Relation of scarlet mite (Brevipalpus phoenicis) density in tea with injury and yield

The effects of scarlet mite infestation on symptom development and yield of tea were studied in the laboratory and the fields of the Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona, West Java, Indonesia. The relations of the mite density with the presence of a necrotic leaf base and with leaf duration were determined. A field trial over one year duration where the mite densities were diversified experimentally by spraying either dicofol or copper oxychloride did not show effects on yield with average densities up to 30 eggs and mites per leaf. This density is proposed as a preliminary minimum threshold for control.Samenvatting De symptoom-en schadeontwikkeling in thee als gevolg van aantasting door palmmijt (oranje mijt) werd onderzocht in het laboratorium en de theetuinen van het Proefstation voor Thee en Kina in West Java, Indonesië. Het verband tussen de mijtdichtheid, het optreden van een necrotische bladvoet, en de levensduur van het blad werd kwantitatief bepaald. Een veldproef waarin de mijtdichtheden experimenteel werden gespreid door bespuitingen met het acaricide dicofol en het fungicide koperoxychloride toonde over meer dan een jaar geen opbrengstverschillen aan tussen veldjes met gemiddelde dichtheden tussen 0 en 30 eieren en mijten per blad. Deze laatste dichtheid wordt daarom voorgesteld als voorlopige minimum bestrijdingsdrempel.     

Associations of Bird Species Richness and Community Composition with Local and Landscape-scale Environmental Factors in Borneo

A comprehensive understanding of variables associated with spatial differences in community composition is essential to explain and predict biodiversity over landscape scales. In this study, spatial patterns of bird diversity in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, were examined and associated with local-scale (habitat structure and heterogeneity) and landscape-scale (logging, slope position and elevation) environmental variables. Within the study area (c. 196 km²) local habitat structure and heterogeneity varied considerably, largely due to logging. In total 9747 individuals of 177 bird species were recorded. Akaike's information criterion (AIC) revealed that the best explanatory models of bird community similarity and species richness included both local- and landscape-scale environmental variables. Important local-scale variables included liana abundance, fern cover, sapling density, tree density, dead wood abundance and tree architecture, while important landscape-scale variables were elevation, logging and slope position. Geographic distance between sampling sites was not significantly associated with spatial variation in either species richness or similarity. These results indicate that deterministic environmental processes, as opposed to dispersal-driven stochastic processes, primarily structure bird assemblages within the spatial scale of this study and confirm that highly variable local habitat measures can be effective means of predicting landscape-scale community patterns.     

Secondary forest regeneration under fast-growing forest plantations on degraded Imperata cylindrica grasslands

Natural regeneration of native tree species in the understoreys of fast-growing plantation tree species (Acacia mangium, Gmelina arborea and Paraserianthes falcataria) and in adjacent natural riverine forest and non-cultivated grassland areas were studied on Imperata cylindrica grassland sites in Riam Kiwa plantation area, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Seedling and sapling densities as well as species composition and richness were assessed in a total of 35 ha by a systematic line plot survey.Floristic composition was similar in A. mangium and P. falcataria stands which differed distinctly from G. arborea stands and Imperata grassland area. Riverine forest was characterized by later successional species. In A. mangium and P. falcataria stands, a total of 63 species from 24 families were recorded. Seedling stock consisted merely of pioneer and secondary species, but also several fairly commonly occurring primary forest species. Euphorbiaceae was the most common family representing 42% of sapling and 29% of seedling densities. The most abundant regeneration occurred in A. mangium stands (4,706 seedling/sapling ha^-1), followed by P. falcataria (2,242 ha^-1) and G. arborea (554 ha^-1). Seedling recruitment was significantly lower in plots dominated by grass vegetation than those dominated by no vegetation or shrub vegetation. Breast height diameter and basal area of canopy trees as well as coverage and height of ground vegetation did not explain seedling/sapling density. Results show that plantation establishment with suitable fast-growing tree species facilitates recruitment of a variety of native tree species. This provides potential for rapid restoration of forest ecosystem and for further development of the mixed stands of fast-growing exotics and naturally regenerated native species.     

印度尼西亚的原藤出口禁令之争

目前印度尼西亚国内对印尼原藤出口有反对和赞成两种意见,本文对原藤出口禁令提出的缘由、问题的实质和可能的解决方法进行分析。     

Voluntary Certification Design Choices Influence Producer Participation,Stakeholder Acceptance,and Environmental Sustainability in Commodity Agriculture Sectors in Tropical Forest Landscapes

Voluntary certification programs are one type of intervention used to incentivize the agricultural commodity sector in tropical landscapes to reduce deforestation and improve sustainability. Cases of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) voluntary certification program in Indonesia and the Sustainable Agriculture Network (SAN), voluntary certification for cattle in Brazil, are used to contrast the role taken in two significantly different programs to render sustainability outcomes. While producers in both countries follow a similar path toward compliance with certification standards, only the RSPO program offers enticements for producers to participate in the intermediate stages of compliance by offering membership in its affiliated industry roundtable. Design choices about the core activities of a program (adoption, implementation, and enforcement and monitoring) that are ancillary to standards setting are found to be opportunities for providing benefits to both producers and civil society stakeholders without compromising the program’s rigor. A framework is proposed to understand voluntary certification programs as both creators and brokers of benefits between producers and other sustainability stakeholders, potentially providing an approach to simultaneously increase participation and maintain program rigor.     

Estimation of roaming dog populations in Timor Leste

The continued spread of rabies through the eastern islands of Indonesia poses a risk of rabies introduction to Timor Leste. To prepare for such an incursion and to undertake surveillance activities, the size and distribution of the roaming dog population needs to be estimated. We present the results of the first such surveys ever undertaken in Timor Leste.     

浙江省与印度尼西亚竹业合作探讨

介绍了印度尼西亚的竹种资源、栽培管理、加工利用与市场及科学研究等现状,并分析了浙江省竹业当前面临的挑战,提出了加快实施“走出去”战略,开展与印度尼西亚在资源调查、种质资源交换、竹材应用性研究、示范基地建立、人才培养及联合项目等方面合作的建议.     

Dynamics of fishing gear allocation by fishers in small-scale coastal fisheries of Pelabuhanratu Bay, Indonesia

Abstract  Fishing gear usage in small-scale coastal fisheries of Pelabuhanratu Bay, Indonesia was explained by two approaches: temporal fishing gear allocation analysis and adaptive responses of fishers to external factors, especially climate and abundance of target species. Gear usage, with the exception of hand lines and seine nets, was more intensive during the dry season than the rainy season. The decision to use seine nets was governed by seasonal variability in the abundance of Auxis thazard , Lacepède, and Trichiurus spp. to the catch. Sustainable management of fishing activities in Pelabuhanratu Bay requires proportional reductions in the use of lift nets and fixed gillnets across the seasons rather than gear specific effort reductions.     

Mineral neoformation in pore spaces during alteration and weathering of andesitic rocks in humid tropical Indonesia

The morphology, chemistry, and mineralogy of minerals newly formed in voids—products of weathering of andesitic rocks—were studied using optical and submicroscopic techniques on thin sections, combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EDXRA), and X-ray diffraction analysis on subsamples.Samples were taken from the core, the outer core, and the soft outer layers of weathered andesitic boulders in the Cigudeg area, West Java, about 75 km south of Jakarta, Indonesia, with udic moisture and isohyperthermic temperature regime.The neoformed minerals observed in planar voids and cavities comprise 1:1 phyllosilicates, goethite, and gibbsite, and juxtaposed coatings of halloysite, mixed layer phyllosilicates, goethite, and gibbsite. The mineral sequences observed confirm former studies on the groundmass of the boulder: in the first weathering layer, an absolute accumulation of gibbsite takes place; further away from the core, the gibbsite is redissolved, and replaced by illuvial phyllosilicate clay. The possibility of inheritance of the 2:1 layer silicates from a hydrothermal alteration is discussed. The sharp boundaries in the juxtaposed coatings point to a stepwise, sequential—rather than a gradual—evolution of the microenvironment.