林业可持续发展研究概述

对可持续林业、森林可持续经营标准、森林生态系统经营等的国内外研究现状和主要观点作了介绍,并讨论了林业可持续发展研究的趋势。     

鲁西黄牛背截面指标为参数的胴体产肉率回归分析

７头商品鲁西牛胴体第１１肋后缘截面的客观测量值及相应的其它屠宰数据应用ＳＡＳ软件对胴体产肉率进行了回归分析,结果表明半胴体重、皮下脂肪厚、背眼肌面积、腔脂％组建的四元方程对后腿分割肉产率的预测力最大,其次是后躯分割肉产率、全部可食肉产率、主要分割肉产率对全部分割肉产率的预测力最小。眼肌面积是主要分割肉产率最重要的独立预测指标;腔脂％对全部分割肉产率、全部可食肉产率、后躯分割肉产率单独的预测作用最大     

Exploring simple ecological indicators on landings and market trends in the South Brazil Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem

Simple ecological indicators were applied to landings and market data from the South Brazil Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem to investigate pressures on the ecosystem over time to contribute to fisheries and ocean assessments in data‐poor ecosystems. The indicators showed an increase in larger, long‐lived and piscivorous pelagic species landings as well as an increase in offshore fishing over the past few decades. Indicators based on market data showed a decrease of not only the target species but also of some long‐lived and large‐size coastal species, resulting in an increase of previously undesired fish species in the markets. Each of the selected indicators expressed part of the picture, while putting all together resulted in a more comprehensive view of the historical behaviour of this system.     

不同基因型棉花的蕾期耐涝性鉴定及其评价指标对淹水胁迫的响应

旨在为棉花的抗涝育种和涝害评价指标的筛选提供理论基础。以9 个棉花品种（系）为试材,采用裂区试验,在蕾期研究不同淹水历时（10 天和20 天）对各棉花品种（系）生理及产量和品质构成指标的影响,并从中筛选出耐涝品种（系）和淹水敏感品种（系）。结果表明：（1）丙二醛(MDA)含量、单株干物质质量、单铃重和纤维品质均可作为棉花耐涝性的评价指标;（2）当淹水胁迫持续10 天时,不同棉花MDA含量均极显著高于对照(P<0.01),隶属函数值总和以‘陕6353’最高、‘赣杂108’和‘南通87-1220’次之,分别为2.76、2.23 和1.68,而‘中CJ-1’和‘荆杂棉88F1’的隶属值较低;（3）淹水10 天的单株干物质累积较对照极显著降低(P<0.01),隶属函数值总和以‘赣杂108’、‘C111’、‘南通87-1220’和‘陕6353’的较高,分别为2.11、2.13、2.55 和2.19,而‘徐棉21 号’和‘邯8942’的隶属值较低;（4）淹水10 天的单铃重极显著低于对照(P<0.01),其中,‘赣杂108’、‘南通87-1220’及‘陕6353’较对照单铃重降幅较低,隶属函数值分别 为1.00、0.96 和0.80,而‘JS11’(0.00)、‘荆杂棉88F1’(0.04)、‘中CJ-1’(0.26)、‘徐棉21 号’(0.30)和‘邯8942’(0.33)较低;（5）上半部平均长度、断裂比强度和整齐度指数的隶属值总和以‘赣杂108’、‘陕6353’和‘南通87-1220’较高,分别为2.46、2.17 和1.75,而‘JS11’(0.53)和‘邯8942’(1.03)较低。综上,‘赣杂108’和‘陕6353’较为耐涝,‘邯8942’和‘荆杂棉88F1’为淹水敏感品种。     

CORINE-based landscape indices weakly correlate with plant species richness in a northern European landscape transect

We present the results of one of the few available tests of how CORINE (CLC2000) is likely to perform as a basis for the calculation of landscape indices, for environmental monitoring over large areas. This paper investigates to what extent landscape structural indices based on this widely used European land cover database can be used to predict plant species richness in a 2,000 km² transect in the northeast of Scotland. We investigate both statistical and map resolution issues by comparing the performance of CORINE-based common landscape indices with the same indices derived from a much more detailed geographic data set. In our case study, only shape-related indices show correlation with species richness, but effect size, important for monitoring, is small. The results highlight the area-specific and map specific nature of the performance of landscape indices for protecting plant diversity. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Conceptual Framework for Evaluating Sustainable Agriculture

SUMMARY

Evaluation of outcomes is arguably one of the most critical and challenging tasks of research and education programs in agriculture. Assessing research and education in sustainable agriculture is particularly complex because of the need to assess interactive social, environmental, and economic factors within farming systems. Definitions and indicators of sustainability vary widely among practitioners, and indirect and non-tangible factors are difficult to measure. No single evaluation model has been found to serve as an adequate tool for assessing investments in sustainable agriculture. This article describes challenges and issues in sustainable agriculture evaluation and proposes the incorporation of elements of two frameworks: the Program Evaluation (Bennett's Hierarchy) and the Driving Force-State-Response (DSR) models. These models help organize indicators and facilitate evaluation in light of the complexity of sustainability.     

林分结构多样性指标研究综述

生物多样性保护是森林可持续经营一个重要目标。生物多样性指标 ,大致可分为三类 :物种和群落 ,结构 ,过程。物种只是一个不完整的替代指标。本文综述了林分尺度结构多样性指标的研究进展 ,可分为与距离有关的林分结构多样性指标和与距离无关的林分结构多样性指标 ,它们反映林分的树木大小多样性、树木的水平分布格局、树种的空间隔离程度及空间结构的复杂性。文章最后讨论了进一步要研究的问题     

Index‐based analysis of climate change impact on streamflow conditions important for Northern Pike,Chub and Atlantic salmon

Climate change is expected to affect the flow regime, cause loss of habitat, change community composition and behavioural habits of fish. This study assessed the impact of climate change on ecologically relevant streamflow conditions for fish migration and spawning in the Vistula and the Odra river basins. Streamflow simulations obtained with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for the historical period and two future horizons were driven by nine bias‐corrected EURO‐CORDEX Regional Climate Models under two greenhouse gas concentration trajectories. This study identified a subset of Indicators of Hydrological Alteration (IHA) that are relevant for pike, Esox lucius L., chub, Squalius cephalus (L.), and Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. IHA indicators were calculated and compared for different scenarios. An index‐based framework identified that all considered species will be impacted by climate change, with Atlantic salmon facing the largest impact. The model's uncertainty was addressed through an aggregation method that assessed inconsistencies in the model's response.     

Effects of VOCs from leaves of Acer truncatum Bunge and Cedrus deodara on human physiology and psychology

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of volatile compounds emitted by Acer truncatum Bunge and Cedrus deodara on human physiology and psychology. Volatile compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) techniques. Physiological indicators were measured using a multi-channel recording system and a subjective evaluation was conducted using a semantic differential (SD) questionnaire. GC–MS results indicated that the main volatile compounds of A. truncatum Bunge included 3-hexen-1-ol acetate, 3-hexen-1-ol, acetic acid hexyl ester, and the main volatile compounds from C. deodara included β-myrcene, D-limonene, pinene and β-caryophyllene. Physiological results indicated that blood oxygen saturation (BOS) increased 0.42%, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) all reduced, heart rate reduced 5.03%, and the interval of R wave and R wave (RR interval) shortened 5.07% after sniffing volatile compounds from C. deodara. These indicators were not significantly different from controls after sniffing volatile compounds from Acer truncatum. Nearly 50% of respondents reported liking the smell of A. truncatum Bunge and C. deodara, and associated the smell with a natural feeling. Subjects also reported that the smell of C. deodara (relaxing 0.96) made them more relaxed than A. truncatum Bunge (relaxing 0.34).     

Multivariate evaluation by quality indicators of no-tillage system in Argiudolls of rolling pampa (Argentina)

The purpose of this study was to develop operationally important soil quality indicators to evaluate long-term sustainability, at the farm scale, for no-tillage systems in Argiudolls of rolling pampa (Argentina). The soil was classified as series Arroyo Dulce (Typic Argiudoll), a fertile dark, deep and well-drained soil of the hills. Three situations were considered: pristine soil with grass vegetation, grassland soil (also considered as a reference situation); and 15 years no-tillage soils from four production plots. Physical, physico-chemical, chemical and biochemical indicators were considered. Data were analyzed by principal components analysis (PCA) with canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). The first three components explained 90% of the overall variation. For pristine undisturbed soil, the main variables selected by PCA were particulate C, pH, respiration and total organic C, and in the case of grassland they were C stock (mass of C in the 0–10 cm soil horizon), water-soluble C, and % silt. The no-tillage area was separated in different plots according to the degree of erosion with different depths of the A horizon. Clay content and bulk density were the main variables in the less degraded no tillage plots. Cluster analysis was applied to construct an average linkage distance dendrogram.