热灭活嗜酸乳杆菌培养物在饲料工业中的应用

此文介绍了嗜酸乳杆菌生物学特性、热灭活嗜酸乳杆菌培养物作为饲料添加剂的优势及其在饲料工业中的应用研究进展。     

Tylosin-responsive chronic diarrhea in dogs

Fourteen dogs had shown chronic or intermittent diarrhea for more than 1 year. Diarrhea had been successfully treated with tylosin for at least 6 months but recurred when treatment was withdrawn on at least 2 occasions. Tylosin-responsive diarrhea (TRD) affects typically middle-aged, large-breed dogs and clinical signs indicate that TRD affects both the small and large intestine. Treatment with tylosin eliminated diarrhea in all dogs within 3 days and in most dogs within 24 hours. Tylosin administration controlled diarrhea in all dogs, but after it was discontinued, diarrhea reappeared in 12 (85.7%) of 14 dogs within 30 days. Prednisone given for 3 days did not completely resolve diarrhea. Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG did not prevent the relapse of diarrhea in any of 9 dogs so treated. The etiology of TRD, a likely form of antibiotic-responsive diarrhea (ARD) is unclear. The following reasons for chronic diarrhea were excluded or found to be unlikely: parasites, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, inflammatory bowel disease, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, enteropathogenic bacteria (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Yersinia spp., or Lawsoni intracellularis), and Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and Clostridium difficile A toxin. A possible etiologic factor is a specific enteropathogenic organism that is a common resident in the canine gastrointestinal tract and is sensitive to tylosin but difficult to eradicate. Additional studies are required to identify the specific cause of TRD.     

嗜酸乳杆菌对胃肠道酶的敏感性研究

以MRS为培养基，模拟胃肠环境对嗜酸乳酸茵对pH、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胆汁盐的敏感性进行了研究。结果表明：在pH1．60～5．00、温度37℃，胃蛋白酶0．592ug／mL-1．4821μg／mL条件下，活茵数能达到108cfu/mL以上。在MRS培养基自然pH条件下，胰蛋白酶活力在14．24u／g-72．32u／g范围内，胆汁盐0．2％的情况下，活茵数能达到107cfu／mL以上。证明了嗜酸乳酸茵能顺利通过胃肠环境，促进人体健康。     

植物乳杆菌在瘤胃内发酵产共轭亚油酸的体外研究

在体外研究植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)ANCLA 01发酵添加葵花籽油的瘤胃液,达到提高共轭亚油酸(CLA)产量的目的。结果表明:油脂的添加可以提高发酵液CLA产量,在3%的接种量和4mg/mL的油脂添加量条件下,过滤除菌瘤胃液组CLA的产量显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05)。在灭菌瘤胃液组,植物乳酸菌的生长良好,但CLA的产量低于过滤瘤胃液组。     

应用陶瓷膜浓缩植物乳酸杆菌发酵液的研究

对Membralox1P1960GL/SD/100nm陶瓷膜在植物乳酸杆菌发酵液浓缩过程中的应用进行了实验研究。确定了陶瓷膜的操作条件和再生方式。在过膜压力1.0bar、切向流5m/s条件下,浓缩倍数达到15倍时,平均过膜通量保持在160L/m·2h以上。     

蛋白核小球藻对小鼠抗氧化及肠道细菌的影响

[目的]研究蛋白核小球藻对小鼠抗氧化活性及肠道细菌的影响.[方法]将50只SPF小鼠随机分为正常对照组(等体积生理盐水,CK1)、VE对照组(100 mg/kg,CK2)和小球藻低剂量、中剂量、高剂量处理组(100、200、300 mg/kg).连续灌胃3周后,检测小鼠血液和肝组织匀浆总抗氧化能力(T-OAC)和超氧化...     

Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilussupplementation on growth performances,digestive enzyme activities and gut histomorphology of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmusSauvage, 1878) juveniles

The influence of dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus acidophilus, on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, gut histomorphology and gut microflora were evaluated in juveniles striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Five experimental diets were formulated by supplementing 0, 10³, 10⁵, 10⁷ and 10⁹ CFU/g L. acidophilus in fishmeal and casein‐based semi‐purified diet. Triplicate groups of striped catfish (21.69 ± 0.18 g) were stocked in 15 fiberglass tanks with stocking density of 25 individuals per tank and fed twice daily at 2.5% of the fish body weight for 12 weeks. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and the protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher in fish fed with 10⁵ and 10⁷CFU/g L. acidophilussupplemented diets compared with the other treatment groups. Compared with the control and fish fed low (10³ CFU/g) L. acidophilus supplementation, those fed with 10⁵ and 10⁷ CFU/g had significantly higher (p < 0.05) apparent protein digestibility. Inclusion of L. acidophilus at 10⁷ CFU/g diet significantly increased amylase, protease and lipase activities. Microscopic analysis showed that the villi length in both the anterior and posterior gut and microvilli length in the posterior gut increased significantly in fish fed L. acidophilus supplementation at 10⁵ and 10⁷ CFU/g of diet. The fish fed L. acidophilus supplemented diets significantly increased the total lactic acid bacteria counts in the gut of striped catfish compared with the control‐fed group. Based on gut histomorphology and growth performance, inclusion of L. acidophilus at 10⁵ CFU/g appears to have the most positive effect on striped catfish farming.     

Beneficial effects on growth,haematic indicators,immune status,antioxidant function and gut health in Juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by dietary administration of a multi‐strain probiotic

The present study was conducted to administer a commercial multi‐strain probiotic (MP), Yilibao (Bacillus velezensis:Bacillus cereus:Lactobacillus casei = 2:2:1), in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. In terms of aerobic Bacillus spp. counts, we produced five diets containing 0, 0.34, 1.68, 3.36 and 6.72 g/kg of MP dry product (Control, T1, T2, T3, T4). Seven hundred and fifty tilapia juveniles (13.26 ± 0.01 g) distributed into 25 tanks in five replications were fed their diet for eight weeks. Results showed that fish fed T3 and T4 diets displayed significantly higher final body weight and weight gain (p < .05). Further, all MP‐treated fish exhibited remarkably decreased plasma lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglycerides) (p < .05) and fish fed T3 and T4 diets displayed significantly higher plasma myeloperoxidase activity and complement C3 content (p < .05). Additionally, fish fed T3 and T4 diets exhibited significantly promoted total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione level and declined malondialdehyde content in the plasma and/or liver (p < .05). Moreover, significantly elevated chymotrypsin activity, villus height and intraepithelial lymphocytes counts were found in fish fed T3 and T4 diets (p < .05). As fish fed T3 and T4 diets surpassed the other treatments in growth, immune–antioxidative status and gut health, the recommended dose for tilapia is 3.36–6.72 g/kg.     

植物乳杆菌发酵对牡蛎成分的影响

试验结果表明,加入4%食盐能在一定程度上抑制挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)的产生,接种植物乳杆菌后牡蛎浆pH在发酵第2 d迅速下降并一直处于酸性状态(pH≈4)。蛋白质由于牡蛎自溶酶作用、微生物的利用而不断被分解,氨基酸不断地增加,而可溶性蛋白表现出波动变化。还原糖逐渐被消耗,至第10 d时所剩仅为0.07 mg/ml。表明植物乳杆菌对牡蛎的发酵过程有重要作用。为牡蛎的深加工利用提供科学依据。     

热激修饰瑞士乳杆菌对Cheddar干酪成熟的影响

研究了瑞士乳杆菌Lactobacillus helveticus 6024经热激修饰后,与干酪成熟相关的生化性质变化及其对Cheddar干酪成熟的影响。结果表明:瑞士乳杆菌经70℃、10 s的热激处理后,在10%脱脂乳中经32℃、6 h培养后,其产酸能力仅为6.4%,而与干酪成熟密切相关的平均氨肽酶活力,仍有约25%的保留。热激处理后的菌株加入到干酪中对其组分没有显著影响,但对干酪可溶氮水平有不同程度的影响。与未添加热激菌株的干酪对照组相比,总可溶氮含量增加不显著,而在成熟3个月时5%磷钨酸可溶氮占总氮比例增加2倍,组间差异显著。干酪质构、微观结构分析的结果也证明,热激修饰菌株对促进干酪成熟具有促进作用。