Effects of Root Penetration Restriction on Growth and Mn Nutrition of Different Winter Wheat Genotypes in Paddy Soils

［1］Lu S h, et al. Features of manganese on paddy soil conditions of manganese deficiency on wheat. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1990,3(2) :87 - 91. (in Chinese) ［2］Liu X J, et al. Effect of water and fertilization on movement of manganese in soils and on its uptake by rice. Acta Pedologica Sinica. 1999, 36(3): 369- 375. (in Chinese) ［3］Lu S H, et al. Effect of environmental condition on Mn deficiency of different wheat varieties. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 1998,9(2) :159 - 162. (in Chinese) ［4］Liu X J, et al. Effect of Mn application depth on Mn deficiency of different wheat genotypes. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 1999, 10(2) . 179- 182. (in Chinese) ［5］Graham R D. Breeding for nutritional characteristics in cereals.Adv. Plant Nutr. 1984,1:57- 102. ［6］Fang Z, et al. Study on tolerance of different wheat cultivars or lines to manganese deficiency. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,1998, 4(3) :277 - 283. (in Chinese) ［7］Bansal R L, et al. Tolerance of wheat ( Triticum L. ) and tritical (Xtriticosecale) to manganese deficiency. Indian J. Agr.Sci. 1994,64(6): 382- 386. ［8］Graham R D. Genotypic difference in tolerance to manganese deficiency. Manganese in Soil and Plant. Klawer Academic Publishers, 1988:261 - 276. ［9］Marcar N E. Genetic variation for manganese efficiency in cereals. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Adelaide, South Australia, 1986:201 - 205.     

水稻土的研究——Ⅻ.锌用量对稻麦生长及其在土壤植株中积累的影响

以两种性质不同的水稻土为材料,研究水稻和小麦在不同锌用量环境中的生长情况,以及锌在土壤、植株中积累的状况。结果如下:(1)土壤有效锌随施锌量的增加而增加,增加的幅度因土壤类型而异,黑粘土有效锌积累率为35.4％,是黄砂土的4倍。(2)水稻能在所设计的锌用量范围内正常生长。小麦耐锌能力因土壤类型而有很大差异,_黄砂土上的小麦表现出较强的耐锌能力,黑粘土施锌量在20mg/kg土时,小麦出现受害现象。(3)糙米含锌量为17.8～33.15ppm,麦粒含锌量17.02～66.72ppm,黑粘土Zn_(20)和Zn_(40)处理的麦粒中锌已超过自然含量范围。     

改良剂对锰超富集植物短毛蓼锰吸收及抗氧化酶系统的影响

为了探究改良剂与超富集植物联合修复锰(Mn)污染土壤,采用温室土培的方法,研究了Mn污染土壤分别添加25、50 g/kg的海泡石(S2.5,S5)和沸石(Z2.5,Z5)对Mn超富集植物短毛蓼(Polygonum pubescens Blume)生长、Mn吸收及叶片抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明:改良剂添加显著增加了短毛蓼茎、叶中Mn的含量(P0.05),但降低了株重、叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量。S2.5、Z5.0处理的株高比对照提高了15%和16%,Z2.5与Z5.0处理分别比对照降低了40.05%、35.58%。沸石和海泡石添加显著提高了短毛蓼叶片中MDA含量及H2O2含量(P0.05),表明短毛蓼受到了一定胁迫。超氧自由基(·O2–)含量在S2.5、S5.0、Z2.5处理时下降了4.69%、16.49%、21.01%。同时沸石和海泡石引起了短毛蓼抗氧化酶活性和非酶物质含量的改变。海泡石显著提高(P0.05)短毛蓼叶片中超氧歧化酶(SOD)活性,在S2.5、S5.0处理下,SOD活性分别比对照提高了14%和15%;POD、CAT活性也均有不同程度提高,在S2.5、S5.0处理下,POD分别是对照的4.63、4.23倍,Z2.5、Z5.0处理分别是对照的4.71、4.74倍;但显著降低了抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性以及–SH、GSH含量(P0.05)。表明沸石和海泡石对短毛蓼抗氧化酶系统的影响不一。     

Use of nutrient: phosphorus ratios to evaluate the effects of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza on nutrient uptake in unsterilized soils

Summary Red clover was grown in soil previously treated with P at various rates, and growth, nutrient uptake, nutrient uptake in relation to phosphorus values, and levels of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) infection were determined. The soil was a silty clay loam and Glomus lacteum was the only fungus colonizing the plant roots. An examination of the effects of various rates of P application and of VAM colonization on nutrient (P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn) uptake showed that the Mg : P ratio significantly increased and the Mn : P ratio significantly decreased with increasing VAM infection. It is concluded that in the Trifolium pratense-Glomus lacteum symbiosis, mycorrhizae improve Mg uptake and depress Mn uptake.     

镉锰互作对水稻幼苗镉和矿物质积累的影响

研究了镉(Cadmium,Cd)、锰(Manganese,Mn)互作对两个水稻品种‘黄华占’和‘IR68144’幼苗镉和矿物质积累的影响。结果表明:随着营养液Cd含量的上升,两个品种Cd积累量大幅提高;添加10μmol/L Mn明显促进水稻根系对Cd的吸收,但100μmol/L Mn的促进作用减弱,甚至转变为抑制作用;不同浓度的Mn对水稻地上部Cd的积累都表现为促进作用;两个品种的Mn积累量都随着营养液Mn浓度的提高而急剧升高;Cd对黄华占中Mn的积累在0~10μmol/L Mn条件下表现为促进作用,而在100μmol/L Mn下转变为抑制作用;Cd对IR68144中Mn的积累主要表现为抑制作用;营养液Cd或Mn浓度的增加都对水稻Fe和Zn的吸收和积累表现出强烈的抑制作用,但中等浓度(10μmol/L)Mn与Cd的互作能缓解对Fe积累的抑制作用,而Cd×Mn互作对Zn积累的抑制作用进一步加强。     

添加铁、锰及镉对桑愈伤组织生长的影响

镉、锰和铁添加浓度为５×１０－５Ｍ和１０－－４Ｍ时，对桑愈伤组织生长有明显抑制作用，而镉和铁或镉和锰复合添加条件下，桑愈伤组织的生长受阻更为严重。镉或锰的添加促进桑愈伤组织对铁的吸收，但愈伤组织中镉的含量却因铁的添加浓度增大而下降。锰和镉两元素的吸收具相互促进作用，因而对桑愈伤组织的毒性更大。     

拉萨河谷冬春季放牧与舍饲彭波半细毛羊牧草、血液及被毛矿物质含量

为分析拉萨河谷冬春季放牧与舍饲彭波半细毛羊采食牧草、血液及被毛中主要矿物质元素的含量,试验选用1.5岁左右彭波半细毛羊母羊60只,随机分为放牧组(GZ)和舍饲组(IF)进行试验。结果表明:试验所用牧草矿物质元素,除钼外其他元素含量均为绿麦草>冬季天然牧草。冬季天然牧草磷、镁、硫、铜、锰、锌和硒及绿麦草镁含量低于正常范围。(2)舍饲组血清钙(P=0.026)、硫(P=0.030)、铜(P=0.011)和钼(P=0.014)含量高于放牧组,镁(P=0.090)、铁(P=0.071)、锌(P=0.083)和碘(P=0.066)含量有增高的趋势;其被毛钙(P=0.003)、磷(P=0.006)、镁(P<0.001)、铁(P=0.022)、锰(P<0.001)和碘(P=0.012)含量均高于后者,铜含量有增高的趋势(P=0.068)。在血液和被毛中,放牧组血清铜、锰及被毛铜、锰和硒含量及舍饲组血锰及被毛锰、硒含量均低于推荐值。以上结果表明,拉萨河谷冬春季放牧彭波半细毛羊钙、铁、钼和碘充足,但磷、镁、硫、铜、锰、锌和硒缺乏或不足;舍饲(以谷物为主的精补料+绿麦草干草)能有效解决磷、镁、硫、铜、锌和硒的缺乏问题,但锰仍需补充。     

茶园——土壤系统的物质循环对土壤酸化的影响

基于植茶后土壤酸度逐渐增高,盐基含量降低,铝饱和度增加,土壤呈现酸化现象。本文通过茶园—土壤系统中铝、锰、钙、镁等矿质元素循环,探讨了茶园土壤酸化的原因。在江苏省金坛县茅麓茶场的黄棕壤上,对不同植茶年限(9龄、29龄、80龄)茶园的茶树茎流、透冠水和土壤渗漏水的化学成分进行了分析研究。茶树是富集铝和锰的植物,茶树茎流与透冠水相比,具有含铝多、含盐基少、pH 值较低的特点。茶园土壤酸化受茶树群体分布的影响而存在着不均一性,植茶初期离茶树根颈近的土壤率先酸化,随着植茶年限的延长和茶树群体覆盖度的增加,茶树落叶     

β-激动剂对鸭Ca、Mn、Zn代谢的影响

用芬茗和克仑特罗饲喂肉鸭２１ｄ,二者对鸭生产性能的影响基本一致。此时,鸭血清碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）活性和肌浆Ｃａ含量明显增高,而血清和肌浆Ｍｎ含量明显减少。在相同日粮条件下,芬茗处理鸭肌浆Ｃａ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ含量均高于克仑特罗处理者（Ｃａ、Ｍｎ达到Ｐ＜０．０５）。克仑特罗处理后引起鸭体内Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ元素丢失增加,这可能是畜禽的后肢乏力、跛行和蹄裂的原因之一。     

Effects of manganese on juvenile mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) cultured in water with varying salinity—Implications for inland mariculture

The effects of 5 mg/L of dissolved manganese on juvenile mulloway at salinities of 5, 15 and 45 ppt were determined by comparing their survival, growth and blood plasma and organ chemistry with those of fish grown at the same salinities without manganese addition. Survival of mulloway at 45 ppt in the presence of 5 mg/L of manganese (73 ± 13%) was significantly lower than all other treatments, which achieved 100% survival. Those fish grown in water without manganese exhibited rapid growth, which was not affected by salinity (SGR = 4.05 ± 0.29%/day). Those fish grown at 5 ppt and 45 ppt in the presence of manganese lost weight over the 2-week trial (SGR − 0.17 ± 0.42 and − 0.44 ± 0.83%/day, respectively), whilst those at 15 ppt gained some weight (SGR 1.70 ± 0.20%/day). Manganese accumulated in the gills, liver and muscle of the fish and significant differences in blood plasma chemistry were observed. Blood plasma sodium and chloride of fish exposed to manganese were significantly elevated in hyperosmotic salinity (45 ppt) and depressed at hyposmotic salinity (5 ppt) compared with unexposed fish at the same salinity; consistent with manganese causing apoptosis or necrosis to chloride cells. We did not, however, observe any gill epithelial damage under light microscopy. Blood plasma potassium was significantly elevated at all salinities in the presence of manganese and liver potassium and glycogen reduced. These findings are consistent with manganese interfering with carbohydrate metabolism.