法(MLM-GWAS)和RTM-GWAS 3种方法检测百粒重QTL,通过QTL数目和总的表型变异解释率比较检测功效,挑选最佳定位结果进行NJRIKY群体中的百粒重遗传体系解析。通过候选基因体系的功能注释,挖掘调控大豆百粒重的生物学途径。【结果】科丰1号与南农1138-2的百粒重差异较大,多环境平均数分别为9.0和17.9 g,遗传变异系数为12.4%,遗传率为85.4%,适用于百粒重性状的遗传解析。比较3种方法定位结果表明RTM-GWAS方法表现最佳,检测QTL数目最多(57个),解释表型变异最多(70.78%)。而CIM仅检...     

蟛蜞菊化感作用的初步研究

以蟛蜞菊[Wedelia chinensis(Osbeck) Merrill]地上部分的二氯甲烷提取物为化感物质,初步研究了蟛蜞菊对萝卜种子萌发和稗草幼苗生长的化感作用。结果表明:蟛蜞菊对萝卜的种子萌发和对稗草的幼苗生长均有抑制作用,随着化感物质浓度的增大抑制作用增强;且蟛蜞菊对稗草根生长的抑制作用强于对芽的。     

星星草、朝鲜碱茅在河套地区各旗县的区域试验

星星草、朝鲜碱茅属重度耐盐碱优良牧草。通过在河套灌区各旗县的区域试验,为在北方内陆盐渍化地区大面积种植提供了科学依据。     

Soybean Nodule Development and Nitrogenase Activity During the Reproductive Phase: Statistical Modeling Approach

Nitrogenase activity during the reproductive phase of the Hodgson 78 soybean variety was tested in a growth chamber experiment to evaluate its relationships with number, weight and specific nitrogenase activity of the nodules. A multiple regression model is proposed.
The number of nodules did not change, while the total nodule dry weight increased with the increase of the average dry weight.
The regression model adopted showed that the main factors affecting the total nitrogenase activity were the specific activity and the nodule mass, but the former induces the wider variations.
Unlike other crops the counting of the nodules cannot be considered as an indirect predictor for nitrogen fixation.     

黄钩蛱蝶生物学的初步研究

黄钩蛱蝶是药用植物葎草的重要食叶害虫.在南昌一年发生5代为主,部分6代,少数7代,世代重迭,以未交配的成虫过冬.10月初羽化的成虫,当年不再交配和产卵,故越冬成虫即包含了五六七代成虫.受高温干旱的影响,夏季和秋初雌虫的产卵量及卵的孵化率明显低于春季和夏初.因此五六月份为全年发生的为害烈期.     

水分吸收预处理提高菜用大豆种子活力

用40％PEG溶液、饱和湿度空气及多层滤纸控制吸胀预处理,能显著提高菜用大豆(Glycine max L.Merr.)种子的发芽势、发芽率和活力指数,以及抗低温吸胀和浸泡伤害的能力.在PEG溶液和多层滤纸条件下吸胀,明显减缓种子吸胀速率,特别是吸胀初期的速率.而且两者控制吸胀的效果相似.这三种处理显著地减少了种子浸泡液的电导率和紫外吸收物质量以及可溶性糖和氨基酸外渗量.种皮对阻止细胞内含物外渗有重要作用,但PEG等的修复作用主要发生在种皮内活的细胞组织.预处理对膜的修复有良好的效果,可是当种子劣变已伤及修复系统时,这种处理就无效.