基于机器学习的棉花叶面积指数监测

为实现基于机器学习和无人机高光谱影像进行棉花全生育期叶面积指数（Leaf Area Index, LAI）监测,该研究基于大田种植滴灌棉花,在不同品种及不同施氮处理的小区试验基础上,对无人机获取的高光谱数据分别采用一阶导（First Derivative, FDR）、二阶导（Second Derivative, SDR）、SG（Savitzky-Golay）平滑和多元散射校正（Multiplicative Scatter Correction, MSC）进行预处理,并结合Pearson相关系数法、连续投影（Successive Projections Algorithm, SPA）、随机蛙跳（Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm, SFLA）和竞争性自适应重加权（Competitive Adaptive Reweighting, CARS）筛选敏感波段,将筛选出的波段使用偏最小二乘回归（Partial Least Squares Regression, PLSR）、支持向量回归（Support Vector Regression, SVR）和随机森林回归（Random Forest Regression, RFR）3种机器学习算法构建棉花LAI监测模型。结果表明：棉花冠层LAI敏感响应波段集中在可见光（400～780 nm）和近红外（900 nm之后）波段;对比3种机器学习算法,各预处理下RFR建立的LAI监测模型精度最高,稳定性最好,其中以FDR-SFLA-RFR模型最佳,在建模集的决定系数为0.74,均方根误差为1.648 3,相对均方根误差为26.39%;验证集的决定系数、均方根误差分别为0.67和1.622 0,相对均方根误差为25.97%。该研究基于无人机获取的棉花冠层光谱反射率,从不同光谱预处理、波段筛选及建模方法建立的模型中筛选出最佳估算模型用于棉花全生育期LAI监测,研究结果可为棉花大田精准管理及变量施肥提供依据。     

基于无人机遥感影像的玉米冠层温度提取及作物水分胁迫监测

针对当前无人机热红外遥感提取冠层温度不准确、监测作物水分胁迫状况精度不高的问题,该研究以不同水分处理的拔节期夏玉米为研究对象,利用无人机获取试验区域热红外和可见光图像资料,分别采用Otsu算法、EXG-Kmeans算法和Otsu-EXG-Kmeans算法获取冠层区域图像,并对提取结果进行精度评价,而后采用最优算法求得对应作物水分胁迫指数（Crop Water Stress Index,CWSI）,通过分析CWSI同土壤含水率相关关系以及CWSI日平均变化趋势来监测玉米水分亏缺状况。结果表明：1）相比于其他方法,Otsu-EXG-Kmeans算法对冠层温度提取精度更高（用户精度为95.9%）,提取的冠层温度更接近实测温度（r=0.788）,可以准确获取图像冠层温度。2）相比于冠层温度,CWSI与土壤含水率的相关性更高（r= -0.738）,CWSI日平均变化趋势更符合实际情况,可更加精确地监测玉米缺水状况。该研究为无人机遥感精准监测作物水分胁迫状况提供参考。     

油茶耐低磷指标鉴定及芽苗砧筛选

目的 本研究旨在探讨不同油茶半同胞子代实生苗的耐低磷能力,筛选耐低磷性强的砧木以及可用来鉴定油茶耐低磷性的关键指标,为油茶良种繁育以及耐低磷的机制研究奠定基础。 方法 以12个品种油茶的半同胞实生苗为研究对象,进行盆苗试验,设定正常磷1 mmol·L−1 KH2PO4、低磷0 mmol·L−1 KH2PO4 2个浓度,测定生物量、叶形态、根系形态、全磷等14个指标,以耐低磷系数为衡量油茶耐低磷的依据,建立逐步回归模型判别耐低磷关键指标。 结果 低磷胁迫减少了大部分油茶地上部分和根系的生物量积累,增加了根冠比和总磷利用效率。主成分分析将14个指标转化为4个独立的综合指标,累计贡献率达90.398%。依据综合评价值（D）,12个品种油茶半同胞子代聚类为3种类型,其中,GF20、CL3、84-3为相对不耐低磷类型;W1、CL53、GX48为中间型;G8、CL4、W2、CL40、CL18、83-4为相对耐低磷类型。PA（总磷积累量）、SPC（地上全磷）、TRA（总根表面积）、LW（叶宽）、RPC（根全磷）指标的回归模型为：D = −0.960 + 0.666PA + 0.341SPC + 0.379TRA + 0.460LW + 0.197RPC。 结论 低磷胁迫或许会抑制油茶的生长,但普遍增加根冠比和总磷利用效率。长林18、长林40、赣8、长林4、赣无2、赣石83-4相对耐低磷。总磷积累量、地上全磷、总根表面积、叶宽、根全磷可作为油茶耐低磷性的判断指标。     

自然主义的哈尼稻作及其可持续发展

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t探究水稻秸秆的饲用特征对UV-B辐射的响应。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t通过大田原位模拟试验,以元阳梯田传统水稻品种白脚老粳为材料,研究不同强度UV-B辐射处理(0、2.5、5.0和7.5 kJ/m²)对水稻秸秆生长形态(茎秆长、茎粗和生物量)和饲用化学成分(粗纤维、粗脂肪、粗灰分、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、淀粉、可溶性糖和非蛋白氮)的影响,并分析秸秆的品质营养价值指数(秸秆的可吸收营养物质总量TDN、净能NE₁、秸秆干物质采食量DMI、可消化的干物质DDM和相对饲料价值RFV)。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t随着UV-B辐射增强,水稻秸秆的长度和茎粗增加,生物量下降。不同UV-B辐射增强处理下,水稻秸秆的粗蛋白含量、粗纤维含量、粗脂肪含量、粗灰分含量和中性洗涤纤维含量没有显著的差异;非蛋白氮含量、淀粉含量和可溶性糖含量表现出单峰变化规律;酸性洗涤纤维含量在2.5 kJ/m² UV-B辐射处理时最低。2.5和5.0 kJ/m² UV-B辐射处理时,形态响应指数、饲用品质响应指数和综合响应指数较高;2.5 kJ/m² UV-B辐射处理时,秸秆的品质营养价值指数TDN、NE₁、DMI、DDM和RFV最高,分别为46.92 g/kg、5.01 MJ/kg、1.93 g/kg、56.05 g/kg和83.85%。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t适当的UV-B辐射能提高水稻秸秆的饲用特征,UV-B辐射为2.5 kJ/m²时水稻秸秆饲用特征较好。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t     

黔东南小香鸡的品种遗传资源特点及开发利用

目的探究日粮添加谷氨酰胺(glutamine,Gln)对黔东南小香鸡免疫器官指数及肠道免疫的影响。方法选取90羽体质量相近、健康状况良好的1日龄黔东南小香鸡,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复6羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在饲喂基础日粮中分别添加0.5% 和1.0%的Gln。饲养至42 d,每组随机选取10羽屠宰,采集血清,分离免疫器官,刮取空肠肠黏膜,用于后续测定。结果与对照组相比,0.5% Gln组黔东南小香鸡脾脏指数显著升高(P<0.05),1.0% Gln组的法氏囊指数、脾脏指数、胸腺指数、血清IgA、IgG和IgM含量及空肠黏膜sIgA分泌均显著升高(P<0.05),并且空肠黏膜的MUC1和MUC2 mRNA的相对表达量也显著增加(P<0.05)。结论黔东南小香鸡日粮添加1.0% Gln可促进免疫器官发育,增强肠道黏膜免疫功能。     

Determination and Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in the Soil from Beef Cattle Farms in Three Regions of Xinjiang

In order to study and evaluate the feeding environment of the beef cattle farms in Xinjiang, the contents of heavy mentals in the soil from 8 beef cattle farms in Xinjiang Aksu, Yili and Tacheng regions were tested according to the Field of Livestock and Poultry Environment Quality Standard (NY/T 388—1999).The atomic absorption spectroscopic method was used to determine the contents of As, Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr.The mean contents of As, Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr in 8 beef cattle farms soil were 0.389, 0.568, 22.708, 0.573 and 149.449 mg/kg, respectively, and they were all below the upper limit of NY/T 388—1999.The comprehensive heavy metal pollution index of 8 beef cattle farms were 0.577 to 0.994, and the index were 0.7 to 1 of two observation points in Yili and one observation point in Tacheng.The soil environment quality of these 3 farms were at the level of slight cleaning.The comprehensive heavy metal pollution index of other five observation points were ≤0.7, the soil environment was in a clean level.The soil environment of beef cattle farms in these three regions conformed to the standards of livestock for environment quality and safe products.     

Response of labile organic C and N pools to plastic film removal from semiarid farmland soil

To examine the effects of plastic film removal on grain yield and soil organic matter (SOM), a spring maize (Zea may L.) field experiment was conducted for 5 yr at Changwu Agricultural and Ecological Experimental Station of Northwest China. Compared with traditional plastic film mulching during entire growing stages (FM), plastic film removal at the silking stage (RM) resulted in a 6.3% higher average maize yield. Under the RM treatment, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen significantly increased after the 5‐yr cultivation in the 0‐ to 20‐cm layer. Significant increases in extractable organic C (EOC), KMnO₄‐oxidizable C (KMnO₄‐C) and C management index (CMI) in the 0‐ to 20‐cm layer, and light fraction organic C and EOC in the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer were observed in response to plastic film removal after the 1‐yr treatment; the responses were more significant after 5 yr. Under the RM treatment, significant increases in microbial biomass C, light fraction organic N, extractable organic N, KMnO₄‐C and CMI were also observed after five years in the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer. Moreover, KMnO₄‐C and EOC were much more sensitive than other labile SOM fractions to the application of RM, even after only 1 yr of cultivation. Therefore, compared with mulching for the whole growing season, plastic film removal at the maize silking stage is an effective option for increasing yields and enhancing SOM concentration and soil sustainability in the regions with semiarid monsoon climates that have sufficient rainfall during maize reproductive stages.     

我国银行存款保险制度的路径选择研究

明确存款保险制度应当作为我国金融安全的重要组成部分。基于风险定价的存款保险费应当由政府和银行共同承担。政府提供的隐性存款保险随着存款保险制度完善逐步减少，为银行积累资本赢得时间。银行应当通过充实资本，降低存款保险费，为实施明确存款保险创造条件。我国最终应当建立信息透明、市场机制主导、政府严格监管、风险处置及时的明确存款保险制度。     

水稻BWMK1互作基因的分离

为探明BWMK1介导的信号传导途径,采用酵母双杂交系统,构建水稻稻瘟病菌诱导后的cDNA文库,以BWMK1为诱饵,对文库进行筛选,通过验证、测序和基因编码分析,获得了7个BWMK1互作基因BWIP1～BWIP7,分别位于水稻基因组第12、2、3、10、6、4、5染色体上；7个互作基因中,除BWlP2和BWIP7未找到同...     

实时混合对抗蠕虫的建模和分析

传统的防病毒技术难以抵御蠕虫的传播，为此本文提出实时混合对抗技术，该技术在被对抗蠕虫感染的主机与易感染主机数量相等时转换对抗策略，并建立实时混合对抗蠕虫的传播模型.最后，通过仿真实验从对抗有效性、资源消耗和应对突发事件能力三个方面验证实时混合对抗技术的性能.理论分析和实验结果表明，实时混合对抗技术能更好地满足对抗有效性和低资源消耗要求，并能应对突发事件.