Effect of irrigation schedule on growth and seed yield of camelina (Camelina sativa L.) in Tarai region of central Himalaya

Camelina(Camelina sativa)has emerged as a potential biofuel crop globally with its suitability even as a jet fuel source with 75–80%less greenhouse gas emissions compared to common petroleum fuels.The crop has originated from Mediterranean region and belongs to Brassicaceae family.DIBER,DRDO has made initial and pioneer efforts in successful introduction of this crop to India and its agro-technology standardization.Being a short duration crop with lesser input requirement,it fits well in the cropping pattern of hilly states of Indian Himalaya.These areas experience fallow land due to shortage of irrigation water for growing other crops.The present study revealed that irrigation at flowering stage is more beneficial.Irrigation at this stage(if only one irrigation is available)exhibited grain yield of 1.004 kg·m^-2which was 21 and 80%higher over pod setting and rosette stage irrigation,respectively.The maximum seed yield was observed under treatment where irrigation was provided at all three crop growth stages(2.044 kg·m^-2).It was 50%higher over T6 treatment(where two irrigations were given at rosette and flowering stage)and 104%higher over T3(where only one irrigation was given at flowering stage).     

滴灌条件下不同耕深及秸秆还田量对玉米生长的影响

滴灌已逐渐成为宁夏引黄灌区玉米新型灌溉方式,以玉米天赐19号为试材,采用裂区设计,主区为耕深,设0.25～0.30 m、0.30～0.35 m、0.35～0.40 m三水平,秸秆还田量为副区,设常规栽培秸秆1/4还田量、1/3还田量、1/2还田量三水平,以明确玉米滴灌条件下适宜的耕深与秸秆还田量水平.结果表明,各处理对...     

白色链霉菌Ys6-101产盐霉素的发酵条件优化

盐霉素作为药物饲料添加剂在养禽业得到广泛应用和普及,但由于其主要生产来源存在耗油量大且成本高的难题,盐霉素的工业化生产受到较大阻碍。为优化盐霉素发酵过程工艺,提高盐霉素工业得率,本文基于实验室筛选菌株—白色链霉菌Ys6-101,通过改变一级种子液和二级种子液的消后pH和接种量,对盐霉素种子培养条件进行了探究和优化。结果表明,种子消后pH6.80和接种量18%分别为白色链霉菌种子培养阶段的最适pH和接种量,且发酵工艺条件优化后,即一级种子消后pH6.80,接种量20 mL/110 L,二级种子消后pH6.80,接种量18%,发酵液中盐霉素效价提高了12.5%。因此,选择合适的接种量和消后pH不仅可以发挥发酵罐的最大效率,还有利于缩短发酵周期,提高发酵效价,降低生产成本。     

不同密度与施氮量对夏播黔玉3号产量的影响

采用随机区组设计,研究不同施氮量和密度对夏播黔玉3号产量的影响。结果表明:产量随密度和施氮量的增加而提高,密度、肥料、密度×肥料、区组间、处理间均达极显著水平。在同一密度条件下,产量随施氮量的增加而提高,在同一施氮量条件下产量随密度的增加而增加。其中,以定苗3000株/667m2、施氮量28.1kg/667m2为最好,产量达512.82kg/667m2。在同一密度条件下,植株的高度、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重、出籽率,随施氮量的增加而增加,茎粗、秃尖随密度和施氮量的增加而有所下降。     

西北地区灌溉的生态环境及对策研究

西北地区干旱缺水,生态环境脆弱,水资源是生态环境的主要控制因素。灌溉对西北地区的生态环境既有正效益,也有负效益。制定流域水资源利用规划,要考虑全流域的生态环境问题,以达到水资源持续利用和环境与经济协调发展。     

播种量+施肥量对水分胁迫下胡麻生长、产量及收获指数效应研究

以陇亚13号为材料,探究水分胁迫下播种量+施肥量协同作用对胡麻生长、产量和收获指数（harvest index,HI）的影响。通过相关性分析,揭示灌区/旱区不同水分环境对胡麻产量构成、HI的关键性状因子影响特征。结果表明:水分胁迫影响灌区/旱区产量构成因子的形成规律,以改变胡麻生长发育指标为代价达到对极端环境的适应性。灌区/旱区产量与产量构成因子间正、负相关性不同,且旱区胡麻产量构成因子的正效应因子减少,负效应因子增加。相同水分条件下,播种量+施肥量协同作用对胡麻产量的提高有限,旱区HI较灌区受水分胁迫的影响更突出。灌区千粒重、株高对产量起主导促进作用,旱区无回归分析。灌区每株结果粒数、单株果数对HI起抑制作用,千粒重起促进作用;旱区单株果数对HI起主导抑制因子,说明水分胁迫对灌区/旱区胡麻的生长及产量形成的主效应因子有不同侧重点。     

小麦施钾的增产效果及对钾素吸收的影响

１９９７－１９９８年在高水肥地进行了钾肥用量试验研究,结果表明,含速效钾２４５ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１的土壤施钾增产不显著,含速效钾２０９ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１的土壤施钾达到了显著的增产效果。施钾后,小麦植株干重,吸钾强度,吸钾数量明显提高。适宜施肥量（Ｋ２Ｏ）７．５－１０ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２,增产幅度１８％－２５％。     

Comparative analysis of main on-farm irrigation systems in Portugal

Traditional irrigation systems still cover a large area of irrigated lands in Portugal. The needs for competitiveness leads to the gradual abandon of traditional systems, resulting in social and economic impacts. Pressurised on-farm irrigation systems provide labour savings but imply important investments. Surface irrigation does not require expensive equipment and is low energy and low labour consuming, if modern systems are implemented. Flexible-pipe, gated-pipe, surge-flow valve and cablegation are the main equipment issues available to Portuguese farmers for modern surface irrigation practice. Conditions for application of these systems have been studied relative to different soil and topographic conditions. Plane land, either horizontal or sloped and undulated fields can be irrigated by surface systems, if a convenient design is accomplished. The adequacy of the irrigation systems has been evaluated and a cost-benefit study was carried out. A case study of a situation with undulated land, representative of South Portugal, is presented in this paper, comparing surface irrigation issues and a sprinkler system. Conclusions show a particular economic interest on adopting surge-valve, gated-pipe and cablegation.     

Cytology of Cicer Songaricum Steph. ex DC, a Wild Relative of Chickpea

The karyotype of C. songaricum has been analysed which shows a closer similarity with those of C. reticulatum, C. echinospermum and C. arietinum, as compared with other annual or perennial species studied. The 2C DNA amount of C. songaricum is 20.5% less than that of C. arietinum which shows that the cultivated chickpea has the largest genome size of all the annual and perennial species studied so far.     

生态脆弱带煤田开发中的抗旱造林种草技术

在神府煤矿进行的造林种草试验研究结果表明,春季造林以３月下旬至４月初为宜,采用覆膜、埋苗、浇水等技术。待罚大风过后４月下旬气温回升的时将苗木刨出,能够显著提高造林成活率和保存率,且每次浇水量以５ｋｇ／株为宜。采用容器苗和带状整地,实行径流林业能够保证较高的成活率和保存率,而种草以雨季播种为宜。