大孔树脂对刺葡萄籽中原花青素的纯化

运用正交试验筛选树脂,探索原花青素在所选树脂上的吸附和解吸工艺条件.结果表明,所考察的YWD-06C、YWD-09F、YWD-03K7、YWD-04B1、HPD-300、HPD-700、D-101和DS-401树脂中,YWD-06C树脂为葡萄籽原花青素纯化的最佳树脂;最佳吸附条件:吸附温度20℃,吸附时间6h,溶液pH值为4;最佳解吸条件:解吸液为60%的乙醇水溶液,pH值为4,解吸时间6h,解吸温度25℃.通过动态试验,确定吸附速率为4B/h,洗脱速率为2BV/h,经该工艺所得纯化物中原花青素的含量达92.57%.     

大孔树脂对紫甘薯色素的吸附与解吸特性研究

为了选择紫甘薯色素粗提液纯化性能较好的树脂,采用AB-8型、S-8型、NKA-II型和NKA-9型4种大孔树脂对紫甘薯色素进行了吸附与解吸试验,研究了大孔树脂对紫甘薯色素的静态吸附动力学曲线、吸附等温曲线及解吸特性。结果表明：在4种树脂中,AB-8型树脂吸附平衡的速率常数为最大,对紫甘薯色素的吸附量和解吸量分别是S-8、NKA-II及NKA-9的119%,139%,118%和105%,116%,118%,因而AB-8型大孔树脂是用于纯化紫甘薯色素较为合适的吸附剂,解吸时宜选用60%乙醇溶液。     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化贯叶连翘中的金丝桃素

以贯叶连翘粗提浸膏为材料,考察六种大孔吸附树脂分离纯化金丝桃素的性能。采用静态、动态吸附方法筛选树脂,以中压分离方法确定分离纯化的条件。结果表明:HZ-801树脂以其高吸附率、高洗脱率成为优选的分离填料,其最佳分离纯化条件为:进样液质量浓度为0.1125 g/m L,进样速度为5.0 m L/min、洗脱速度为20 m L/min,0~95%乙醇溶液梯度洗脱,金丝桃素的纯度为79.11%。HZ-801可以较好分离纯化金丝桃素,纯化工艺具有较大实践性及参考价值。     

离子交换树脂纯化大豆糖蜜上清液

大豆糖蜜上清液中除大豆低聚糖(蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖)外,还含有色素、无机盐、含氮组分和有机酸等杂质。本文主要研究了离子交换树脂纯化脱色糖蜜上清液过程中去除杂质的机理并优化了纯化工艺。结果显示:脱色上清液中主要的含氮组分有5种游离氨基酸(天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬酰胺、丙氨酸、酪氨酸)和1种二肽(谷氨酸-酪氨酸)。用离子交换树脂直接处理脱色上清液的效率很低,含氮组分在3倍柱体积处理量时穿透;而离子交换树脂对纯含氮组分的吸附能力很强,处理量约为40倍柱体积。因此,无机盐(Na~+、K~+和Cl~-)和有机酸(柠檬酸)成为了树脂吸附含氮组分的制约因素。用电渗析法脱除无机盐后,阳离子交换树脂对含氮组分的吸附效果显著改善,处理量升高到35倍柱体积;继续用阴离子交换树脂吸附阳离子树脂流出液中的有机酸,即可获得高纯度的大豆低聚糖。同时通过拟合Thomas方程,分别计算了阳离子交换树脂吸附含氮组分和阴离子交换树脂吸附柠檬酸的最大固相吸附浓度。     

Comparison of Disturbed and Undisturbed Soil Core Methods to Estimate Nitrogen-Mineralization Rates in Manured Agricultural Soils

Ion exchange resin?/?soil cores are a common in situ approach to estimating soil nitrogen (N) mineralization rates. However, no studies compare the two common methods of core preparation (disturbed and undisturbed). The objective of our study was to compare N mineralized and soil temperature in disturbed versus undisturbed cores of manured agricultural soils. Undisturbed cores were prepared by driving aluminum tubes (25 cm long with 10 cm inner diameter) into soil, removing the tubes, and then inserting an ion-exchange resin bag beneath the soil at the bottom of the tube. Disturbed cores were prepared with the same materials, but soil was excavated, mixed, and then filled into tubes fitted with ion-exchange resin bags at the bottom. Soil from six agricultural fields (five of which had more than 10 years of regular dairy manure application) was incubated over four time periods during summer and winter. A total of 13 soil?/?incubation-period combinations were tested. Disturbed cores tended to have more N mineralized than undisturbed cores (P < 0.10), especially in cores prepared with the lowest clay content soil. However, variability of N mineralized was lower in disturbed cores than undisturbed cores for 11 of the 13 soil?/?incubation periods. This lower variability was significant in two of the four incubation periods (P < 0.10). There was little difference in mean soil temperatures in disturbed versus undisturbed cores or within cores versus outside but adjacent to cores. However, in summer, the daily temperature range inside cores was significantly greater than the temperature range in soil outside cores (P < 0.01).     

DM-2型大孔树脂分离纯化沙枣多糖的工艺研究

为了确定DM-2型大孔树脂分离、纯化沙枣多糖的最佳工艺条件,试验以吸附率和解吸率为评价指标,通过动态试验研究各因素对分离、纯化效果的影响。结果表明:在沙枣多糖样品溶液浓度为0.7 mg/mL、pH值为10、上样速率为2.5 BV/h、上样量为3 BV、洗脱剂浓度为55%、洗脱速率为1 BV/h、洗脱剂用量为3 BV时,吸附率和解吸率分别达到84.05%和97.3%。说明在同时满足上述条件的情况下,DM-2型大孔树脂分离、纯化沙枣多糖的效率较高。     

Diffusive fluxes of phosphorus,potassium and metallic microelements as affected by soil compaction

ABSTRACT

The objective was to evaluate the effects of soil compaction on phosphorus (P), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) diffusive fluxes. The experiment consisted of two Oxisols and eight compaction pressures. The soil samples were placed in diffusion chambers, simultaneously with two ion-exchange membranes (anionic and cationic), compressed and incubated for 20 days. The P, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn diffusive fluxes (PDF, KDF, ZnDF, CuDF, FeDF, and MnDF) were determined. The compaction decreased the PDF in the oxidic-gibbsitic soil, and increased KDF, ZnDF, CuDF, and MnDF, in both soils. There was a higher diffusion of Zn, Cu, and Mn in the kaolinitic than the oxidic-gibbsitic soil. The descending order of cationic-microelement diffusive flux was MnDF > ZnDF ? FeDF > CuDF. Presumably, Fe was mainly diffused as organic complexes with net negative charges, whereas Zn and Mn as free ions and, or, inorganic and organic complexes with positive charges.

Abbreviations: CuDF, cupper diffusive flux; FeDF, iron diffusive flux; KDF, potassium diffusive flux; MnDF, manganese diffusive flux; PDF, phosphorus diffusive flux; ZnDF, zinc diffusive flux; AEM, anion-exchange membrane; CEM, cation-exchange membrane     

Plasma ammonia concentration in dogs using ion-exchange method of analysis

Laboratory methods for measuring plasma ammonia concentration were reviewed. The ion-exchange method of analysis was evaluated using canine plasma from 15 clinically normal dogs and five dogs with portosystemic shunts. Mean and standard deviation was 40.3 +/- 8.1 microgram NH(3)/dl in normal dogs, and values ranged from 125 to 200 microgram NH(3)/dl in dogs with portosystemic shunts. Handling of blood samples properly for accurate results was found to require pre-chilled collection tubes, chilling the samples in an ice bath, immediate separation of plasma from red blood cells and immediate analysis for ammonia concentration. The ion exchange method was determined to be sufficiently accurate for clinical use and is suggested for any veterinary clinical pathology laboratory.     

低甲醛释放脲醛树脂的合成温度与固化性能

针对低甲醛释放脲醛树脂固化速度慢的问题,在确定n(甲醛)∶n(尿素)=0.96∶1.00的优选合成工艺配方的基础上,采用正交试验优化低甲醛释放脲醛树脂不同反应阶段的合成反应温度,在兼顾胶黏剂胶接性能和环保性能的基础上,主要考查合成反应温度对低甲醛释放脲醛树脂胶黏剂固化速度的影响。结果表明:在合成低甲醛(F)/尿素(U)摩尔比脲醛树脂时,不同阶段的反应温度对树脂的固化速度有显著影响。当加成反应温度为90℃,缩聚前期反应温度为85℃,缩聚中期反应温度为75℃时合成的脲醛树脂胶黏剂,胶中游离甲醛质量分数在0.075%以下,固化速度明显加快,胶接性能优良,胶合板甲醛释放量为0.365 mg/L,达到GB/T 9846.3—2004中E0级要求,胶合板强度达到国家Ⅱ类板标准。     

天宝岩长苞铁杉林倒木的燃烧性研究

以天宝岩长苞铁杉林内倒木为研究对象,结合以负荷量和含水率为自变量的综合燃烧属性及以灰分、热值、含水率及氮含量等理化性质为评价指标的燃烧熵值,综合探讨长苞铁杉林内倒木的燃烧性.结果表明,天宝岩长苞铁杉林内倒木属于低燃烧性可燃物,其发生火灾的可能性较小;长苞铁杉+糙花少穗竹混交林内倒木的燃烧性最低,非防火期长苞铁杉+毛竹混交林内倒木的燃烧性最大;倒木负荷量、综合燃烧属性值及发生火灾的可能性随腐烂等级升高而降低,平均含水率随腐烂等级增加而升高,燃烧性熵值随腐烂等级升高而降低.