双自由度多铰接仿形免耕精量播种单体设计与试验

针对2BMFJ系列原茬地免耕覆秸播种机播后镇压效果和播种深度一致性不理想的问题,设计了双自由度多铰接仿形免耕精量播种单体,应用保守系拉格朗日方程建立了种沟深度数学模型,初步确定了影响种沟深度的关键结构与工作参数。采用四因素五水平二次回归正交旋转中心组合试验方法,选取弹簧初始增量、初始牵引角、弹簧刚度、机具作业速度为影响因素,开沟深度合格率、土壤坚实度合格率和开沟深度变异系数为性能评价指标,得到影响开沟深度合格率各因素由大到小顺序为:弹簧刚度、机具作业速度、弹簧初始增量、初始牵引角,影响土壤坚实度合格率各因素由大到小顺序为:弹簧刚度、机具作业速度、初始牵引角、弹簧初始增量,影响开沟深度变异系数各因素由大到小顺序为:初始牵引角、机具作业速度、弹簧刚度、弹簧初始增量。对试验数据进行优化处理,结果表明,在初始牵引角0°、弹簧刚度10 N/mm条件下,弹簧初始增量15～19. 5 mm、机具作业速度6. 7～7. 8 km/h范围内,开沟深度合格率大于95%,土壤坚实度合格率大于95%,开沟深度变异系数小于10%。     

生态果园模式中"猪-沼-炕"单元研究与设计

根据中部地区生态果园运行需要,本文提出并设计了生态果园系统中的"猪-沼-炕"单元,详细介绍了该单元的工作原理、设计方法及运行效果,解决了以沼气为纽带的生态果园模式冬季运行效率低等问题.同时,对孟州示范基地的运行测试结果表明该单元模式在提高猪舍温度、促进猪的生长、增加沼气产率等方面均较普通的太阳能猪舍有较大幅度提高,成为适合中部地区应用的生态果园模式中较有特色的接口技术.     

基于VI技术的农用动平衡机测量系统

采用虚拟仪器（VI）技术设计了农用旋转机械动同测量系统，探讨了硬件和软件设计的核心技术，解决了现场可调和模块化设计、数据库管理及高速实时处理等综合问题，给出了农用碟片式胶乳分离机整机动平衡实验过程和结果。     

单位线方法在沿渡河流域的应用研

单位线方法在水文计算及洪水预报中得到了广泛的应用，至今仍然是汇流计算的重要工具。以沿渡河流域为研究背景，分别采用分析法及矩法推求了该流域的时段单位线，并分别用这两种单位线模拟了该流域的同次洪水过程，模拟结果表明分析法得到的单位线更加适合该流域的洪水计算。最后，在详细分析两种方法误差来源的基础上，提出了相应的改进措施。     

Sugar beet rotation effects on soil organic matter and calculated humus balance in Central Germany

In order to quantify the influence of land use systems on the level of soil organic matter (SOM) to develop recommendations, long-term field studies are essential. Based on a crop rotation experiment which commenced in 1970, this paper investigated the impact of crop rotations involving increased proportions of sugar beet on SOM content. To this end, soil samples were taken in 2010 and 2012 from the following crop rotation sequences: sugar beet–sugar beet–winter wheat–winter wheat (SB–SB–WW–WW = 50%), sugar beet–sugar beet–sugar beet–winter wheat (SB–SB–SB–WW = 75%), sugar beet–grain maize (SB–GM = 50%) and sugar beet-monoculture (SB = 100%); these were analysed in terms of total organic carbon (TOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content, MBC/TOC ratio and the TOC stocks per hectare. In addition, humus balances were created (using the software REPRO, reference period 12 years) in order to calculate how well the soil was supplied with organic matter. In the field experiment, harvest by-products (WW and GM straw as well as SB leaves) were removed. After 41 years, no statistically significant differences were measured between the crop rotations for the parameters TOC, MBC, MBC/TOC ratio and the TOC stock per hectare. However, the calculated humus balance was significantly affected by the crop rotation. The calculated humus balance became increasingly negative in the order SB–SB–WW–WW, SB–SB–SB–WW, SB monoculture and SB–GM, and correlated with the soil parameters. The calculated humus balances for the reference period did not reflect the actual demand for organic matter by the crop rotations, but instead overestimated it.     

单位换算技术在水泵测试软件中的应用

水泵试验时,要采集诸多参数,并且根据这些参数计算出扬程、轴功率、NPSH等数值,不同国家这些参数采用的单位不同,企业必须能够按照客户要求的单位提供试验数据:并且有时客户要求得到水泵在特殊介质下进行试验得出的试验数据,同一台泵在每种介质下都做一遍试验不太现实,而且会提高企业的生产成本,提出将采集的数据进行单位换算,根据不同国家或者客户的特殊要求求出泵的试验数据,在实际应用中节省了试验成本,得到了企业的好评.     

Feeding quality assessment of fresh maize stover by means of near-infrared spectroscopy with a new sample presentation unit

Stover quality traits are important in breeding programmes of maize cultivars. However, conventional procedures for evaluation of stover quality are expensive and thus limit the full exploitation of the available genetic variability. Our objective was to assess the potential of near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with a new sample presentation unit to determine feeding quality of maize stover. The plant material comprised maize inbreds and hybrids. The sample presentation unit was equipped with a near‐infrared diode‐array spectrometer. Coefficient of determination in cross‐validation ranged between 0.77 and 0.94 for contents of dry matter, nitrogen, neutral detergent fibre and in vitro fermentability expressed as gas volume after 24h incubation time, but it was lower for ash content. It was concluded that NIRS with the new sample presentation unit was less accurate than laboratory NIRS to predict the standard reference methods. However, the new sample presentation unit might be used as a fast and efficient technique to perform large screenings of maize stover accessions in breeding programmes.     

基于图形处理器的三维表面质量快速评定技术

针对三维表面粗糙度评定中表面测量数据量大且计算复杂度高,常用处理方法不能满足实时测量要求的问题,提出了一种基于图形处理器(GPU)的三维表面形貌测量数据快速评定方法,应用CUDA平台开发了基于GPU的并行处理算法,在此基础上实现了三维表面质量的快速评定。实验结果表明,该方法在保证计算精度的同时,运算效率提高了60倍以上,可满足三维表面质量在线评定的要求。     

农村金融与农村经济增长关系的实证分析——以河南省为例

利用帕加诺模型,以河南省为例,分析农村金融与农村经济增长的关系。实证分析结果表明农村金融发展可以促进农业生产水平的提高,但是当前农村金融的发展对农村经济增长的拉动作用不明显。     

基于机器视觉的马铃薯黑心病检测机构设计与试验

马铃薯黑心病是一种难以用肉眼分辨的内部病害。在生产加工中,为了准确检出黑心病个体,该研究基于光在马铃薯块茎组织中的透射特性设计了一种马铃薯黑心病检测机构。机构主要包括马铃薯块茎承托槽、光源单元以及光源位置调节轨道等部分,光源单元包括2个LED面光源,形成多点透射的结构,光源波长为705 nm。文中取50个正常样品和29个黑心样品采集图像分析,经过预处理,分别提取马铃薯目标图像和马铃薯高灰度区域的灰度平均值,以二者的相对比值作为黑心病的判别参数。通过与单点透射模式所采集的正常样品图像的相对比值比较,由该机构所采集的正常图像的相对比值普遍偏小,表明所获得图像的灰度均匀性更好,同时得到光源较佳夹角为45°。在该机构下获得的正常样品和黑心样品的灰度平均值相对比值的分类阈值为0.220,得到2种样品的判断正确率分别为98%和96.6%,且黑心样品的相对比值更大,表明使用该机构可以检测黑心马铃薯样品。该研究为马铃薯黑心病检测机构的设计提供了参考。