饲粮锰对蛋鸡组织锰含量及其生长发育和生产性能的影响

本试验研究了饲粮不同锰水平对蛋鸡组织器官中锰含量及其生长发育、产蛋性能和孵化效果的影响。结果表明:羽毛、消化道、肝脏、胫骨和肾脏中的锰量都随饲粮锰的提高而显著增加(P<0.01)。当雏鸡饲粮锰含量在13.5ppm时,锰在体内沉积出现负平衡,雏鸡脱腱症出现率为5.21％。产蛋鸡第1组(17.8ppm Mn)的产蛋率低于其它五组(P<0.01),饲粮低锰使破蛋率和软蛋率显著升高(P<0.01),第3组(73.8ppm Mn)破蛋率最低,第5组(153.8ppm Mn)软蛋率最低。其次,饲粮高锰和低锰都使蛋壳厚度和强度降低(P<0.01),同时也降低受精率(P>0.05)。受精蛋孵化率以第3组(73.8ppm Mn)最高(P<0.01),并可有效地防止雏鸡脱腱症的发生。作者建议,产蛋前期母鸡饲粮含锰在73.8——153.8ppm为佳;种鸡则为73.8——113.8ppm;而在蛋鸡生长发育阶段,饲粮含锰不得低于33.5ppm。     

锰不同施用方式对大豆农艺性状与产量性状的影响

于2008～2009年利用大豆品种合丰55采用盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度锰溶液浸种配合叶面喷施不同浓度锰肥对大豆产量的影响,结果表明:锰浸种或叶面喷施均使株高、主茎节数表现先增后减的趋势,底荚高度随浸种浓度增加而呈现升高趋势,分枝数不施锰的处理最多.一粒荚、四粒荚、瘪荚和百粒重随浸种浓度增加呈先增后减的趋势,单株粒数随锰...     

肉用仔鸡日粮钙、磷、锰、锌和维生素D_3水平的主成分分析

应用５因素２次回归几乎正交旋转组合设计，运用主成分分析方法对４３２只ＡｒｂｏｒＡｃｒｅｓ公雏（３６组，１２只／组）的日粮钙、磷、锰、锌、ＶＤ３５因素与９项检测指标之间的关系进行研究。相关性分析和主成分分析结果表明：日粮钙水平与肉仔鸡１４日龄体重、日粮钙和锌水平与肝脏锌沉积、日粮磷水平与ＡＫＰ活性、胫骨锌沉积均呈显著负相关；日粮锌水平与肉仔鸡体重、胫骨锌沉积呈强正相关。分析累计方差贡献率８６％以上的１１个主成分表达式结果：日粮钙水平阻碍肉仔鸡早期生长，使组织锌沉积降低；日粮钙与磷、锰与锌、ＶＤ３与磷之间的互作在不同程度上影响肉仔鸡组织、血液和骨骼锌沉积。衡量日粮钙供给状况的是第１、９、１０主成分因子；衡量日粮钙、磷供给状况的是第３、８、１１主成分因子；衡量日粮锰与钙供给状况的是第４主成分因子；衡量日粮锌与钙供给状况的是第５主成分因子。     

肉雏鸡日粮中不同钙、磷、VD_3、锰、锌水平的组合效应的研究

本研究应用５因子５水平部分实施的２次回归几乎正交旋转组合设计，采用玉米－豆粕型基础日粮和４３２只ＡＡ（ＡｒｂｏｒＡｃｒｅｓ）肉用公雏，研究日粮中锰（Ｍｎ）、锌（Ｚｎ）、钙（Ｃａ）、有效磷（ａｖ．Ｐ）、维生素Ｄ３（ＶＤ３）５因素不同添加水平的组合效应，探讨５因素与指标间的相互关系。结果表明，由二次响应面分析得出的生产函数二次曲线稳定点的预测值为３５８．７１，对应５因素组合的预测值分别为Ｃａ＝１．０１％，ａｖ．Ｐ＝０．４９％，ＶＤ３＝２１１０．７５１ＩＵ／ｋｇ，Ｍｎ＝１４１．２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ｚｎ＝１７５．８５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ｃａ、ａｖ．Ｐ、Ｚｎ是影响生长的主因素；肉雏鸡日粮中Ｃａ、ａｖ．Ｐ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ、ＶＤ３任一因素的添加水平过高都会影响其它４营养素的吸收和利用；Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ、肝锰、肾锰以及血清钙和磷、肝锌分别是反映Ｍｎ、Ｃａ、ａｖ．Ｐ、Ｚｎ营养状况的敏感指标。     

Leaf position and genotype differences for mineral element concentrations in sorghum grown on tropical acid soil 1

Mineral element deficiencies and toxicities are common problems associated with sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production on acid soils. To better understand some of the mineral element problems and the analysis of plant tissue of sorghum plants grown on acid soils, four sorghum genotypes were grown on an acid Oxisol at Carimagua, Colombia limed with dolomite at 2 and 6 Mg ha^‐1.

Samples for mineral element analyses were obtained from leaves at different positions on the four genotypes. Concentrations of P and Mg were highest in the flag leaf (Leaf No. 1) and decreased as the position on the plant declined from the top of the plant for plants grown at 2 Mg lime ha^‐1. Similar decreases in P, Mg, K, and Zn concentrations occurred in plants grown with 6 Mg lime ha^‐1. Concentrations of Ca, S, Si, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Al increased as leaf position declined from the flag leaf for plants grown at 2 and 6 Mg lime ha^‐1. The higher lime supply enhanced Ca and reduced Mn and Fe concentrations in leaves. Differences in mineral element concentrations for the four genotypes used were fairly extensive. The elements to show the greatest range among genotypes were Al and Si and the elements to show the least range among genotypes were P, K, and S. Care should be used in collecting leaf samples for plant analysis and genotypic differences for accumulation of mineral elements should be considered in interpretation of results.     

Iron stress response in tomato affected by potassium and renewing nutrient solutions

Iron‐efficient T3238FER tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) did not respond to Fe‐deficiency stress by releasing hydrogen ions and reductants from their roots when the plants were grown in a K‐deficient nutrient solution with or without sodium. When increments of K were added to the nutrient solution, the plants responded proportionally to Fe‐deficiency stress, Fe was transported to plant tops and the chlorophyll concentration in plant tops increased. As the leaf Fe concentration was increasing, root K concentration was increasing and root Mn concentration was decreasing. The K and Mn in tops did not show the marked differences observed in roots.

In the presence of adequate K, renewing the solutions each time the pH was lowered to near 4 (days 7 and 11) caused an increased concentration of most elements in the plant, especially Mn in both tops and roots. These plants had the same Fe concentration as plants grown in unchanged solutions but they contained much less chlorophyll. Balance of nutrient elements to some degree seems required in order for iron to be made available to function properly in the plant.     

含Ni六方水钠锰矿的表征及其对Pb 2+ (Zn2+)环境行为的影响

六方水钠锰矿是土壤中普遍存在、活性最强的氧化锰矿物。它常常富集各种过渡金属如Ni等,对其地球化学行为具有重要影响。在六方水钠锰矿形成过程中加入Ni²⁺,Ni以+2价存在于矿物中。进入水钠锰矿结构中的Ni大部分以[NiO₆ ]八面体形式存在于层内;仅有小部分Ni存在于八面体空位上下方。含Ni水钠锰矿沿c轴方向堆叠锰氧八面体层数逐渐减小,而a-b板面晶体大小没有明显变化,即层片状晶体逐渐变薄,比表面积显著增大。随着Ni含量的增加,水钠锰矿结构中锰氧八面体空位数减少,而层边面吸附位点数基本保持不变,其对重金属离子(Pb²⁺/Zn²⁺)吸附去除能力逐渐降低。本文为明确过渡金属离子(Ni)对土壤中氧化锰矿物的形貌、结构及其性质的影响提供了参考。     

Aluminum,Ca, and Mn Concentrations in Macadamia Seedlings as Affected by Soil Acidity and Liming

Abstract

Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) is increasingly becoming an important tree crop in many parts of the world. However, knowledge about the plant's nutritional behavior, especially under adverse soil conditions, has been deficient. To address this deficiency, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of Al, Mn and Ca (soil acidity and liming) on macadamia seedlings. Three soils having different mineralogy and fertility were used; soil pH was adjusted based on lime requirement curves so that several pH levels ranging from 4.5 to 7.5 were obtained for each soil. Chemical composition of the soil solution and of recently fully mature leaves was monitored periodically to assess the growth response.

Results suggested that Al was detrimental to physiological processes of macadamia seedlings when leaf Al was greater than 275 mg kg and soil‐solution Al exceeded 1.2 mg L^‐1. Furthermore, Al seemed to have reduced Mn uptake by the plant, although macadamia could accumulate as much as 1200 mg Mn kg^‐1 in leaves without apparent toxic symptoms. The internal Ca requirement of the plant was not clearly defined; however, maximum growth could be expected when soil solutions contained 160 mg Ca L^‐1 , which corresponded to 0.9 cmol(+)kg^‐1 of exchangeable Ca (or 10% of CEC) in a highly weathered Oxisol.     

Relative effectiveness of manganese sulfate and manganous oxide applied on organic soil

Abstract

The relative effectiveness of MnSO₄ (10 and 200 mesh) and MnO (8, 200 and 325 mesh) used in organic soil application was evaluated by plant growth, Mn concentration, Mn uptake and yield of Acme soybeans and Downing Yellow Globe onions.

The 10 mesh MnSO₄ was superior to all other materials, while the 8 mesh Mn was less effective than any other material. Intermediate effectiveness was obtained from 200 mesh MnSO₄ and 200 or 325 mesh MnO.     

Selection of a soil extraction and a multiple regression model to predict plant available manganese

Abstract

The ability of seven extractants to predict Mn uptake by barley and soybeans was compared in the greenhouse. Predictive capacities were substantially improved by inclusion of other variables, particularly soil pH. There was no advantage to extraction of moist soil samples and thus air drying proved to be a suitable sample handling procedure.

Little difference in predictive capacity occurred between the equations based on the seven extractants but the extractants were ranked as DTPA + NaHCO₃ > DTPA + NH₄HCO₃ > H₃PO₄ > hydroquinone > NH₄PO₄ > CH‐COONH₄ > DTPA + CaCl₂. All of the equations developed were useful for soil testing procedures.