Analysis of tofu‐related traits by a bench‐scale tofu production method and their relationship with agronomic traits in European soybean

European tofu manufacturers are becoming more and more interested in locally grown soybeans. A prerequisite for the development of European tofu cultivars is to improve our understanding of how the environment and genetics affect soymilk and tofu quality, as well as how quality and agronomic traits are correlated. This study was based on 215 recombinant inbred lines derived from two populations and grown at three locations that were evaluated for tofu traits in a bench‐scale tofu laboratory. The heritabilities of most of the evaluated tofu traits were moderately high with h² > 0.6. We observed significant genotypic variance components, but an even stronger contribution of the location. The network analysis of the evaluated traits was population‐dependent; however, the tofu traits were not associated with any of the agronomic traits. Collectively, our results indicate the potential to improve tofu‐related traits in European soybean. The bench‐scale tofu production method provides a valuable tool to test soybean lines in breeding programmes; however, the method needs to be further improved and automated to minimize errors due to the laboratory staff.     

美国超长绒棉生产优势分析

该文明确了美国Pima棉种植具有以下优势:①唯一集中种植区土壤保水保肥性好、光热资源丰富;②物质装备与技术先进实用;③产量高、品质优,种植规模效益显著;④大型农业机械作业的现代化集约式农场经营模式可行可靠;⑤社会服务、政策支持系统高效,以及种植布局合理、品牌影响力大,实现了高产、优质与高规模效益同步目标.虽然该国Pima棉生产能被确认为全球超长绒棉生产的大国与强国,但与中国ELS生产相比,双方互有优势与特点.笔者分析认为:借鉴美国ELS生产经验,我国应运用现代育种技术,加快ELS品种综合遗传特性改良步伐,尽快选育适宜机采的ELS品种,积极研发全程轻简节本增效栽培新技术,改革ELS生产组织形式,大力发展社会化服务体系,调整优化ELS产业扶持政策,从而从根本上提高我国ELS国际市场竞争力.     

填脐疗法配合针刺治疗老年性失眠的临床观察

目的 观察填脐疗法配合针刺治疗老年性失眠的临床疗效。方法 选取90例患者随机分为3组（每组30例）,治疗组采用填脐疗法配合针刺,针刺组采用单纯针刺法,药物组口服阿普唑仑。观察三组患者治疗后匹茨堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）和阿森斯失眠量表（AIS）评分,评价治疗后疗效。结果 治疗组在总有效率及PSQI及AIS上均优于针刺组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。治疗组与药物组在总有效率及PSQI方面疗效相当（P>0.05）,治疗组不良反应低于药物组（P<0.01）。结论 填脐疗法配合针刺是治疗老年性失眠一种有效、安全的方法,值得临床推广。     

基于AnnAGNPS模型的罗李村子流域水文模拟与评价

以灞河上游罗李村子流域为研究区,基于子流域2001—2010年日尺度气象水文数据和流域地形、土壤和土地利用数据,构建了AnnAGNPS（Annualized Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution model）模型数据库,确定了最优子流域划分方案,模拟了流域年、月、日尺度径流变化。结果表明:（1）当临界源面积（CSA）取100 hm²,最小初始沟道长度（MSCL）取70 m时,模型将流域划分为1 030个分室,420个沟道,能较好地概化流域下垫面特征。（2）模型对年、月、日尺度径流模拟Ens均大于0.51,R²均大于0.55,Re小于10%,模型能够较好地反映罗李村子流域的径流过程,对流域水资源的合理利用具有指导作用。     

多卫星遥感降水产品寒区误差时空特征分析

选取北方寒区呼兰河流域作为典型研究区,以地面雨量站及采用IDW插值方法获得的IDWP降水数据作为基准,采用多种统计学指标评估多卫星遥感降水产品在日、月、季度时间及0.05°×0.05°像元空间尺度对寒区地面降水探测精度,以SWAT模型研究其径流模拟适用性,比较TRMM最新一代3B42V7降水产品相对于3B42V6改进程度。结果表明,TRMM 3B42V7与TRMM 3B42V6相比,对流域平均及总体降水量探测均有改进,日时间尺度上,V6过低估计地面降水0.89%,而V7过高估计5.43%,月及季度时间尺度上,两者与雨量站降水量较为接近,降水强度探测方面,两者对不同降水强度区间降水发生频率均有不同程度估计,V6和V7均过高估计高强度大雨和暴雨量,分别高出21.98%、17.03%。V7对空间降水探测精度优于V6。日径流模拟方面,V7与V6相比,在寒区对径流模拟改进效果不显著,验证期二者模拟结果接近,均可应用于寒区径流模拟。CMORPH_CRT、CMORPH_RAW、PERSIANN_CDR数据在寒区评估效果较差,不宜在北方寒区推广。     

基于无人机载高光谱空间尺度优化的大豆育种产量估算

为探讨无人机载高光谱空间尺度对大豆产量预测精度的影响,该文以山东嘉祥圣丰大豆为研究对象,设计以多旋翼无人机为平台搭载Cubert UHD185成像高光谱传感器的无人机遥感农情监测系统,获取了大豆多个生育期的无人机高光谱数据。首先,该研究利用盛荚期-始粒期(R4-R5期)的高光谱影像,由21个不同光谱空间尺度提取的高光谱数据构建植被指数,通过植被指数方差分析结果可知所选冠层植被指数与不同品种大豆植株的生长状况密切相关,但是不同空间尺度下的F值仍存在较为明显的差异;其次,采用偏最小二乘回归建立产量与不同空间尺度的植被指数之间的回归模型,通过模型方程估算精度的曲线变化趋势进一步将最优空间尺度面积确认至9.03~10.13 m2,即当采样空间尺度区域长、宽与小区总长、宽比例介于4.25:5和4.5:5时,所得到的冠层光谱能够尽可能准确地估测大豆产量,此时估算产量和实测产量呈极显著相关(相关系数r=0.811 7,参与建模的样本个数270)。该研究可为使用高、低空高光谱影像进行作物表型信息解析和估产提供参考。     

浙江财政支农分析与规模优化

农业和农村经济的发展离不开资金的支持,财政对农业的投入是“三农”发展的重要资金来源。文章利用大量的统计数据分析了浙江随着经济社会的发展,财政收入的不断增加,政府对农业的投入规模呈增长趋势,但财政支农水平还处于低水平,总量不足,因此合理确定财政支农规模具有重要的现实意义和经济意义。本文结合经济数量模型,探讨了浙江财政对农业支出的合理规模。     

酚类物质对百合鳞片扦插繁殖的影响

摘要：试验以兰州百合及东方百合‘Sorbonne’为试材,研究了酚类物质对百合鳞片扦插繁殖的影响。结果表明,酚类物质的种类对兰州百合鳞片繁殖小鳞茎大小及生根量的影响大于处理浓度和时间。对羟基苯甲酸促进小鳞茎膨大。进一步研究发现,100 mg/L羟基苯甲酸浸泡鳞片8h更有利于兰州百合和‘Sorbonne’小鳞茎膨大和增重,为提高小鳞茎质量的最佳处理。50 mg/L水杨酸处理8h也可提高小鳞茎质量。     

产业内贸易与海南热带农业产业升级

论述在国际旅游岛建设背景下,海南热带农业面临产业升级的巨大压力,而传统国际分工与贸易导向并不能实现海南的跨越式发展,因此海南热带农业产业升级必须发展基于规模报酬递增的产业内贸易;进而分析了海南实施热带农业产业内贸易的可行性和产业内贸易对热带农业升级的促进作用;并从产业内贸易角度提出了海南热带农业产业升级的对策和建议。     

Forest fragmentation and duration of forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hübner) outbreaks in northern hardwood forests

In northern forests dominated by aspen (Populus spp.), the duration of outbreaks of forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hübner) has been reported to increase with forest fragmentation. This relationship has not been tested in other forest types affected by this widespread native defoliator. From 2002 to 2007, a large-scale outbreak of this insect in the northeastern United States defoliated millions of hectares, with sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) the primary host. We used digital defoliation maps generated from aerial surveys and national land cover data to assess the effect of fragmentation on outbreak duration in areas of NY, MA, VT, and NH. We found that outbreak duration increased with forest cover and decreased with the forest edge, in opposition to the pattern previously reported for aspen-dominated forests in Canada. This pattern was significant from plot sizes ranging from 100 m to 1000 m in radius. The relationship between FTC and its natural enemies, which was postulated to underlie the effect of fragmentation on outbreaks in aspen forests, may be affected differently in northern hardwood forests, or other factors may be more important in determining outbreak duration in this forest type.