春制越年蚕种当年检疫家蚕微粒子病的试验初报

为了有利于蚕业生产上及时、有序地供应无毒蚕种,探究了春制越年一代杂交种在冬季浴消之前将滞育卵进行冷藏浸酸处理,对孵化蚁蚕进行家蚕微粒子病检疫的可行性。采用该方法从抽样107个批次越年蚕种样本(7 g/批)冷藏浸酸孵化的蚁蚕中检出7个带毒批次,并且与同批次的母蛾及常规成品卵家蚕微粒子病检疫结果一致。依据试验结果初步认为,应用此方法可以提前数月开展春制越年蚕种成品卵家蚕微粒子病检疫。     

泥鳅规模化人工繁殖和苗种培育技术操作规范

近年来,由于生态环境遭到破坏,泥鳅天然苗种数量已经远远不能满足养殖需要;一定程度上制约了泥鳅产业化发展.本文为泥鳅规模化繁殖提供参考.     

牛早期胚胎体外发育条件的研究

本试验研究了精卵共育时间和培养液等因素对牛早期胚胎体外发育的影响。精卵共育6～12h能显著提高受精卵的囊胚发育率,受精卵的囊胚发育率为23．2％～25．3％,共育时间为24h时,囊胚发育率降低,但精卵共育6h时卵裂率较低;TCM199、mBECMaa、mSOFaa均能支持体外受精卵的发育,其囊胚发育率分别为18％、30．7％和29．2％。试验结果表明：精卵于BM受精液中共育9h后,将其置于添加5％OCS的mBECMaa或mSOFaa中培养,能得到较高的体外生产胚胎的囊胚发育率。     

Methane production potentials of twenty-eight rice soils in China

 Soil CH₄ production potentials were investigated by incubating air-dried soils under anaerobic conditions in the laboratory. Twenty-eight soils from different fields and locations were collected for this study. Soil CH₄ production during a 100-day incubation differed greatly and were significantly correlated with soil organic content (r=0.61, P<0.01). The statistical significance increased when soils were grouped according to soil reduction rates. A significant correlation was also found between CH₄ production and total N content (r=0.64, P<0.01) and between CH₄ production and soil particle sizes of 0.25–0.05 mm (r=0.48, P<0.05). A negative exponential correlation was found between CH₄ production and aerobic soil pH (r=–0.74, P<0.01). The 28 soils were stratified into four groups on the basis of variation in CH₄ production rates which were associated with the soil reduction rate and soil organic content. The faster the Eh of soil fell, the more CH₄ was formed. Adding rice straw to Hangzhou and Beijing soils increased CH₄ production. The increase in CH₄ production was more pronounced in the soil with the lowest organic matter content and slowest reduction rate than in the soil with highest organic matter and fastest reduction rate. Inorganic fertilizer had no significant influence on CH₄ production potentials of either type of soil. Received: 26 November 1997     

武汉市黄陂区青头潜鸭繁殖生态观察初报

2018年4～6月,在武汉市黄陂区境内对青头潜鸭的繁殖行为进行了初步观察,以了解青头潜鸭在该区域的繁殖生境、繁殖行为及繁殖受胁情况等。采用定点观察法观察繁殖前期行为,对2巢青头潜鸭采用录像监控法记录孵化行为及出雏情况。测量了2巢及卵特征参数。发现青头潜鸭4月中旬开始分群,求偶交配,5月初基本完成配对,6月下旬出雏。巢为圆形碗状水面浮巢,巢材主要为草叶及草茎,巢内径(13. 5±7. 78) cm,巢外径(35. 5±6. 36) cm,巢高(21. 5±4. 95) cm,巢深(9. 5±0. 71) cm,窝卵数8～9枚,平均(8. 5±0. 71)枚(n=2);平均卵重(37. 32±4. 82) g,卵长径(50. 94±1. 75) mm,卵短径(37. 32±1. 41) mm(n=17)。孵卵期23～27 d,孵化率为17. 6%。青头潜鸭繁殖受人类活动干扰威胁较为严重,应当加大保护力度。     

不同孵化温度对雏番鸭第二性比及孵化率的影响研究

试验研究孵化前期(1~10d)7个不同温度(36.3~39.3℃)对雏鸭出壳时第二性比(♂∶♀)和受精蛋孵化率的影响结果表明,不同孵化温度出壳的雏番鸭公母性别存在明显差异(P<0.01),且公雏率随温度升高而升高,母雏率随温度升高而下降;孵化前期温度为36.3~37.3℃时出壳雏番鸭公少于母,第二性比介于0.24~0.95;而孵化前期温度为37.8~39.3℃时出壳雏番鸭公多于母,第二性比为1.39~5.38;且只有在温度37.3℃和37.8℃时第二性比与遗传性比(1∶1)无差异(P>0.05),而其他温度时第二性比均表现明显差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。雏番鸭第二性比与孵化前期温度间相关指数R2为0.99,预测误差率为-34.88%~ 14.58%间,说明调控孵化温度可在一定程度上控制雏番鸭第二性比,孵化温度对受精蛋孵化率有明显影响,36.3~37.8℃内孵化率随温度的升高而升高,在37.8~39.3℃内则随温度的升高而降低。     

Comparison of the effect of Cow manure,Vermicompost, and Azolla on safflower growth in a saline-sodic soil

ABSTRACT

Soil salinity and sodicity are two important factors in land degradation, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Application of soil amendments, such as organic matter, can be a suitable method for improving the fertility of saline-sodic soils. In this research, a saline-sodic soil was chosen, mixed with three levels of 1%, 3%, and 5% (weight) of Cow manure, Vermicompost, and Azolla, and incubated for 5 months at field capacity and a temperature of 20°C. Then, safflower seeds were planted and treatments were placed in a greenhouse for two months. After this period, plant indices were measured. The results showed that the addition of treatments caused differences in safflower growth in comparison to the control treatment. The noted differences were mostly negative for the treatment of cow manure, they were negligible for Azolla, and were positive for Vermicompost. Vermicompost applied at 5% level provided the most suitable substrate for safflower growth in saline-sodic soil.     

No051内生真菌次生代谢产物量与培养时间的关系研究

[目的]研究No051内生真菌次生代谢产物量与培养时间的关系。[方法]以从辽宁省西北地区根系土壤中分离得到的No051内生真菌为材料,对其进行液体培养,分别在培养5、9、13、17、21和25 d后进行次生代谢产物干物质量的测定,同时进行高效液相色谱分析。[结果]液体培养9 d为次生代谢产物产生的高峰期;高效液相色谱分析表明该时期产生的次生代谢产物中包含的活性物质较多。[结论]该研究为No051内生真菌次生代谢产物的进一步研究提供了理论依据。     

松口蘑的镇咳、祛痰、平喘作用研究

用动物实验方法，研究松口蘑子实体水溶性提取液治疗支气管炎，咳、痰、喘三种症状的效果及其药理作用。给豚鼠腹腔注射松口蘑子实体水溶性提取液，能非常显著地增大方波刺激迷走神经的引咳阈值；给小白鼠灌胃。能非常显著增加其呼吸道的酚红排泌量；给豚鼠离体气管滴入提取液，对气管有非常显著的扩张效应；该提取液能非常显著地延长豚鼠的引喘潜伏期，对蛙口腔粘膜上皮的纤毛运动有一定的加快作用。松口蘑子实体水溶性提取液有明显的镇咳、祛痰和平喘作用。     

Temperature sensitivity of organic matter decomposition in two boreal forest soil profiles

Controversial conclusions from different studies suggest that the decomposition of old soil organic matter (SOM) is either more, less, or equally temperature sensitive compared to the younger SOM. Based on chemical kinetic theory, the decomposition of more recalcitrant materials should be more temperature sensitive, unless environmental factors limit decomposition. Here, we show results for boreal upland forest soils supporting this hypothesis. We detected differences in the temperature sensitivity 1) between soil layers varying in their decomposition stage and SOM quality, and 2) inside the layers during a 495 day laboratory incubation. Temperature sensitivity increased with increasing soil depth and decreasing SOM quality. In the organic layers, temperature sensitivity of decomposition increased during the early part of a 495 day laboratory incubation, after respiration rate and SOM quality had notably decreased. This indicates that decomposition of recalcitrant compounds was more temperature sensitive than that of the labile ones. Our results imply that Q₁₀ values for total heterotrophic soil respiration determined from short-term laboratory incubations can either underestimate or overestimate the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition, depending on soil layer, initial labile carbon content and temperature range used for the measurements. Using Q₁₀ values that ignore these factors in global climate models provides erroneous estimates on the effects of climate change on soil carbon storage.