酸面团酵母菌Sy22的分离与发酵性能评价

为了获得性能优良的面团发酵菌株,本试验从来自内蒙古的发酵酸面团中分离获得5株酵母菌株,分别对其发酵性能进行测定,最终选取性能优良菌株Sy22进一步研究。基于形态学、生理生化试验以及26SrDNAD1/D2区序列分析综合测试结果,菌株Sy22被鉴定为酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)。在30℃下发酵12h,分别对单独添加该菌株面团的发酵性能以及该菌株与类食品乳杆菌412联合发酵面团的发酵性能、活菌数进行研究,结果显示:单一酵母菌株发酵后,面团pH由6.07降至5.36,滴定酸度由3.6°T增加到5.02°T,发酵力为0～1.32%;联合菌株发酵后,酸面团pH由5.58下降至3.85,滴定酸度由5.24°T增加到14.02°T,发酵力为0～1.79%,酸面团中的酵母菌活菌数为8.2×108 CFU/g,乳杆菌412活菌数为9.6×109 CFU/g。由此得出,菌株Sy22可单独作为面团发酵菌株使用,能很好的参与面团的发酵;与类食品乳杆菌412联合后发酵能力好,并表现出良好共生性。     

内蒙古双峰驼乳及乳制品中乳杆菌的分离及其生物学特性的研究

本实验主要对11份双峰骆驼乳样品进行了乳酸杆菌的分离和生物学特性的研究。将分离到的16株革兰氏阳性、过氧化氢酶试验阴性杆菌，分别鉴定为Lactobacillus casei subsp.casei(5株）、Lactobacllus plantarum(4株）和Lactobacillus delbrueki subsp.lactis等同型发酵乳杆菌和2株异型发酵乳杆菌（AZ41－1和AZ44－1）。多数菌株为15℃生长良好，以中温性菌株占优势。脱脂乳中产酸量较低。     

中性益生菌牛乳的研制

牛乳添加低聚果糖，杀菌后加入嗜酸乳杆菌和婴儿双歧杆菌，可以制得中性益生菌牛乳。中性环境、低温和低聚果糖的保证了在保质期内产品的益生菌具有非常良好的活性，产品各项指标合理，具有润肠通便和调节免疫等功能，无任何毒性。产品口感浓郁，生产工艺合理可行，具有很现实的指导意义。     

The effect of different additives on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of pea/wheat bi-crop silages containing contrasting pea to wheat ratios

Studies were conducted to compare the effects of using two microbial inoculants, a sulphite salt‐based additive, formic acid and quebracho tannins, on the fermentation quality, nutritive value and aerobic stability of pea/wheat bi‐crop silages. Spring peas (Pisum sativum var. Magnus) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Axona) were drilled together at rates that gave high (HP/W; 3:1) or low (LP/W; 1:3) pea to wheat ratios. The peas and wheat were harvested at the yellow wrinkled pods and late milk/early dough maturity stage, respectively, and conserved in 1·5‐kg polyethylene bag, laboratory silos. The bi‐crops were conserved without treatment (control) or treated with either of two lactic acid bacteria‐based inoculants [Lactobacillus buchneri; applied at 10⁵ colony‐forming units (CFU) g^–1 fresh weight (FW) or Lactobacillus plantarum (applied at 10⁶ CFU g^–1 FW)], sulphite salts (applied at the rate of 1 ml sulphite solution kg^–1 FW), quebracho tannins (applied at 16 g kg^–1 FW) and formic acid (applied at 2·5 g kg^–1 FW). Six replicates were made for each treatment, and the silos were opened after 112 days of ensilage. The level of peas in the bi‐crop influenced the effectiveness of the additives. With the exception of sulphite salts, all the additives significantly reduced the soluble nitrogen (N) and ammonia‐N concentrations of all the silages. The ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid was generally lower in the LP/W silages than in the HP/W silages, and the additive treatments only increased the in vitro digestible organic matter in dry matter of the LP/W silages. Of all the additives evaluated, formic acid resulted in the least aerobic spoilage in HP/W bi‐crop silages. However, in the LP/W bi‐crops, additive treatment was not necessary for ensuring aerobic stability.     

金针菇保键饮料的研制

以金针菇为原料，用经驯化的嗜酸乳杆菌发酵制成乳酸发酵金针菇饮料。通过正交试验和感观评定，确定了最佳工艺参数：接种量6％，发酵温度37℃，培养时间12h，蔗糖5％，复合稳定剂0．22％，杀菌条件85℃，15min，苹果香精加入量为0．01‰。     

Screening of two probiotic products for use in fermented liquid feed

In this trial two commercial probiotic products (Bactocell® and Adjulact® Pro) were investigated in vitro for their use as microbial inoculum for the production of fermented liquid feed (FLF) for pigs. Bactocell® was applied at a dose of 9 and 10 log₁₀ CFU/kg and Adjulact® Pro at a level of 9 log₁₀ CFU/kg. The FLF (control and treatments) was prepared with a water to feed ratio of 4:1 and run in batch for 72 h at 30 °C. The microbial population was followed with plate countings and the lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol concentration was determined at different time points in the FLF. After 24 h, significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between the control and the Adjulact® Pro FLF for pH (4.7 vs 4.3), lactic acid (57.9 vs 91.5 mmol/L), acetic acid (23.1 vs 6.8 mmol/L), ethanol (24.5 vs 1.1 mmol/L), coliforms (7.2 vs 4.3 log₁₀ CFU/mL) and E. coli (6.2 vs 4.4 log₁₀ CFU/mL). Bactocell® addition did not alter the fermentation characteristics compared to the control FLF. After 72 h no significant differences between treatments were noted, except for the yeast count which was higher in the FLF inoculated with Adjulact® Pro.     

益生菌干酪乳杆菌LC-15生长及发酵特性研究

益生菌发酵剂对于益生菌发酵乳制品的开发与应用有很重要的研究意义,对一株具有降低胆固醇作用的益生菌干酪乳杆菌LC-15(Lactobacillus casei LC-15)进行生长发酵特性的研究。通过对干酪乳杆菌LC-15的生长及发酵特性的测定:确定了干酪乳杆菌LC-15在复原脱脂乳中凝乳需10h,12h时pH达到4.5,滴定酸度达到81.5°T,最适生长温度为38℃;药敏实验表明,干酪乳杆菌LC-15对四环素、氯霉素和红霉素高度敏感;该菌发酵乳所含挥发性风味物质中酮类物质与各类挥发性脂肪酸总含量分别达到了35.91%和52.52%;干酪乳杆菌LC-15发酵乳在前期发酵中酸度变化不大,有一定程度的后酸化现象;在pH4.0的PBS缓冲溶液4℃贮存10d总菌落下降近一个数量级;干酪乳杆菌LC-15在与其他发酵菌以3:1:1混合培养时,在39℃培养条件下6h开始凝乳,比干酪乳杆菌LC-15单菌发酵缩短4h。     

鸡消化道内容物乳酸菌的分离与鉴定

为了分离鸡消化道中的乳酸菌,用BL和改良MRS培养基进行菌种分离,通过生化试验、乳酸纸层析等方法进行鉴定,结果自鸡嗉囊和盲肠中分离到产酸能力强的菌株8株,经鉴定为唾液乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌和肠球菌为主。其中嗉囊中以唾液乳杆菌为主,盲肠中以发酵乳杆菌为主,其次是唾液乳杆菌和肠球菌。     

乳酸菌制剂对鸡新城疫HI抗体效价影响的研究

本研究利用两株乳酸杆菌L.casei.zhang和MG2-1制成乳酸菌液和发酵乳以不同的剂量灌服给雏鸡,在10日龄和28日龄进行两次新城疫疫苗(IV系)滴鼻点眼免疫,在二免后的第7天和14天检测血凝抑制效价。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验各组抗体水平均达到显著或极显著水平,可提高抗体水平0.61～1.77(log2)。由于菌株、剂量等的差异,各试验组在提高抗体水平上也有所不同。两株乳酸杆菌制成乳酸菌液和发酵乳对雏鸡免疫机能均有促进作用。     

口服利福昔明片对 AA 肉仔鸡肠道正常菌群的影响

考察利福昔明片对AA肉仔鸡肠道正常菌群的影响，为其在兽医临床上推广应用提供科学依据。选用10日龄健康 AA 肉鸡，分别以25、50、100 mg／kg 经口灌服利福昔明片，连续用药3 d，并于首次用药后第4、7、10天处死仔鸡，取盲肠和回肠内容物进行乳酸杆菌和大肠埃希菌的选择性培养并计数，以此评价利福昔明片对肉仔鸡肠道菌群数量的影响。结果显示，利福昔明片高、中、低剂量组对回肠和盲肠的大肠埃希菌菌群数目与空白对照组相比数量减少，其中100 mg／kg 剂量组在首次用药后第4 天对盲肠大肠埃希菌影响差异显著，其他各剂量组无显著差异。利福昔明片高、中、低剂量组对回肠和盲肠的乳酸杆菌与空白对照组相比数量增加，但差异不显著。结果表明，利福昔明片对肠道内乳酸杆菌等益生菌没有影响，但能降低肠道内大肠埃希菌的数量。