牛早期胚胎体外发育条件的研究

本试验研究了精卵共育时间和培养液等因素对牛早期胚胎体外发育的影响。精卵共育6～12h能显著提高受精卵的囊胚发育率,受精卵的囊胚发育率为23．2％～25．3％,共育时间为24h时,囊胚发育率降低,但精卵共育6h时卵裂率较低;TCM199、mBECMaa、mSOFaa均能支持体外受精卵的发育,其囊胚发育率分别为18％、30．7％和29．2％。试验结果表明：精卵于BM受精液中共育9h后,将其置于添加5％OCS的mBECMaa或mSOFaa中培养,能得到较高的体外生产胚胎的囊胚发育率。     

Methane production potentials of twenty-eight rice soils in China

 Soil CH₄ production potentials were investigated by incubating air-dried soils under anaerobic conditions in the laboratory. Twenty-eight soils from different fields and locations were collected for this study. Soil CH₄ production during a 100-day incubation differed greatly and were significantly correlated with soil organic content (r=0.61, P<0.01). The statistical significance increased when soils were grouped according to soil reduction rates. A significant correlation was also found between CH₄ production and total N content (r=0.64, P<0.01) and between CH₄ production and soil particle sizes of 0.25–0.05 mm (r=0.48, P<0.05). A negative exponential correlation was found between CH₄ production and aerobic soil pH (r=–0.74, P<0.01). The 28 soils were stratified into four groups on the basis of variation in CH₄ production rates which were associated with the soil reduction rate and soil organic content. The faster the Eh of soil fell, the more CH₄ was formed. Adding rice straw to Hangzhou and Beijing soils increased CH₄ production. The increase in CH₄ production was more pronounced in the soil with the lowest organic matter content and slowest reduction rate than in the soil with highest organic matter and fastest reduction rate. Inorganic fertilizer had no significant influence on CH₄ production potentials of either type of soil. Received: 26 November 1997     

磷肥施用对红壤有效磷含量和易流失磷含量的影响(英文)

[目的]该研究旨在探讨好气培养条件下,不同磷肥施用量的红壤中,应用Olsen法和Bray-1法测定的土壤有效磷含量及应用CaCl2法测定的土壤易流失磷含量的变化及其相关关系,为红壤区的磷素管理及磷素流失潜力评价提供理论依据。[方法]试验共设6个土样处理,室内好气培养后测定各土样中Olsen-P、Bray-1P和CaCl2-P含量。[结果]随培养时间的延长,施用不同量磷肥的红壤中Olsen-P含量逐渐降低,Bray-1P含量逐渐升高,CaCl2-P含量呈先升高后降低的趋势;CaCl2-P含量与Olsen-P含量和Bray-1P含量均呈线性相关关系;肥料磷进入红壤Bray-1P库的比例高达62%,进入Olsen-P库的比例为14%,进入CaCl2-P库的比例为0.12%。[结论]好气条件下施用磷肥造成红壤磷流失的风险不大,但随施磷量的增加,磷流失潜能仍会升高,且在施磷初期流失潜能最高。     

松口蘑的镇咳、祛痰、平喘作用研究

用动物实验方法，研究松口蘑子实体水溶性提取液治疗支气管炎，咳、痰、喘三种症状的效果及其药理作用。给豚鼠腹腔注射松口蘑子实体水溶性提取液，能非常显著地增大方波刺激迷走神经的引咳阈值；给小白鼠灌胃。能非常显著增加其呼吸道的酚红排泌量；给豚鼠离体气管滴入提取液，对气管有非常显著的扩张效应；该提取液能非常显著地延长豚鼠的引喘潜伏期，对蛙口腔粘膜上皮的纤毛运动有一定的加快作用。松口蘑子实体水溶性提取液有明显的镇咳、祛痰和平喘作用。     

Influence of temperature on mineralization kinetics with a nitrification inhibitor (mixture of dicyandiamide and ammonium thiosulphate)

Summary The influence of temperature on the action of a dicyandiamide nitrification inhibitor was studied during a laboratory incubation after the addition of ammonium sulphate labelled with ¹⁵N. In the control treatment, nitrification was only slightly affected by temperature and was rapid; on the 42nd day, two-thirds of the ¹⁵N was incorporated into the nitrate fraction while no further tracer was found in ammoniacal form. With the addition of dicyandiamide, the process was slowed down considerably when the temperature was maintained at 10°C, and only about 10% of the ¹⁵N was nitrified in 6 months. After 1 month of incubation at 10°C, a temperature increase to 15°C for 4 weeks modified the nitrification kinetics only slightly. However, as soon as the temperature reached 20°C, the beginning of dicyandiamide decomposition and an increase in the quantity of NO ₃ ^- -N was observed. The inhibition was measured by the nitrification index, which was greater than 80% as long as the temperature did not exceed 15°C, and decreased to 10% after 6 months; this value was reached only after 1 year in soil maintained at 10°C. The half-life of the NH ₄ ⁺ was decreased by raising the temperature. In the experimental conditions described, nitrification was inhibited by the dicyandiamide for at least 6 months provided the temperature did not exceed 15°C.     

一株高效解钾菌的筛选、鉴定及发酵条件的优化

为了寻求钾肥替代技术,从江西红壤中筛选到一株解钾效率为27.62%的高效解钾菌株G4,结合菌落形态特征、生理生化特性、16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus sp.);通过单因素试验与正交试验对G4的发酵条件进行优化,结果表明G4的最佳发酵条件为:麦芽糖1%(w/v)、蛋白胨0.2%(w/v)、磷酸氢二钾0.05%(w/v)、培养温度25℃、初始pH7.5、装液量80 ml/250 ml(250 ml三角瓶装液量为80 ml)、培养时间48 h、接种量7%。G4有较强的解钾能力,有望用于微生物肥料的开发。     

温度对考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质浓度的影响

[目的]研究温度在考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质过程中的影响,为准确测定蛋白质浓度提供建议和指导.[方法]通过考马斯亮蓝法测定在不同温度和孵育时间下对已知不同浓度的牛血清蛋白的影响.[结果]在0 ～ 100 mg/ml蛋白质浓度标准曲线测定范围内,室温20℃孵育20～30 min时测定的蛋白质浓度比较稳定.同时蛋白质浓度越高,考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质浓度过程中对各种因素影响的抵御能力越强.[结论]采用考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质浓度时,环境温度、待测样品浓度以及染料与蛋白质孵育时间等是决定实验结果准确性的重要因子.     

No051内生真菌次生代谢产物量与培养时间的关系研究

[目的]研究No051内生真菌次生代谢产物量与培养时间的关系。[方法]以从辽宁省西北地区根系土壤中分离得到的No051内生真菌为材料,对其进行液体培养,分别在培养5、9、13、17、21和25 d后进行次生代谢产物干物质量的测定,同时进行高效液相色谱分析。[结果]液体培养9 d为次生代谢产物产生的高峰期;高效液相色谱分析表明该时期产生的次生代谢产物中包含的活性物质较多。[结论]该研究为No051内生真菌次生代谢产物的进一步研究提供了理论依据。