四川省金城山经济昆虫资源初步调查

调查了四川省金城山的昆虫资源,采集标本四千余号,已鉴定207种,其中鳞翅目80种、鞘翅目44种、半翅目36种较多,分别占已鉴定种类的38．6％、21．3％和17．4％。初步掌握了该地区的昆虫种类和分布情况,为病虫害防治、区系分析等研究提供了科学依据。     

昆虫对农药抗性的研究进展

随着化学农药在农林业生产过程中的广泛应用,害虫对农药的抗性不断增强。因此,昆虫对农药的抗性机制已成为当前重要的研究课题之一。现代分子生物学技术的运用使有关抗性机制的研究呈现多层次、多方位的研究特点。综述了近年来有关昆虫抗药性几种机制的研究进展,如代谢抗性机制、靶标抗性机制等,以期为昆虫的抗性研究提供参考。     

昆虫生态学的研究进展

从昆虫分子生态学、昆虫化学生态学、昆虫行为生态学、昆虫信息生态学以及昆虫种群生态学这五个方面对近年来的研究情况进行综述,以期为昆虫生态学的发展、害虫的综合治理提供研究方向。     

Distribution and migration of insects and mites in flat storage containing wheat

Studies were conducted in a flat storeroom in central Greece, filled with approx. 90 tons of wheat, in order to evaluate insect and mite species abundance, and changes in population density and distribution among sampling units and locations. The surface of the grain bulk was divided into two sampling zones: the central and the peripheral (edge). At 10-day intervals, five wheat samples were taken from the central zone and eight from the peripheral zone, with a non-partitioned grain trier (1.6-m length, 250-g capacity). Fifteen insect species and 12 mite taxa were found during the sampling period, (June 1999–Feb. 2000). The most abundant insect species wereSitophilus oryzae (L.),Cryptolestes ferrugineux (Stephens),Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) andLatheticus oryzae Waterhouse; the most abundant mite species wereAcarus siro L.,Lepidoglyphus destructor (Shrank), and the predatorsBlattisocius tarsalis (Berlese) andB. keegani Fox. Grain temperature decreased during the storage period, more slowly in the central than peripheral zone; grain moisture content increased. The highest population densities for both insects and mites were recorded during September and October. The most numerous species of insects and mites showed an aggregated spatial pattern, as indicated by Iwao’s Patchiness Regression.     

Nature and ecological implications of pathogen-induced systemic resistance in conifers: A novel hypothesis

Coniferous trees are often dominant species in both boreal and temperate forests, wherein they play critical roles in ecosystem function. In natural environments, ecosystem stability appears to be the norm, notwithstanding the co-occurrence of insect and microbial species inherently capable of killing their host trees. Adaptive plasticity of host trees involving inducible mechanisms of resistance against invading organisms is likely to play a crucial role in these interactions. We hypothesize that systemic-induced resistance represents a common and important phenomenon in coniferous trees, allowing for a balanced allocation of resources between growth and defense.     

Genetic and environmental determinants of silver birch growth and herbivore resistance

Plant growth and herbivore resistance is affected by both environmental and genetic factors. The aim of this study was to examine (1) whether genotype explains variation in herbivore resistance, plant growth and tolerance of feeding within natural silver birch populations, (2) whether there is significant interaction between birch genotype and environment or the study year, and (3) whether there are defence costs in field grown juvenile silver birch saplings. The 22 genotypes studied were assigned insect exposure and insect removal treatments in two different environments. Resistance to insect herbivory was measured as the amount of undamaged leaves of the saplings and tolerance of feeding as a difference in relative height increment of the saplings between insect exposure and removal treatments in relation to the amount of damage (i.e. opposite number of resistance). Our study shows that a local silver birch population has substantial genotypic variation in resistance to insect herbivores and this variation is not affected by the environment or the study year. Genotypic variation was not observed for tolerance of feeding. We also showed that, in contrast to genotypic variation in resistance, the genotypic variation in growth among silver birch genotypes strongly depended on the environment, i.e. silver birch genotypes have a high degree of phenotypic plasticity in their growth. Therefore, defence costs in terms of lower growth rate appear to be highly dependent on the environment. To conclude, our results indicate that silver birch populations have a good potential to adapt to possibly increasing herbivory in boreal forests in warmer future climates.     

昆虫在杂草生物防除中的应用

 在杂草的生物防除中,研究和应用得最早且证明效果最好的措施是利用昆虫防除杂草。迄今为止,全世界已有50多种昆虫成功地用于杂草的生物防除。本文着重介绍了利用昆虫防除仙人掌、豚草、紫茎泽兰、空心莲子草、马樱丹、黑点叶金丝桃等恶性杂草的情况,同时对其他杂草如南美槐叶萍、列当、凤眼兰、破木布和千里光等,也作了一般介绍。并指出了以虫除草的优缺点及要注意的问题。     

自然条件下昆虫染螨类群的初步调查

通过对我国13个省(区、市)自然条件下昆虫染螨情况的野外调查,结果表明,染螨昆虫有13目、50科。并报道了部分昆虫染螨率、染螨部位及其主要螨类类群(蜱螨亚纲3目、16科),还讨论了寄生螨对寄主及其体位的选择偏好性等现象。     

间作苜蓿草枣园地表优势昆虫种类及优势度动态分析

了解间作牧草枣园地表昆虫种类及其动态变化,有助于有效地控制枣树害虫。2009年7—10月,研究了间作苜蓿草枣园地表昆虫群落物种组成及优势度动态变化。结果表明,7—10月份枣园地表昆虫群落总计9目42科,优势种是长蝽科和果蝇科。地表昆虫群落结构随着季节气温变化而不断变化,优势天敌昆虫有步甲、草蛉、缘蝽和食蚜蝇,优势天敌害虫有叶蝉、蝽和长蝽。枣草间作不仅可增加枣林植被的多样性,扩大捕食性天敌昆虫的生态容量,而且有助于实现枣树生产可持续发展和有害生物生态调控。     

油茶害虫调查初报

通过 3年对油茶害虫的采集 ,共获标本 3 91份 ,经鉴定隶属 7目 46科 12 7种。其中以茶瘤毡蚧、黑刺粉虱、茶黄毒蛾、茶梢尖蛾、油茶尺蛾、油茶织蛾等发生频率较高 ,但尚未造成灾害。