活化风蚀坑沙障固沙技术及植被恢复

风蚀坑活化形成的流动沙地直接危害草场,使土地逐渐丧失生产力。结合风蚀坑内风速变化特征,采取风蚀坑及边坡、风蚀坑积沙区沙障固沙技术,恢复风蚀坑植被。结果表明:风蚀坑及边坡设置黄柳沙障3 a,植被覆盖率达到27.0%,植物种为7种;PE纱网沙障植被覆盖率为31.0%,植物种为11种;PLA沙障植被覆盖率达到15.6%,植物种为4种;黄柳+PE复合沙障植被覆盖率达到75.3%,植物种为6种,而对照植被覆盖率为1.6%,植物种2种。在风蚀坑积沙区,设置沙障3 a后,PE纱网沙障植物种达到10种,黄柳+PE沙障为8种,PLA沙障为4种,黄柳沙障6种,而对照为1种;植被覆盖率分别达到50.3%、50.7%、22.7%、40.0%,而对照为4.0%。采取网格或带状PE沙障,带状黄柳+带状PE沙障对风蚀坑植被恢复具有良好效果。     

操作数据存储在土地信息集成模型中应用研究

对数据仓库应用中的操作数据存储进行扩展,提出土地信息操作数据存储,将业务数据与基础数据实现隔离,利用面向事务处理方式提高了系统的响应速度;通过统一建模语言中的消息/返回机制实现业务系统间的信息流与业务系统内的工作流的无缝集成,解决了无法因数据结构与业务流程的差异而无法实现不同业务系统连接的问题。     

开垦对草甸土有机碳的影响

本文利用经典统计学和地统计学相结合的方法,选取科尔沁沙地东南缘草甸土两块10×10m的样地为例,分析了草地开垦8a后的耕地耕作层土壤有机碳含量和空间分布格局的变化,结果表明:草地与耕地表层(0～10cm)土壤有机碳含量差异不显著,草地亚表层(10～20cm)土壤有机碳含量低于耕地(p<0.05);草地与耕地表层和亚表层土壤有机碳空间分布格局具有明显差异,表现为草地的表层和亚表层的结构异质性分别大于耕地,分数维小于耕地,空间依赖性强于耕地,空间分布格局的破碎程度弱于耕地。耕地表层与亚表层土壤有机碳含量差异不显著(p<0.05),但空间结构特征和空间分布格局存在明显的差异;而草地表层与亚表层土壤有机碳含量差异显著(p<0.05),但空间结构特征和空间分布格局比较相似。因此,开垦不仅影响草甸土有机碳含量的高低,而且影响其空间结构特征和分布格局。这对进一步了解草地开垦对土壤有机碳及全球碳循环和气候变化的影响具有重要意义。     

昌图县土地利用地理信息系统的设计与实现

根据县级土地利用管理的自身特点及管理需求,设计了昌图县土地利用地理信息系统,并且介绍了系统的总体结构,论述了系统的设计思想,阐述了各子系统的功能以及技术实现。     

基于规划方案的港区土地集约利用评价研究——以董家口港为例

以青岛港董家口港区为例,针对港口的土地利用特征,在港区土地利用规划方案的基础上,建立针对港区土地集约利用的评价指标体系,借助GIS工具实现规划方案的港区土地利用数据剥离,采用加权和法进行集约度分析。研究结果表明,董家口港区规划方案的土地利用集约度综合得分为95.87,土地利用状况和用地效益的目标得分分别达到94.17和98.77,土地集约利用水平较高,反映出董家口港区的土地利用规划方案已经达到集约,是比较科学合理的。     

基于GIS的海口市滨海旅游区土地利用的生态环境效应研究

利用海口市2008年社会经济数据,采用生态环境效应评价模型,对研究区构建区域土地利用变化生态环境影响效应评价指标体系,通过层次分析法得到各个指标的权重,进而得到海口市滨海旅游区2008年生态环境效应评价指数,并在GIS中通过空间叠加分析得到研究区不同土地利用格局的环境效应状态评价。结果表明:2008年海口市滨海旅游区,生态环境综合效应指数为0.582,结合生态环境质量评判标准,得出该区域生态环境处于一般状态,生态系统服务功能已有退化。研究区不同土地利用格局表现出不同状态,主要表现在建设用地生态环境恶劣,未利用地生态环境较差,耕地生态环境状态一般,水域生态系统处于良好状态,有林地和湿地的生态环境处于理想状态。     

土地利用方式对雅江中游土壤理化性质及 颗粒分形特征的影响

采取野外调查和室内试验相结合方法,分析了雅江中游4种土地利用方式基本理化性质,并运用土壤颗粒体积分形维数模型研究了不同土地利用方式土壤颗粒分形特征及与土壤粒径、性状关系。结果表明:(1)不同土地利用方式0~30 cm土壤理化性质差异显著(P0.05),土壤容重表现为稀疏灌丛农耕地荒草地人工林地,随着土壤层次增加,土壤容重呈增大趋势。总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、饱和持水率、毛管持水率均与容重规律相反;(2)4种土地利用方式主要以粉粒、砂粒为主,黏粒含量仅占到0.36%~4.27%,土壤质地偏砂性;(3)0~30 cm土壤颗粒体积分形维数平均值的顺序为:农耕地荒草地人工林地稀疏灌丛。人工林地具有较好的土壤结构,相对疏松、通透性好。而稀疏灌丛受到砾石影响,分形维数最小,但在保水保肥能力上最弱;(4)土壤颗粒体积分形维数与砂粒体积百分含量呈极显著负相关(r=–0.873,P0.01);与粉粒体积百分含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.860,P0.01);与黏粒体积百分含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.913,P0.01)。这表明,一定程度上,研究区分形维数可作为评估水土流失的指标;(5)土壤颗粒体积分形维数与各土壤单一物理性质具有不同程度相关性,其中与总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、饱和含水量、毛管含水量均为正相关关系,而与容重、有机质呈负相关关系。     

农村居民点空间分布与土地整理研究——以重庆江津市为例

根据江津市26个乡镇1∶1万土地利用详图,在地理信息系统软件mapinfo环境下,提取得到该市农村居民点空间分布特征参数,分析江津市农村居民点空间分布、土地利用特点,并结合区域自然条件、城镇村发展规划及生态退耕项目,针对不同农村居民点提出相应的土地整理模式。     

保定市土地利用变化及驱动力分析

为探索研究区土地利用变化及其驱动因素,根据保定市区2008～2013年土地利用现状、社会经济统计数据,分析了保定市土地利用变化,并运用主成分分析法对影响研究区土地利用变化的驱动力因素进行了研究.结果表明:2008 ～ 2013年保定市区的耕地面积呈现下降趋势,城镇村及工矿用地面积呈现逐年递增趋势;保定市区土地利用程度的变化率均小于0,保定市区土地利用程度正处在调整期或衰退期;经济发展、人口增长与农业发展、城市化进程的不断加快等社会因子是导致保定市土地利用情况发生变化的主要驱动力.     

Effects of land ownership and landscape-level factors on rare-species richness in natural areas of southern Ontario,Canada

Surprisingly few studies have considered the extent to which the nature of the ownership of land is associated with differences in biodiversity. We analysed ownership and other landscape-level effects on rare-species richness for both globally- and regionally-rare biota (including birds, herpetofauna, butterflies, mammals, and plants) in 289 designated natural areas (NAs) in southern Ontario, Canada. Information about each NA −including area, number of plant communities, ownership status and details of species diversity were collected from published sources. Length of perimeter of NA, relative isolation, and an estimate of fragmentation were measured using image analysis and GIS techniques. NAs were in general relatively small, with mean area of 158 ha (median 85 ha, range from 0.9 to 1278 ha) for private NAs; public NAs had mean area of 132 ha (median 16 ha, range from 0.1 to 1481 ha). Mean number of plant communities was 4.6 (median 4, range 1- 13) at private NAs and 3.8 (median 3, range 1-16) at public NAs. Our results show that, of several landscape-level factors, area had the greatest effects on rare-species richness and other biotic indices. Effects of area were followed by effects of plant community diversity, however this was itself significantly affected by area and the extent of perimeter of the NA. Both these factors were followed by effects of ownership of the NA and by effects of isolation of the NA (represented by minimum distance to nearest NA and by number of NAs in 10 km radius). Other landscape- level factors did not appear to have overall significant effects. Variation in area accounted for 0.1% to 29% of variation in number of rare species, with lower values for globally-rare, than for regionally-rare taxa. For all biotic groups, public ownership of NAs was associated with significantly greater rare-species richness compared to private ownership, even after other factors such as area were controlled. For all globally-rare biota except butterflies, area of NA had greater effects on rare-species richness than did ownership. Richness of regionally- rare birds was more affected by plant community diversity than by area of NA. Number of recorded plant communities accounted from 2.1% of variation in number of globally-rare plant species to as high as 31% of variation in regionally-rare butterflies. The diversity of plant communities was itself influenced by total site area (accounting for 45% of variation), extent of elongation of the NA, and both external- and interior- edge perimeters. Public NAs had greatest numbers of rare biota and so should be a significant focus for conservation programs. Smaller, privately-owned patches of natural area dominate (by number and area) in this densely populated region and their significance should not be overlooked. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.