化学杀雄剂EXP对油菜膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性的影响

[目的]为探讨油菜化学杀雄作用特征与机理,为新型化学杀雄剂的开发利用提供理论依据。[方法]对化学杀雄剂EXP诱导甘蓝型油菜品种秦油3号、L89雄性不育过程中叶片和花蕾中过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性以及过氧化氢、丙二醛含量进行了测定。[结果]EXP处理后的油菜体内保护酶活性及过氧化氢、丙二醛含量发生显著变化,说明活性氧代谢出现了异常。同时,不同品种及器官对EXP处理的反应程度表现出较大差异。[结论]活性氧代谢失调与化学杀雄剂EXP诱导雄性败育具有关联性。     

VFB诱导烟草叶片生理生化变化与TMV抗性的关系

用VFB对烟草花叶病进行预防和治疗处理,对其抗TMV作用进行初步探讨。结果表明：用VFB的两种处理方式均可使受侵普通烟的叶绿素总含量明显升高,且预防处理要好于治疗处理;可显著降低丙二醛(MDA)的含量;可诱导普通烟中多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性增强。可见,VFB是一种良好的植物源病毒抑制剂,可诱导植物产生抗病性,增强对TMV侵染的抵抗力。     

高效液相色谱法测定饲料中的丙二醛含量

应用高效液相色谱检测饲料中丙二醛的含量,建立一种简单、快速、定量评估饲料油脂酸败程度的方法.选取鸡、猪、宠物和水产等不同饲料样本,经三氯乙酸提取,TBA衍生化,以乙腈∶磷酸二氢钾(50 mmol/L)(V/V=18/82)为流动相、C18柱分离,荧光检测器检测.结果表明:在0.02～0.20 μg/mL,丙二醛的峰面积与其质量浓度间有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9994,定量限(以信噪比为10计)为0.05 mg/kg.在鸡、猪、宠物等7种饲料样本基质中添加1、2、5 μg/kg丙二醛,其平均回收率为85％～96％,相对偏差均小于5％,满足饲料中丙二醛检测的要求.     

土壤水分含量对三七叶片生长、抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质含量的影响

通过研究土壤水分含量对三七［Panax notoginseng（Burk）F. H. Chen］叶片生长与生理的影响,探讨三七叶片对土壤水分含量的响应特点。以3 a生三七植株为材料,在人工控制土壤水分的盆栽条件下,研究在土壤含水量为田间持水量的0.45倍（0.45FC）、田间持水量的0.60倍（0.60FC）、田间持水量的0.70倍（0.70FC）和田间持水量的0.85倍（0.85FC）土壤上的三七的叶片生长和生理指标的差异。结果表明：0.60FC和0.70FC处理的三七叶片生长量、含水量、叶绿素含量和还原型谷胱甘肽含量显著高于0.45FC和0.85FC处理;丙二醛含量在4种土壤水分条件下差异不显著;在0.60FC和0.70FC处理下SOD活性、CAT活性、APX活性、脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量和可溶性总糖含量显著低于0.45FC和0.85FC处理。说明土壤水分含量过高或过低都不利于三七叶片的生长,并影响干物质的积累量,三七叶片能够通过调节保护酶活性与渗透调节物质含量适应土壤水分含量的变化。     

Acute phase proteins,proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers in sheep,goats and she-camels with Coxiella burnetii infection-induced abortion

Acute phase proteins (APPs) and oxidative stress are helpful markers in diagnosis of several infectious diseases. APPs, proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were evaluated for their role in the diagnosis of naturally acquired Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) associated with abortion in sheep, goats and she-camels. Blood, aborted materials and vaginal swabs were collected from mixed herds in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Antioxidant biomarkers showed significant decline in cases of abortion compared to control animals at delivery time. The correlation between disease status and all parameters ranged from moderate to high. The APPs, cytokines and the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) displayed a high degree of distinction between aborted sheep and goat and normal delivered animals (AUC > 0.90). However, only MDA showed a high degree of differentiation (AUC > 0.90) between aborted she-camels and normal delivered controls. In conclusion, results from our study allow us to recommend using APPs, cytokines and oxidative stress markers as an additional tool for diagnosis of naturally occurring C. burnetii infection in sheep, goats and she-camels. However, it does not replace standard procedures for detection of C. burnetii.     

不同叶龄鸭跖草对咪唑乙烟酸的耐药性差异及生理基础研究

应用盆栽的方法,比较了不同叶龄鸭跖草对咪唑乙烟酸的耐药性。结果表明,随着叶龄的增大,施药后鸭跖草叶中丙二醛(MDA)含量变化量下降,而叶绿素含量、光合速率及气孔导度恢复越快。由于3叶期开始鸭跖草耐药性迅速增强,因此,3叶以前是鸭跖草施药的最佳时期。     

Aluminium-induced effects on growth,morphogenesis and oxidative stress reactions in in vitro cultures of quince

The effects of Al³⁺ [supplied as Al₂(SO₄)₃·18H₂O] addition to culture media (pH 4.0) on growth, morphogenesis (in leaf explants), and oxidative stress reactions in in vitro cultures of ‘BA 29’ quince were investigated. Aluminium (Al 0.5 mM) strongly inhibited shoot growth in the proliferation and rooting phases (Al 2.2 mM), reduced shoot proliferation (Al 1.1 mM), and induced tissue browning. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased in shoot cultures supplemented with 2 mM Al. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of shoots was strongly increased by Al during proliferation (starting from Al 1.7 mM) and rooting (already at Al 1.1 mM), thus serving as a good ‘marker’ for Al toxicity. Even a low concentration of Al (0.5 mM) in the shoot induction medium was found to inhibit shoot regeneration. When standard (Al 0) shoot induction medium was used, leaf explant growth was only reduced by 2.2 mM Al in the subsequent growth phases. Following a preliminary selection for their growth on Al-enriched media, 82 potentially Al-tolerant quince somaclones were selected for further trials.     

外源Ca~(2+)对低温胁迫下棉花幼苗生理生化特性的影响

采用不同浓度的CaCl2溶液处理棉花幼苗,并对幼苗进行1℃的低温胁迫处理,研究不同处理对棉花幼苗存活率、丙二醛（MDA）含量、电解质渗透率及游离脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明,CaCl2处理可显著降低低温胁迫后棉花幼苗的丙二醛含量和细胞膜电解质渗透率,增加其游离脯氨酸含量,提高其抗寒性。     

油菜短柄叶光合衰退及其对产量的影响

以中双9号、中油杂11号和华油杂14号油菜为材料,测定花后短柄叶光合速率及生理指标,探讨短柄叶光合衰退与叶绿素含量等因素之间的关系及其对油菜产量的影响。结果表明,油菜短柄叶光合速率随叶片衰老而逐渐降低,1,5-二磷酸羧化酶(RuBPCase)、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈现出下降趋势,膜脂过氧化作用产物丙二醛(MDA)在叶片光合功能衰退过程中含量逐渐上升。油菜叶片光合衰退与RuBPCase含量、可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素含量和SOD活性存在显著相关关系,表明光合速率的下降可能与油菜叶片衰老过程中N含量、叶绿素降解及蛋白质合成受抑制相关;SOD和CAT水平逐渐降低及MDA含量升高也表明,叶片衰老过程中氧自由基胁迫抑制光合作用。叶片光合作用与油菜单株产量的相关关系分析结果表明,油菜短柄叶光合速率,特别是短柄叶衰退的中后期光合速率是影响油菜产量的重要因素。     

干旱处理迫对花生品种叶片保护酶活性和渗透物质含量的影响

以花育22和花育25为试验材料,利用防雨棚池栽人工模拟干旱胁迫逆境试验,调查苗期、花针期和结荚期水分胁迫对花生叶片膜脂过氧化、渗透调节物质含量和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明,干旱处理初期,两品种抗氧化系统和渗透调节物质各成分的反应并不完全一致,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、可溶性蛋白质(Pr)、游离氨基酸(AA)、脯氨酸含量(Pro)显著升高,但随干旱处理进行,其活性明显降低,保护酶活性与渗透调节物质降低时间基本同步,POD活性对水分胁迫的响应较弱, 丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高,随干旱处理历时延长,含量降低,其降低时间滞后于保护酶活性,花育22 MDA含量高于花育25;各生育期干旱处理结束后,SOD、CAT、Pr、AA、Pro含量明显升高,且在水分敏感的花针期升幅均较大;苗期干旱对生育后期保护酶及渗透调节能力的影响较小; SOD和CAT是花生适应抗旱胁迫的主要抗氧化酶,各渗透调节物质调节能力表现为可溶性蛋白质>可溶性糖>游离氨基酸>脯氨酸;花育25抗旱适应能力较强。