土壤压实度测量系统研究进展

随着农业机械功率的不断增加和机具下地次数的增多,土壤压实的问题愈加明显.为了定量获得土壤压实特性,研究人员开发了各种各样的土壤压实度测量系统.分析了土壤压实产生原因、危害,重点对国内外压实度测量系统的研究现状进行了综述,指出通过测试土壤阻力获得其三维的分布特性是土壤压实测量的发展趋势.     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定豆粉中总汞的不确定度评定

为了得到准确而完善的检测结果,对微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定豆粉中总汞结果的不确定度进行了评定,结合各不确定度分量对测定方法中不确定度的主要来源进行了分析。结果表明:样品的前处理方法以及试样的重复性对获得准确测定结果尤为重要,标准曲线的配制也是重要的不确定度来源,同时需要确保仪器的稳定性,而试样定容和样品称样引入的不确定度极低,可以忽略。通过不确定度的评定,明确了测定过程中主要误差的来源,为降低检测过程中的误差提供了依据。     

单腔单振子压电泵流量自测量方法研究

为满足压电泵系统流体精确控制及小型化的需要,提出利用压电自感知及神经网络技术的单腔单振子压电泵流量自测量方法。压电泵结构上采用双压电晶片振子同时作为执行元件与传感元件使用。首先分析了流量影响因素,并分析了传感压电片输出信号与振子变形关系。得出:压电泵流量与振子振动状态存在函数关系,振子的振动状态可由传感压电信号实时反映,因此在信号中隐含着压电泵流量信息。据此制作了传感压电信号参数测量电路样机,将参数测量结果作为神经网络输入,建立了用于压电泵流量预测的BP神经网络模型。实验结果表明:利用该方法得到的预测值与实验测量值之间相关系数在0.999 3以上,最大相对误差率小于3.46%,预测结果与测量值接近。该流量自测量方法具有较好的准确性。     

超重车辆过桥措施的探讨

本文论述了桥梁实际承载能力方法确定及超重车辆过桥的一般要求;同时阐述了桥梁加固措施.     

Decision Support for Active Risk Management in Sustainable Forestry

Abstract

Active risk management is central to the implementation of sustainable forestry, yet a fairly unexplored field of research. This study attempts to present some components of an analytical framework for risk management centred on the decision situation. Within this framework, a systems analysis approach to providing decision support for risk management is presented with an example dealing with outcome risk. The approach covers identification of risk factors for which decision support could be useful for the problem holders, presentation of how one such risk factor, wind damage, can be characterised in terms of a computer model, and how this computer model can be used for providing decision support. In addition to outcome risk, there is risk due to knowledge uncertainty and uncertainty related to valuation. The implications of these uncertainties for active risk management are discussed. Furthermore, communicative criteria for making the decision support useful are discussed. Since the work on the concept is still under way, this is too early to evaluate. So far, however, our results have been met with interest not only from representatives of forestry but also from mass media.     

Analysis of the spawning stock–recruitment relationship of vendace (Coregonus albula (L.)) with evaluation of alternative models, additional variables, biases and errors

Abstract –  Spawning biomass and recruitment data for vendace from a central Finnish lake were analysed by fitting various recruitment models and comparing the fits statistically. The compensatory models of Ricker, Cushing and Beverton & Holt fitted the data better than the H ₀ hypothesis of constant proportionality, but model and parameter uncertainties were high. Additional variables were included in an attempt to reduce uncertainties. Heavy wind forcing during the first month after hatching of larvae reduced the recruitment success. For the Ricker and the Cushing models, recruitment seemed to be also negatively associated with the density of the previous year-class. The r ² increased considerably with inclusion of these additional variables, but the precision of model parameters remained low. Monte Carlo simulation of a vendace stock was applied to evaluate the interference of biases from the measurement error (ME) and time series error (TSE) in the analysis. Especially in the case of the Cushing model, compensatory density dependence can be overestimated severely. Increasing the number of observations decreases the biases in some cases. In view of potential biases and uncertainties, a precautionary management policy is recommended.     

青海省草地环境灾害与减灾措施

青海省有草地面积 3644.94× 1 0 4hm2 ,草地畜牧业占有十分重要的位置。通过对青海省草地灾害的类型和致灾因素的分析 ,提出了相应的提高草地生产能力、改善草地生态环境和防止草地灾害发生的对策。     

对凯氏定氮法测定食品中蛋白质含量的测量不确定度评定

通过对凯氏定氮法测定食品中蛋白质含量的测量不确定度分析,对其标定结果的质量进行了定量表征。结果表明,该食品中蛋白质的含量为25.88%±0.15%(k=2),测量结果重复性的不确定度对总体不确定度作用最大。     

特种车辆柴油发动机故障诊断专家系统推理机设计

针对特种车辆柴油发动机故障诊断专家系统知识表示的模糊特性，建立了故障类型的模糊诊断模型，提出了不精确推理方法和模糊匹配策略，采用柴油发动机故障类型诊断的反向推理和故障原因分析及故障消除措施正向推理相结合的混合推理机制，设计了总体目标推理和级目标推理相结合的推理机．系统现场运行的快速推理结果表明了该推理机设计是成功的．