薰衣草茎段再生体系的建立

以薰衣草带芽茎段为外植体,探讨不同激素种类与水平等因素对其愈伤诱导、不定芽分化、增殖与不定根形成的影响,并筛选了薰衣草试管苗过渡移栽的适宜基质等。试验结果表明:不定芽启动培养以MS+BA1.0~2.0mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂6.5g/L为宜;继代增殖以MS+BA1.0~2.0mg/L+IBA0.25mg/L+GA1.0mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂6.5g/L为宜;不定根分化以White+IBA0.4mg/L+蔗糖20g/L+琼脂6.5g/L或White+NAA0.8mg/L+蔗糖20g/L+琼脂6.5 g/L为宜。     

Effects of glutathione treatments during sperm washing and in vitro fertilization on the in vitro early development of embryos of Japanese Black cattle

This study was conducted to examine the effects of adding glutathione (1 mM) to media used for sperm washing and in vitro fertilization (IVF) on the improvement of early development of embryos produced using cryopreserved spermatozoa of the less IVF-competent bull (the one considered unqualified as spermatozoa supplier for the production of bovine blastocysts using IVF). The cryopreserved spermatozoa of this bull were characterized by normal motility and lower ATP content and blastocyst productivity than those of IVF-competent bulls. The addition of glutathione to the sperm washing medium was more effective in improving the productivity of blastocysts and ATP content than the addition of glutathione to the IVF medium or no glutathione addition at all (control). These results suggest that this simple method may be used to improve the potential of cryopreserved spermatozoa of less IVF-competent bulls to fertilize oocytes in vitro and to induce normal embryonic development after fertilization.     

圆口铜鱼人工繁殖及胚胎发育研究

鉴于金沙江梯级电站开发运行、鱼类栖息地减少、洄游通道受阻、自然繁殖受到影响、早期资源量显著下降、种群生存面临危机的现状,为了保护鱼类种质资源,通过人工增殖放流是补充其资源量的主要补救措施。利用船体网箱原位活水驯养的圆口铜鱼（Coreius guichenoti）亲鱼,开展亲鱼驯养、人工催产和胚胎发育研究。结果表明,圆口铜鱼亲鱼在船体网箱活水驯养条件下,性腺发育成熟,可用于人工催产。2017年6月17~30日,采用二次注射法人工催产3批次,共产卵约12万粒,在水温20.5~21.9 ℃条件下,针距8~10 h,效应时间18~19 h,平均受精率69.3%,出苗约5万尾。圆口铜鱼卵径1.9~2.2 mm,卵膜径6.4~7.2 mm,胚胎发育过程分为受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、器官形成期和出膜期7个阶段,在水温20.5~22.5 ℃,溶氧7 mg/L以上条件下,历时48~62 h出膜。研究结果为圆口铜鱼人工繁殖技术提供了参考,为其规模化人工增殖放流提供了保障。     

狭鳕（Theragra chalcogramma Palas）目标强度的现场测定

１９９３年夏季“北斗”号调查船白令海狭鳕（ＴｈｅｒａｇｒａｃｈａｌｃｏｇｒａｍｍａＰａｌａｓ）资源声学调查期间，利用计数—积分法对狭鳕的目标强度进行了现场测定。结果表明，平均叉长５１６ｃｍ的狭鳕的平均目标强度为－３４３ｄＢ；以常规的２０Ｌｏｇｌ形式表示，其目标强度与叉长的关系式为ＴＳ＝２０Ｌｏｇｌ－６８．６ｄＢ。该测定结果较目前采用的关系式：ＴＳ＝２０Ｌｏｇｌ－６６．０ｄＢ低２６ｄＢ；应用于资源量计算，其估算值将比现估算值高８２％。     

尼罗罗非鱼六个性别相关标记的FISH分析

从尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）BAC基因文库5个克隆中提取和纯化含有6个性别连锁或相关标记（CLC5，GM204，GM271，GM354，UNH995和UNH104）的重组质粒DNA作为模板，以简并核苷酸为引物，通过PCR制备原位杂交探针。探针用荧光素进行标记，并与尼罗罗非鱼中期相染色体进行荧光原位杂交以确定这些标记在尼罗罗非鱼染色体上的位置和分布。结果显示，这些性别连锁或相关标记都位于尼罗罗非鱼第一对染色体长臂近末端，从分子细胞学角度验证了第一对染色体是尼罗罗非鱼的性染色体。另外由于这些标记的荧光信号在XY个体的2条性染色体上都有，一方面说明这些标记在罗非鱼上还不是性别特异的；另一方面也验证了尼罗罗非鱼的性染色体还处于分化的早期阶段。【中国水产科学，2006，13（4）：525—529】     

The maturation of the salmon GnRH system and its regulation by gonadal steroids in masu salmon

Pituitary gonadotropin (GTH) secreting cells and brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secreting neurons are known to be subjected to feedback control by gonadal steroid in teleosts. In masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, salmon GnRH (sGnRH) neurons in the ventral telencephalon (VT) and the preoptic area (POA) are involved in the control of GTH cells because sGnRH synthesis in these areas is activated with gonadal maturation. In this study, we attempted to clarify mechanisms of feedback control of sGnRH neurons by gonadal steroids. We examined the effects of 17-methyltestosterone (MT) on sGnRH synthesis in yearling and 2-year-old female fish (which were immature during experimentation in May), and the effects of castration on sGnRH synthesis in underyearling precocious male fish in August. sGnRH synthesis in the POA, but not in the VT, was increased by MT administration in 2-year-old females only, indicating higher sensitivity to MT in the preoptic sGnRH neurons. Castration increased sGnRH synthesis in the VT but not in the POA. These results suggest that sGnRH neurons in the VT and those in the POA are differentially regulated by gonadal steroids.     

浅议岩土工程勘察中的野外钻探

野外钻探是岩土工程勘察的基础和技术依据，其质量的好坏直接影响到报告的准确性。但在实际操作过程中，野外钻探存在许多问题，应该引起从业人员的足够重视。本文主要介绍野外钻探的任务和内容，并简要分析操作过程中存在的问题。     

体外培育赤眼蜂研究进展

体外培育赤眼蜂的国内外研究已达到相当平：随着人工饲料配方的优化，选用的人工卵壳材料更适合于赤眼蜂的寄生与发，以及人工卵卡机的研制成功和性能不断改进，产业化体外培育赤眼蜂已成为可能。体外培育赤眼蜂的品质管理问题是实现产业化体外培育赤眼蜂的关键。然而，国内外对体外培育赤眼蜂的品质管理研究涉及甚少，有待进一步研究。本文指出应开展体外培育赤眼蜂生物学特性、行为学特性和分子生物学特性的研究，并应用于品质管理，建立体外培育赤眼蜂的品质管理体系，促进实现体外培育赤眼蜂产业化的进程，从而满足农业生产上对赤眼蜂种群的大量需要。另外，人工卵滞育贮存法的突破有助于实现体外培育赤眼蜂的产业化，也应加强研究，最后，本文对体外培育赤眼蜂的应用前景进行了展望。     

猪卵巢卵母细胞的体外成熟和体外受精

将从屠宰母猪卵巢采得的卵母细胞-卵丘细胞复合体(Oocyte-cumulus Cell Complex.OCC)在含PMSG的M199培养40～44小时,卵丘细胞大部分扩散(86.4％)。48.1％(142/295)的卵母细胞排出第一极体(PBI)。将体外成熟的卵母细胞与体外获能精子授精后30～70小时,80.5％(103/128)的卵母细胞受精并可在体外发育到2～8细胞甚至桑椹胚。本文还对裸卵母细胞的体外成熟和体外受精进行了研究,对体外受精卵的早期发育作了观察。实验结果表明:PMSG对诱导卵丘细胞扩散及卵母细胞的全面成熟有重要作用,在OCC中的卵母细胞成熟率高于裸卵母细胞体外授精后8～10小时将受精卵放入改良KRB液培养可使卵裂比例明显提高。     

Sex Determination of Bovine Embryo Biopsies Using in situ Hybridization*

A male specific bovine DNA fragment was used as probe to determine the sex of bovine interphase cells by in situ hybridization. This method also proved useful for determining the sex of bovine embryos.