在NH_4H_2PO_4体系中土壤胶体锌吸附的研究

本文研究了ＮＨ４Ｈ２ＰＯ４对土壤胶体吸附锌的影响。结果表明，在石灰性土壤中锌肥配施ＮＨ４Ｈ２ＰＯ４可降低土壤平衡液的ＰＨ值，减弱土壤胶体的吸锌量，增加了土壤平衡液中锌的活性，有利于提高锌肥肥效。     

Effects of pure plant secondary metabolites on methane production,rumen fermentation and rumen bacteria populations in vitro

In this study, the effects of seven pure plant secondary metabolites (PSM s) on rumen fermentation, methane (CH₄) production and rumen bacterial community composition were determined. Two in vitro trials were conducted. In trial 1, nine concentrations of 8‐hydroxyquinoline, α‐ terpineol, camphor, bornyl acetate, α‐ pinene, thymoquinone and thymol were incubated on separate days using in vitro 24‐hr batch incubations. All compounds tested demonstrated the ability to alter rumen fermentation parameters and decrease CH₄ production. However, effective concentrations differed among individual PSM s. The lowest concentrations that reduced (p  <  .05) CH₄ production were as follows: 8 mg/L of 8‐hydroxyquinoline, 120 mg/L of thymoquinone, 240 mg/L of thymol and 480 mg/L of α‐ terpineol, camphor, bornyl acetate and α‐ pinene. These concentrations were selected for use in trial 2. In trial 2, PSM s were incubated in one run. Methane was decreased (p  <  .05) by all PSM s at selected concentrations. However, only 8‐hydroxyquinoline, bornyl acetate and thymoquinone decreased (p  <  .05) CH₄ relative to volatile fatty acids (VFA s). Based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis, different PSM s changed the composition of bacterial communities to different extents. As revealed by Ion Torrent sequencing, the effects of PSM s on relative abundance were most pronounced in the predominant families, especially in Lachnospiraceae , Succinivibrionaceae , Prevotellaceae , unclassified Clostridiales and Ruminococcaceae . The CH ₄ production was correlated negatively (?.72; p  <  .05) with relative abundance of Succinivibrionaceae and positively with relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae (.86; p  <  .05). In summary, this study identified three pure PSM s (8hydroxyquinoline, bornyl acetate and thymoquinone) with potentially promising effects on rumen CH₄ production. The PSM s tested in this study demonstrated considerable impact on rumen bacterial communities even at the lowest concentrations that decreased CH₄ production. The findings from this study may help to elucidate how PSM s affect rumen bacterial fermentation.     

离子束介导技术在水稻遗传改良中的应用前景

在利用离子束介导技术对水稻进行遗传改良的研究领域内仍然存在着5大研究难题值得注意,即离子束介导试验的机理问题、供体与受体的亲缘关系、对介导试验的后效性研究、寻找介导试验证据时的片面性和离子束介导技术的超前性研究.明确提出了离子束介导技术在水稻遗传改良中的技术思路,即立足于离子束介导技术这一物理学技术平台、注重研究2个关键性问题、在研究中完成3个有效转变、寻找4个方面的试验证据、研究5大生物学特性.     

Growth and Ionic Content of Quinoa Under Saline Irrigation

Drought and salinity are the most important abiotic stresses that affect plant's growth and productivity. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of salt and water deficit on water relations, growth parameters and capacity to accumulate inorganic solutes in quinoa plants. An irrigation experiment was carried out in 2009 and 2010 in the Volturno river plain. Three treatments irrigated with fresh water (Q100, Q50 and Q25) and three irrigated with saline water (Q100S, Q50S and Q25S) were tested. For saline irrigation, water with an electrical conductivity of 22 dS m^?1 was used. Actual evapotranspiration (ET_a), water productivity (WP), biomass allocation, relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), specific leaf area, leaf area ratio and ions accumulation of quinoa plants were evaluated. WP and plant growth were not influenced by saline irrigation, as quinoa plants incorporated salt ions in the tissues (stems, roots, leaves) preserving seed quality. Treatment with a reduction in the irrigation water to 25 % of full irrigated treatment (Q25) caused an increase in WP and a reduced dry matter accumulation in the leaves. Quinoa plants (Q25) were initially negatively affected by severe drought with RGR and NAR reduction, and then, they adapted to it. Quinoa could be considered a drought tolerant crop that adapt photosynthetic rate to compensate for a reduced growth.     

MECHANISM OF ELECTRIC FIELD ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL

Using The Electric Fertilization Apparatus which was made by the ForestryInstiute of Jilin City,the mechanism of the electric field on the physical-chemical characteristicsof soil,in this paper were studied.The preliminary conclusion is that the amount of chemical fer-tilizer may be saved under the effect of electricity.     

离子注入对小麦三叶期3种保护酶活性的影响

以鉴54、豫农118及豫麦18号为材料,研究了不同剂量率、剂量离子注入对小麦三叶期过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响.结果发现:离子注入后小麦三叶期的幼苗叶片中CAT和POD的酶活性一直高于对照,而SOD在低剂量条件下酶活高于对照,在剂量大于5.6×1017 N /cm2时酶活性低于对照.随着剂量的增加,酶活性变化趋势为先升后降,且有一定的波动性.不同剂量率间酶活有一定差异,品种间有辐射敏感性差异.     

甜椒Ti+离子注入相关诱变育种效应研究

进行了Ti+离子注入甜椒诱变相关育种效应的研究。结果表明,低能Ti+离子注入后能引起甜椒形态特征的变化,其中在小剂量时表现为改善植物的生长发育状况,促进生长与分枝;在大剂量时表现为突变株增加诱发新变异。另外离子的注入引起叶片中Na、Mg、K、Ca、Si等元素含量下降,Al、Fe的含量上升。     

Recent advance in cardiac ion channel remodeling in diabetes

Occurrence of lethal cardiac arrhythmia, which is associated with prolongation of the QT interval in electrocardiogram(ECG), is related to increased mortality in the patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Increased QT interval reflects the prolonged cardiac action potential duration (APD). APD abnormality is based on by cardiac ion channel remodeling induced by DM-related pathological changes. As DM is becoming an important risk factor for atrial fibrillation, the most clinically common arrhythmia, this review mainly summarizes the alterations of ion channel currents and relevant protein expression in diabetic ventricular myocytes to explore the underlying mechanisms of arrhythmia, and also discusses some research achievements from investigating the atrial myocytes in DM.     

表面电荷性质对离子在土壤胶体界面扩散的影响

采用动力学方法测定了中性紫色土胶体和砖红壤胶体的电荷性质,研究了不同pH、电解质体系、浓度条件下离子在带电土壤胶体中的扩散过程,分析了两种土壤胶体在不同条件下离子扩散通量和扩散系数的特点。结果表明:1)中性紫色土胶体和砖红壤胶体中离子平衡扩散量为2.6～3.1 mg g-1和0.26～0.51 mg g-1,前者的扩散平衡量是后者的6倍～10倍;2)中性紫色土胶体不同温度条件下,离子扩散系数为1.17×10-9～1.91×10-9cm2s-1,砖红壤胶体中在与其对应温度条件下,离子扩散系数为0.23×10-9～0.45×10-9cm2s-1,前者是后者的4倍～5倍。表面电荷性质对离子在带电土壤胶体界面扩散的影响起决定性作用。     

水稻白化突变体根部离子动态吸收规律的研究

利用植物微观动态离子流检测技术研究水稻正常幼苗和白化突变体根部对K＋、Ca2＋、NH4＋、H＋离子的吸收规律,探讨叶色突变对离子吸收的直接影响。结果表明,水稻白化突变体光合作用丧失,导致质子梯度降低（H＋外排减弱）,次级主动运输受阻,根系吸收离子（K＋、Ca2＋、NH4＋）的能力降低、造成细胞代谢功能紊乱,生长发育停滞。