发达国家技术性贸易壁垒对中国 茶叶出口的影响分析

基于1995-2012年中国对英法德日美等国茶叶出口数据,使用修正的引力模型,对技术性贸易壁垒对中国茶叶出口的影响进行了研究.结果发现:发达国家技术性贸易壁垒对中国茶叶出口发挥了显著的负向影响并存在地区差异,而中国自身设置的质量安全及检测等标准不构成技术性贸易壁垒;中国茶叶在发达国家经济体的消费市场随着发达程度的提升而表现下降趋势,中国茶叶进入发达经济体的技术性贸易壁垒呈现不断增强态势,由此也导致中国茶叶出口结构向发展中国家和地区转移.     

中国粮食出口影响因素实证研究

利用计量经济模型,结合1991要2011 年的相关数据对中国粮食出口影响因素进行了实证研究,结果发 现,粮食贸易政策对我国粮食出口产生了显著影响,特别是1995 年和1996 年实施的粮食出口政策对粮食出口量产 生了显著的负向影响,2008 年以来我国实施的粮食出口控制措施对粮食出口量也产生了显著的负向影响。汇率和人 均粮食产量对我国粮食出口都有显著的负向影响,国际粮价对我国粮食出口没有显著影响。最后提出了相应的对策 建议。     

FTA 背景下中国对韩国水产品出口贸易增长研究———基于CMS模型的实证分析

在中日韩自由贸易协定(FTA)的背景下,利用修正后的CMS模型,对2002-2012年中国对韩国水产品出口贸易的情况进行分析.结果表明:结构效应是中国对韩国水产品出口增长的主要因素;与此同时,中国偏低的竞争力和竞争与结构交叉效应,在一定程度上又阻碍了中国对韩国水产品出口的快速增长,但在固定水产品类别上的优势,保证了中国对韩国水产品出口的稳定增长.为此,政府部门应加强水产品食品安全工作,建立交流平台,实现信息公开化,以及加大对水产品自主品牌的建立.     

食品安全标准的贸易效应分析——以中国农产品出口为例

食品安全标准已经成为中国农产品出口的主要障碍。运用扩展引力模型,使用面板数据分析了食品安全标准对中国农产品出口的影响。结果表明,短期内,食品安全标准抑制贸易,长期内则促进贸易。因此,应充分理解食品安全标准对中国农产品出口的潜在影响,短期内可开拓食品安全标准较宽松的市场,使出口市场多元化;长期内需要不断提高产品的质量水平。     

Digestive enzyme activity during early larval development of the Cuban gar Atractosteus tristoechus

The ontogenesis of digestive enzymes (proteases, amylases, lipases, and phosphatases) in Cuban gar Atractosteus tristoechus was determined in larvae between 5 and 18 days after hatching (DAH). Variations in specific activities of most enzymes were related to the transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding and to the transition from the larval to the juvenile stage. Alkaline protease activity was not detected until 8 DAH in contrast to acid protease activity, which was quantifiable at 5 DAH. Acid protease activity was consistently higher than alkaline protease activity, indicating the presence of a functional stomach in the early stages of larval development. The acid protease activities of larvae and adults were compared by means of zymogram analysis. Four acid protease bands were found in adults (two more than in larvae). This result is the first time that more than one band of acid proteolytic activity has been found in Lepisosteidae. High lipase activity indicated the importance of lipid utilization, particularly during yolk-sac absorption. In contrast to the other enzymes studied, amylase activity was consistently low, probably due to the strictly carnivorous diet of gar larvae and their low capacity for carbohydrate digestion. High activities of aminopeptidase and acid and alkaline phosphatases suggest intestinal absorption. This result, together with the existence of a short gut and a lower proteolytic activity in the intestine than in the stomach, suggest that most of the proteolytic activity takes place in the stomach, while the primary function of the intestine is nutrient uptake.     

Effects of weaning age and diets on ontogeny of digestive activities and structures of pikeperch (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sander lucioperca</Emphasis>) larvae

Growth and ontogeny of digestive function were studied in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae weaned on artificial food at different ages. Three weaning treatments initiated respectively on day 9 (W9), day 15 (W15) or day 21 (W21) post-hatching (p.h.) were compared with a control group, fed Artemia nauplii from first feeding until the end of the rearing trial on day 36 p.h. The digestive enzyme activities and the ontogeny of digestive structures were investigated using enzymatic assays and histological methods. Growth of pikeperch larvae was significantly affected by precocious weaning. Pancreatic (trypsin and amylase) and intestinal (leucine-alanine peptidase, leucine aminopeptidase N and alkaline phosphatase) enzyme activities were detected from hatching onwards, increased at the moment of first feeding and then decreased. Pepsin secretion occurred at day 29 p. h. only, concurrently with the stomach development and differentiation of gastric glands. In the early weaning group (W9) the maturation process of intestinal enterocytes seems to be impaired and/or delayed and several signs of malnutrition were recorded. Except for alkaline phosphatase activity, no differences in enzyme activities and development of digestive structures were observed among the control, W21, and W15 groups. Moreover, at the end of the experiment, no differences in proteolytic activities were observed among larvae from the different treatments, indicating that, in surviving individuals, the digestive structures were properly developed and the larvae had acquired an adult mode of digestion. Based on the artificial diet used, our results suggested that pikeperch larvae can be weaned from day 15 p.h. without significant adverse effect on digestive capacities (except for alkaline phosphatase) or development of digestive tract, while earlier weaning impaired the onset of the maturation processes of the digestive system, both in terms of morphological structures and enzymatic activities.     

Making Asian students,making students Asian: The racialisation of export education in Auckland,New Zealand

Abstract: In recent years, international education has become a source of considerable political, academic and media debate in New Zealand. This is nowhere more the case than with regards to Auckland, the New Zealand city that has hosted the greatest number of international students. This paper focuses on the media debates around international students in Auckland with particular emphasis on the representations of the largest group of international students, those who originate from countries within the North‐East Asian region. The media representations of these students have fixed a diverse group of individuals within a singular racial identity that is known by stereotypical economic, cultural and social characteristics. As a result, these representations have further problematised the interaction between international students and the host population in Auckland while simultaneously implicating a cohort of young New Zealand citizens and permanent residents who are of similar descent within the same discourses. This process of othering the Asian student, regardless of citizenship, has consequences not simply for the practice of exporting education in this city but also for the future of a multicultural Auckland and New Zealand.     

世界大蒜贸易以及中国出口动态分析

分析了世界大蒜区域贸易状况、世界大蒜主要进出口国家的贸易状况、世界大蒜进出口价格以及中国大蒜的出口总量、出口流向和出口国际竞争力,有助于深入了解世界大蒜贸易格局和中国大蒜出口动态。     

拉萨河流域非点源污染输出风险评估

有效识别流域非点源污染高风险区,对污染控制与管理以及水环境质量改善具有重要意义。该研究以拉萨河流域为研究对象,构建包括降雨、地形和施肥影响因子的输出风险模型,识别流域各级非点源污染输出风险的地域单元。结果表明:1996年和2010年,非点源污染输出风险概率分别为50.0%和46.3%;非点源污染风险处于较高以上程度的区域面积分别为12 985.8和11 628.0 km2,占全区总面积的38.9%和34.9%;与1996年相比,2010年非点源污染风险程度由低级别向高级别转换的总面积约为6 674.3 km2。拉萨河流域非点源污染发生的风险概率为中等,风险程度在局部范围内有所下降,主要表现在高风险区域面积减少、低风险区域面积增加,但是中等和较高风险区域面积有增加趋势。土地利用变化、农业生产和水土流失是非点源污染发生的主要原因,应巩固生态环境综合治理成果,提前应对可能出现的非点源污染问题,制定生态农业发展规划,营造控制非点源污染迁移的植被缓冲带。     

人民币汇率升值的动态可计算一般均衡分析

在动态可计算一般均衡(MCHUGE)模型的基础上,考察了人民币汇率稳步升值对中国对外开放和经济增长的影响。外贸方面,人民币升值会降低总的出口量,提高总的进口量,增加贸易赤字,但长期和短期,对不同产品的进出口影响不一;外资方面,人民币升值会降低我国的外汇储备,加大我国对外直接投资,同时外商对我国的投资会增加;宏观影响方面人民币升值将促进农业、采矿业、公共服务、建筑业、服务业的产出,但在升值初期并不利于制造业的产出,但是总就业和总资本存量的增加最终会带动GDP的增长。