互叶白千层扦插育苗技术初探

以互叶白千层当年生的嫩枝为试验材料,采用L9(34)正交试验方案,研究不同生根促进剂、不同浓度以及不同基质对互叶白千层扦插生根的影响,筛选各因素水平的最佳组合。试验结果表明:生根促进剂的种类及其浓度对扦插生根影响显著;ABT/NAA混合促进剂,浓度为1 000 mg.kg-1,基质采用珍珠岩和泥土1∶2组合,是互叶白千层扦插最佳的因素水平组合。其生根率可达78%,生根数可达4.02条,最长生根长度为3.48 cm。     

澳洲茶油树栽培管理技术

澳洲茶油树（Melaleuca alternifolia）是经济价值很高的油用树种,也可用于园林造景。文章通过栽培实践,总结了其形态特征与生态习性、引种、栽培,为推广营造人工林提供科学依据。     

4-松油醇型白千层枝叶连续提取茶树油及黄酮的技术

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从白千层(Melaleuca)枝叶中提取茶树油,直接从生产的废水废渣中用水连续提取水溶性黄酮,浓缩干燥制备白千层黄酮。结果表明,提取的茶树油质量达到ISO 4730:2017标准,产品黄酮含量为18.1%。     

Practical diets with essential oils of plants activate the complement system and alter the intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia

The effect of the essential oils (EOs) of peppermint, Mentha piperita L., and tea tree, Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, on the haematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters and intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., was evaluated. Fish (58.09 ± 5.87 g) were fed 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of each EO and sampled on days 7, 14, 30 and 60 after starting supplementation. The haematological and biochemical parameters were not altered by the supplementation of EOs compared to the control (p > .05). With regard to the immunological parameters, the activation of the complement system of fish fed 250 mg/kg peppermint and 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg tea tree EOs were significantly higher compared to the control after 60 days of feeding (p < .05). The complement system plays an essential role in innate immunity and contributes significantly to the acquired immune response; thus, its activation through supplementation with EOs is promising for the formulation of nutritional additives in aquaculture. Regarding intestinal morphology, fish fed 250 mg/kg tea tree EO presented higher villus size compared to all other groups (p < .05), which represents a healthier gut. These fish present a larger intestinal surface, which can result in better absorption and utilization of the nutrients. Based on the responses found in this study, both EOs were considered promising for the formulation of feed additives for Nile tilapia.     

Fumigant toxicity of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus blakelyi</Emphasis> and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Melaleuca fulgens</Emphasis> essential oils and 1,8-cineole against different development stages of the rice weevil<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sitophilus oryzae</Emphasis>

Essential oils extracted fromEucalyptus blakelyi (1,8-cineole, 77.5%),Melaleuca fulgens (1,8-cineole, 56.9%) and 1,8-cineole were shown to have fumigant toxicity against different development stages ofSitophilus oryzae. The eggs ofS. oryzae were the most tolerant, followed by pupae, larvae and adults in that order.M. fulgens oil,E. blakelyi oil and 1,8-cineole at 100 μl per liter of air gave, respectively, LT₅₀ values of 16.2, 17.4 and 9.1 h for adults, 31.1, 19.3 and 17.5 h for larvae, 55.6, 75.2 and 39.7 h for pupae, and required >7 days for eggs. Only 1,8-cineole (200 μl ⁻¹ air) gave a significant egg kill by 7 days and the LT₉₅ was 134.5 h. 1,8-Cineole could be a useful new fumigant. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Oct. 3, 2004.     

毛乌素沙地三种荒漠灌木根系分布特征与土壤水分研究

用全根系挖掘法,调查研究了风沙地生境中的黑沙蒿、杨柴、沙木蓼的根系分布特征;对根际不同土层土壤水分含量进行了观测,确定3种植物根系分布和土壤水分的响应特征。结果表明:杨柴的根系分布范围为地下0-280cm,主要分布在20-110cm,占总根重的65.86%;沙木蓼的根系分布范围0-180 cm,主要分布在0-80cm,占总根重的68.29%;黑沙蒿的根系分布范围0-240cm,主要分布在0-60cm,占总根重的62.14%。3种不同植物根系垂直分布形态特征,杨柴为“V”型分布,黑沙蒿为“伞”型分布,相比之下沙木蓼分布比较均匀。各土层中,除杨柴0-20cm土层根系分布较少外,黑沙蒿和沙木蓼表层根系分布较多;0-60cm土层中分布的根系密度最大,均表现为从土壤表层到深层逐次递减趋势;植物根系分布对土壤水分的响应显著,根系集中分布区域土壤含水量明显减小;黑沙蒿根际平均土壤水分含量最大,沙木蓼次之,杨柴最小,其与根系分布、水分利用策略密切相关。在水分资源竞争中,植物根系分布特征起到重要的作用。     

高精油互叶白千层组培产业化技术研究

高精油互叶白千层优良无性系继代苗经多代增殖扩繁后，易出现基部褐化死亡现象，部分无性系生根率低，严重阻碍了组培苗产业化生产应用。以花宝1号、B5、MS 为基本培养基，开展大量元素不同浓度、维生素组合、生长调节剂对比试验。结果表明：3．0 g·L^－1花宝1号与 VH、Vc、VB2的组合能有效地抑制继代苗褐化死亡；继代培养基中添加 GA0．4～0．6 mg·L^－1，有效芽苗数多，且芽苗粗壮、长势整齐；不同优良无性系在2．0 g·L^－1花宝1号生根培养基均获得了较高生根率，平均生根率为95％。花宝1号能有效提高互叶白千层组培苗产业化效率。     

毛乌素沙地沙木蓼茎干液流规律研究

植物的茎干液流量表征其蒸腾耗水量,能够准确反映单株植物的蒸腾作用和水分利用状况。利用Dynamax茎流测量系统和自动气象站对毛乌素沙地人工灌木树种沙木蓼的茎干液流变化及其周围的环境因子进行观测。研究结果表明,(1)沙木蓼茎干液流日变化呈多峰线型,昼夜变化明显,夜间仍有低值液流;晴天液流速率较大,变化幅度也大;阴雨天液流速率变化幅度较小但波动剧烈。(2)整个生长季沙木蓼总液流量为428.83L,5—10月沙木蓼日平均液流量为2.6395L/d。(3)沙木蓼液流速率变化趋势与环境因子变化趋势基本吻合。相关分析表明,影响沙木蓼茎干液流变化的主要环境因子为太阳总辐射、空气温度、空气相对湿度和风速。     

Distribution of Accumulated Aluminum and Changes in Cell Wall Polysaccharides in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Melaleuca cajuputi under Aluminum Stress

Distribution of aluminum (Al) within plant components and Al-induced changes in cell wall polysaccharides in root tips of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. seedlings were compared with those of Melaleuca cajuputi Powell. In E. camaldulensis , 0.5 mM Al (pH 4.2 for 40 d) reduced plant dry weight by 50%, increased callose concentration in the root tips and induced leaf necrosis. In comparison with M. cajuputi , Al concentrations were higher in roots and leaves of E. camaldulensis on both a fresh weight basis and in the cell sap, but were lower in the cell wall. Al increased pectin, hemicellulose and cellulose concentration in the cell walls of E. camaldulensis root tips. Al-induced leaf necrosis and growth reduction in E. camaldulensis is discussed in the context of potentially toxic concentrations of Al in plant tissue and changes in polysaccharide content which could reduce water and nutrient uptake and cell wall extensibility in roots.     

遮荫处理对黄金香柳生理特性的影响

为了解黄金香柳生理指标与光照条件的关系,研究了不同遮荫处理(20%、40%、60%、全光照)下黄金香柳的生理特性的变化。结果表明:随着遮荫强度的增加和时间的延长,黄金香柳可溶性糖含量先降低后上升,可溶性蛋白质含量呈上升趋势;MDA含量随遮荫强度的加剧而增大,但20%遮荫处理与对照差异不大;随着胁迫时间的延长,POD含量先升高后降低,20%和40%遮荫下POD活性均高于对照。表明黄金香柳对一定程度的遮荫处理具有一定程度的适应能力,夏季高温季节以20%和40%遮荫为宜。