开发绿色水产品是发展渔业经济的必由之路

本文提出在发展渔业经济过程中遇到的一些问题，指出开发绿色水产品是发展渔业经济的必由之路，HACCP认证体系是开发绿色水产品的重要手段和基本保证，中国加入WTO后，面临严峻的国际市场竞争也要求我国水产业积极开发绿色水产品，提高产品质量，加强水产品出口的竞争力。     

The U.S. Wholesale Market for Marine Ornamentals

The market for marine ornamentals encompasses all live marine species (fish and invertebrates) destined for the aquarium trade. In 1998, U.S. imports and exports were valued at approximately US $1.5 billion at the border (all dollar values cited in this paper are $US). In Florida, cultured freshwater and collected saltwater species accounted for $70 million and $4 million, respectively, in annual dockside revenue. To help explain Florida's marine landings and provide suggestions for future resource management and market campaigns that reflect the perceptions of the industry, a survey of wholesalers was initiated in 1999. Preliminary results indicate that there are several intermediate wholesale markets. Florida firms are closer to the supply as many also collect. Wholesalers in other states handle more freshwater product, are larger, and tend to import a larger share of their inventory. Consolidation is expected to continue, but niche markets for eco-friendly firms are expected to grow. In Florida, marketing strategies should focus on the observed higher survival rates and increasing supply of the popular invertebrate species. Many wholesalers are concerned about additional regulations that could reduce the number of collectors and thereby increase supply variability, a noted weakness of the Florida industry.     

沈阳市水产加工品销售市场调查及展望

本文调查了沈阳市水产加工品销售市场的情况。并提出了沈阳市乃至我省水产加工业的未来设想。     

Constructed shallow zones along navigation canals: vegetation establishment and change in relation to environmental characteristics

An Erratum has been published for this article in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 12(2), 2002, 251

• 1. In recent decades shallow zones have been constructed along navigation canals in the Netherlands which form a potential new habitat for aquatic macrophytes and helophytes absent from traditional canals.
• 2. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between the aquatic plant vegetation that becomes established and the physical and chemical characteristics of water and sediment, in order to find the determinants of species composition and the changes therein. Data were collected in 1998 and 1999 from 80 plots in bank zones at varying stages of development since construction along two navigation canals.
• 3. Plots 3–5 years old were partly dominated by rooting submerged macrophytes such as Potamogeton pectinatus, Elodea nuttallii and Potamogeton pusillus; locally non‐rooting species occurred such as Ceratophyllum demersum, Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza. Older plots contained Phragmites australis, locally mixed with free‐floating species. Hydrological isolation from the eutrophic canals was indicated by the presence of Chara vulgaris.
• 4. Characteristics of both water layer and sediment could explain the variation in vegetation composition. Rooting submerged macrophytes predominantly occurred in sites with a thin (<2 cm) layer of sediment with relatively low concentrations of organic matter; moreover, ammonium concentrations in the water layer and sediment pore water were relatively low. Stands of non‐rooting macrophytes and of Phragmites australis were characterized by a relatively thick sediment layer and high ammonium levels in the pore water. Light limitation in turbid water, associated with navigation and eutrophication, may also play a role.
• 5. Although submerged aquatic macrophytes persist for a relatively short time, shallow zones nevertheless function as a habitat for helophyte communities and contribute to a higher aquatic biodiversity than is associated with traditional banks along navigation canals.

Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

蕹菜Cd-PSC根际土壤酶和微生物特征的研究

[目的]为了研究在2种不同镉浓度的农田上蕹菜Cd-PSC和non-Cd-PSC 2个品种根际土壤酶和微生物的特征。[方法]采用自制根箱试验。[结果]蕹菜根际土壤5种酶(脲酶、转化酶、酸碱磷酸酶、蛋白酶)活性和三类微生物(细菌、真菌、放线菌)数量都显著大于非根际土壤(P0.01)。在同一土壤上,蕹菜品种间酶活性和微生物数量均存在基因型差异(P0.05);在2种土壤上,脲酶、转化酶、蛋白酶在2个品种间表现不一致,而酸碱磷酸酶则一直表现为Cd-PSC的根际酶活性小于non-Cd-PSC的活性。[结论]Cd-PSC的根系细菌、放线菌的数量显著小于non-Cd-PSC的根系土壤中的数量(P0.01),而真菌数量显著大于non-Cd-PSC的数量(P0.05)。     

碧江区城市居民对主要畜禽水产品食品安全满意度调查

在碧江区市区范围采用多层随机抽样方法调查居民对主要畜禽水产品食品安全满意度.结果得出,居民对主要畜禽水产品食品安全的关注度较高（86.75％）,但满意度较低,多数处于一般满意（66.00％）;居民对不安全食品的维权意识薄弱,仅有14.75％的居民选择投诉举报;46.00％的居民认为保障食品安全最重要的措施是严格监督管理.因此可知,碧江区城市居民对主要畜禽水产品食品安全关注度越来越高,但是满意度较低.     

三聚氰胺在水生生物体内转化规律的研究

[目的]对三聚氰胺在模拟养殖水体中生物体内的转化规律进行研究。[方法]利用微宇宙模拟水生态系统,以罗非鱼、田螺为试验动物,采用室内静水养殖,对三聚氰胺及其同系物在水生生物体内的含量变化进行分析。[结果]三聚氰胺进入水体后,能被水生生物迅速吸收。在试验初期水生生物体内的三聚氰胺以原体的形式排出体外,在试验后期一部分三聚氰胺经脱氨基作用逐步水解为三聚氰酸二酰胺、三聚氰酸一酰胺和三聚氰酸,以其原体和同系物的形式排出体外。[结论]该研究可为三聚氰胺在生物体内的代谢转化过程提供科学依据。     

基于竞争优势的中国水产品出口贸易转型研究

中国是水产品生产和贸易大国,但还不是水产品生产和贸易强国。在水产品出口贸易中,由于生产成本不断上升、水产品深加工程度不高以及出口市场过于集中、国际贸易保护主义有所抬头等因素,我国水产品出口面临着愈来愈大的竞争压力。在国际竞争格局发生重大变化的背景下,保持我国水产品出口竞争力,必须通过技术进步、规模经营、质量管理和市场多元化战略,形成新的竞争优势。     

巴西牵牛组织培养技术初探

以巴西牵牛试管苗的茎尖为外殖体,对巴西牵牛组织培养技术进行研究,结果表明：巴西牵牛组培苗腋芽生长增殖的最佳培养基为MS＋NAA 0.5 mg/L。     

高效液相色谱法对水产品中虾青素的测定

建立水产品中虾青素含量的高效液相色谱测定方法.样品经乙腈萃取、超声提取、离心后,将上清液旋转蒸发、定容,用液相色谱-紫外检测器检测,外标法定量.虾青素浓度在0.02～ 10.00 μg/mL范围内线性关系好,相关系数0.999 5;加标回收率为91.9％～95.8％,检出限为10.00 μg/kg.该方法准确度高,重现性好,易操作,适用于水产品中虾青素含量的测定.