Les immunostimulants orientent la reponse locale au virus de l''I.B.R. vers la production d''Interferon

Immuno-adjuvants like MDP or levamisole inoculated in the calf through general route increase the respiratory mucosa response to the irradiation inactivated IBRV.

We have shown from the 2nd day of the inoculation an interferon activity in the nasal mucus. This interferon partially destroyed at pH2 and at 56°C, persists in the respiratory fluids for one week. It is never found in the sera of the animals.

This inactivated virus given through nasal route does not stimulate antibody production in the local system or in the serum.

The dose of levamisole administered is critical: 5 mg/kg are the minimal quantity required to give a favourable answer whereas the 2.5 mg/kg normally used are without effect.

The interferon presence in the respiratory fluids gives a satisfactory interpretation of the good resistance to respiratory infection obtained in 500 calves with this treatment: inactivated virus by nasal route and immuno-adjuvant by intradermic or intramuscular route.     

Evaluation of a new oscillometric blood pressure monitor in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs

Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a new veterinary oscillometric noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitor in anesthetized dogs. Study design Assessment was made to determine how closely indirect measurements were associated with direct measurements, and if there were statistically significant differences between the measurements by site. Animals Six mongrel dogs weighing 27.8 ± 2.9 kg. Methods Dogs were anesthetized with thiopental and maintained with isoflurane, which was delivered with controlled ventilation. Direct pressure measurements were obtained via a percutaneously placed arterial catheter. A range of systolic arterial pressures (SAP) were achieved by changing the isoflurane concentrations. Sites of cuff placement for indirect measurements were identified as metacarpus, metatarsus, and anterior tibial. Results At pressures below 80 mm Hg, indirect systolic measurements averaged 4 ± 3 mm Hg, higher than the direct values. At normal and high levels, indirect systolic measurements underestimated direct values by 18 ± 6 and 23 ± 6 mm Hg, respectively. Diastolic and mean pressure measurements followed the same trend, with indirect values being lower than the direct arterial pressures. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure measurements differed by cuff‐placement site. Conclusions When analyzed by site and level, indirect systolic and mean arterial blood pressures during hypotension were essentially the same as direct pressures. However, at pressures within the normal or high range, indirect measurements underestimated the direct pressures. Clinical relevance Noninvasive blood pressure measurements with a new oscillometric monitor provided an excellent means of detecting arterial hypotension in anesthetized dogs. The metatarsal site for cuff placement was slightly better than the metacarpal or anterior tibial site, considering that the regression line was closest to complete equality between the indirect and direct measurements for SAP.     

Effect of season and location on the crop contents of local and improved scavenging hens in northern Vietnam

An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of season (dry and rainy), location (lowland and highland villages) and breed (local and improved) on the amount and physical and chemical composition of the scavenged feed. This was done by crop content analysis of a total of 192 Ri (local) and 192 Luongphuong (LP, improved) hens at 20 weeks of age. The mean fresh weights of the crop contents were 16.9 and 33.3 g, for the dry and rainy seasons, respectively (p < 0.001), 24.3 and 25.9 g, for the Ri and LP breeds, respectively (p < 0.001), and 25.0 and 25.3 g, for the lowland and highland village, respectively (p > 0.05). The proportions of contents were human food leftovers 38.4% and 24.3%, grains 20.9% and 33.7%, insects and worms 9.6% and 11.2%, and green materials 8.8% and 13.8%, for the dry and rainy seasons, respectively (p < 0.05). The proportion of green materials was higher in the LP hens and highland villages, while the proportion of grains was higher in the Ri hens and lowland village (p < 0.05). The dry matter, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), total ash (Ash), calcium (Ca), phosphorus, and metabolizable energy (ME) contents were significantly higher for the rainy season (p < 0.01), and CP, Ash, Ca and ME were higher for the LP hens. The crude fibre content was higher in the dry season, and in the Ri hens and highland village (p < 0.001). The total and essential amino acid concentrations were significantly higher in the rainy season, and in the LP hens (p < 0.05), but were not different between locations (p > 0.05). Nutrient intakes from scavenging were estimated at between 20% and 30% of requirements.     

澳洲楼来牛改良本地黄牛效果观察

澳洲楼来牛具有生长速度快,早熟,易肥,饲料转化率高,屠宰率高,肉质好和耐粗饲,适应能力强等特点。用来改良昭平本地黄牛,在以放牧为主的粗放饲养务件下,通过观察楼黄一代牛与本地黄牛在体型外貌、生长速度、肉用性能等方面的效果,探讨改良昭平本地黄牛较理想的当家品种,以适应农村农户粗放饲养的特点。     

Soil Nitrogen Distribution and Plant Nitrogen Utilization in Direct-Seeded Rice in Response to Deep Placement of Basal Fertilizer-Nitrogen

Deep placement of controlled-release fertilizer increases nitrogen(N) use efficiency in rice planting but is expensive. Few studies on direct-seeded rice have examined the effects of deep placement of conventional fertilizer. With prilled urea serving as N fertilizer, a two-year field experiment with two N rates(120 and 195 kg/hm~2) and four basal N application treatments(B50, all fertilizer was broadcast with 50% as basal N; D50, D70 and D100 corresponded to 50%, 70% and 100% of N deeply placed as basal N, respectively) were conducted in direct-seeded rice in 2013 and 2014. Soil N distribution and plant N uptake were analyzed. The results showed that deep placement of basal N significantly increased total N concentrations in soil. Significantly greater soil N concentrations were observed in D100 compared with B50 at 0, 6 and 12 cm(lateral distance) from the fertilizer application point both at mid-tillering and heading stages. D100 presented the highest values of dry matter and N accumulation from seeding to mid-tillering stages, but it presented the lowest values from heading to maturity stages and the lowest grain yield for no sufficient N supply at the reproductive stage. The grain yield of D50 was the highest, however, no significant difference was observed in grain yield, N agronomic efficiency or N recovery efficiency between D70 and D50, or between D70 and B50, while D70 was more labor saving than D50 for only one topdressing was applied in D70 compared with twice in other treatments. The above results indicated that 70% of fertilizer-N deeply placed as a basal fertilizer and 30% of fertilizer-N topdressed as a panicle fertilizer constituted an ideal approach for direct-seeded rice. This recommendation was further verified through on-farm demonstration experiments in 2015, in which D70 produced in similar grain yields as B50 did.     

利木赞牛改良陕北本地黄牛效果分析

对榆林市神木县地区和延安地区相同营养水平下的298头利木赞牛改良陕北本地黄牛F1代及陕北本地黄牛的体重和部分体尺指标进行了测定,并进行数据分析。结果表明:利木赞牛与陕北本地黄牛杂交F1代的体高、体长、胸围和髋宽均比陕北本地黄牛有所提高,且差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);初生牛的平均体重公牛43.95 kg,母牛41.11 kg,分别比本地黄牛提高126.5%、120.78%,改良效果十分显著。     

土壤局部改良对陕北山地果园苹果生长发育及果实品质的影响

选用4种材料对山地果园土壤进行局部改良,探究不同的改良材料对树体营养、果实产量和果实品质的影响。选用陕北地区主栽的富士系10年生烟富6号/八棱海棠为试验材料,在每棵树两侧距离树干1 m处挖条沟,取羊粪、椰壳、草炭、秸秆4种材料各50L,与150L园土混合后进行土壤局部改良处理,以不进行土壤改良的果树作为对照,测定苹果树生长发育、叶片以及果实指标,比较不同处理的改良效果。用羊粪进行土壤局部改良可显著增加叶片干鲜质量、叶绿素含量和果实品质,其中总叶绿素含量和可溶性固形物含量分别较CK增加23.82%,14.36%;用草炭进行土壤局部改良可显著提高叶片光合特性和果实产量,其中光合速率和果实总产量分别较CK增加53.74%,14.76%;椰壳处理叶片干质量、叶片鲜质量、总叶绿素含量、果实产量分别较CK显著增加了16.65%,18.84%,20.19%,18.19%;秸秆处理的果实明亮度与果实产量较CK显著提高了8.09%,5.40%。4种改良材料均提高了果实品质和产量,均可作为陕北地区土壤局部改良的材料,且以施用椰壳的处理效果最好。     

云南地方气候对发展花卉产业的贡献与制约

通过对我国主要花卉栽培地（昆明、广州、上海）气候特征的比较分析,从理论上探讨了云南独特的气候条件地发展花卉的贡献与制约,可为云南新兴支柱产业的提供科学依据。