黄河小北干流浮体泵站拦污设施探索

结合山西省运城市夹马口灌区吴王水源泵站的实际情况，从理论分析入手，提出了导污浮体的实用方案，为黄河流域水源泵站拦污设施提供了一条新的设计思路。     

论农业生态试验站可辐射区域的定界--以长武试验站为例

本文以长武农业生态试验站为例，参照全国综合农业区划结果，以县为基本单位，初选试验站可能代表范围。通过区域特征分析，筛选识别因子；并用层次分析法，对各因子相对重要程度排序。在数据极差标准化基础上，进行Fuzzy识别，逐一计算初选县与长武贴近度。根据择近原则，确认试验站可以代表的范围。     

金沙江乌东德水电站生态调度目标鱼类筛选研究

对乌东德坝下江段鱼类生态调度需求次序进行定量研究,为生态调度目标物种的选择以及生态调度方案制定提供决策依据。采用2008年6月和11月、2009年4月、2011年6月、2012年4-5月、2013年4-5月的金沙江干支流渔获物调查结果,以及2016-2019年金沙江下游流域水生生态监测结果,考虑不同鱼类繁殖对生态水文过程的需求以及数据可得性,构建包含物种濒危系数、遗传价值系数和物种价值系数在内的评价体系,对金沙江乌东德坝址至白鹤滩坝址之间分布的53种土著鱼类进行生态调度需求次序的定量研究。结果表明,处于生态调度需求1级的鱼类有4种,为圆口铜鱼、长鳍吻鮈、中华金沙鳅和齐口裂腹鱼,这些鱼类均属长江上游特有鱼类,也是受水电开发影响较为显著的种类;处于生态调度需求2级的鱼类有14种,包括长江上游特有鱼类11种,这些鱼类产卵繁殖对流水生境均有一定需求;处于生态调度需求3级的鱼类有28种,这些鱼类以广适型种类为主,对水流条件的要求不高;处于生态调度需求4级的鱼类有7种,多为常见的小型鱼类,其产卵繁殖对生境要求不高。评价结果基本反映了乌东德坝下江段鱼类对生态调度的实际需求,考虑到产漂流性卵鱼类和产粘...     

海北州良种燕麦种子生产试验及示范

燕麦（Avena Sativa L.）是广大牧区主要种植的一年生优良饲草料作物,具有营养价值高、适口性好、消化率高的特点,在高寒牧区的冬春补饲中起着十分重要的作用。海北州草原工作站从青海省牧科院草原所引进高产早熟的青引1号、青引2号等良种燕麦,在海拔2800m水热条件较好的地区种植,其种子完全能成熟,且籽粒饱满,籽实产量显著高于当地品种,比当地燕麦增产30%以上。     

拉萨河中下游底栖动物群落结构特征分析

2013年10月,在拉萨河热震藏布-河口中下游河段及支流共设置16个采样断面(拉萨河干流10个、支流4个,雅鲁藏布江汇口2个),对底栖动物进行了调查。样品分析结果表明:拉萨河评价河段干、支流底栖动物共31种,其中环节动物5种,占16.13%;软体动物3种,占9.68%;节肢动物23种,占74.19%。优势种有正颤蚓(Lumbricus tubifex)、四节蜉(Baetidae sp)、多足摇蚊(Polypedilum sp)、隐摇蚊(Cryptochironomus sp)、网石蝇(Perlodidae sp)、钩虾(Gammaridae sp)等。直孔电站影响河段底栖动物现存量较高,密度、生物量平均分别为31 911个/m2、117.65 g/m2。剔除直孔电站影响河段,拉萨河干流底栖动物密度、生物量分别为32个/m2、0.92 g/m2,支流密度、生物量分别为63个/m2、0.78 g/m2。底栖动物Shannon-Wiener指数为0~2.02。直孔电站运行对拉萨河中、下游河段底栖动物整体影响较小;对库区河段底栖动物群落结构影响较大,群落结构由流水型向耐氧、静水型的环节动物、摇蚊转化。     

Landowner Perceptions of Legal Liability for Using Prescribed Fire in the Southern Plains,United States

Suppression of fire in the Southern Plains has led to proliferation of woody plants and fuel load accumulation that spurs wildfires. These effects have led to calls for widespread application of prescribed fire to reduce fuel loads, but there is substantial landowner resistance to the use of this land management tool. Here we explore factors that affect perceptions of landowners in the Southern Plains about prescribed fire liability and their willingness to apply this land management tool. This region was selected for the study because of the preponderance of private landholdings and widespread woody plant encroachment. The study used a mail survey of 1 853 landowners in 16 counties in Texas and Oklahoma, resulting in a data set from 680 respondents (37% useable response rate). Logistic regression models were developed to test three hypotheses relating to the likelihood that a landowner will apply prescribed fire. The study corroborated that landowners who perceived higher levels of fire-related legal liability were less likely to apply prescribed fire on their land or assist with its application on other properties. In addition, burn bans were found to inhibit landowner willingness to apply fire during periods that result in higher woody plant mortality. Oklahoma respondents, landowners who believed prescribed fire to be an affordable woody plant management tool, and members of prescribed burning associations (PBAs) were more likely to use prescribed fire. These results have important implications for policies aimed at overcoming resistance to the use of prescribed fire to curb woody plant encroachment and reduce fuel load accumulation. Specifically, language in state statutes pertaining to prescribed fire should be modified to reduce landowner concerns over legal liability; PBAs should be established more widely; and public cost-sharing funds for woody plant management should prioritize prescribed fire.     

金华站预报方案建模及洪水预报系统研制

随着人类活动的加剧,金华江流域下垫面情况发生了很大变化,原有预报方案很难反映金华站洪水规律。从这一点出发,重新制定金华站洪水预报方案,将重要水利工程考虑到方案中,并在资料选取、预报根据站选择,以及参数率定的过程中充分论证,采用合理的方法消除资料不足、面雨量计算及土壤初值等误差因素对方案的干扰,取得了较为满意的效果。最后,采用组态化的免编程技术,建设金华站洪水预报系统,提高金华站洪水预报服务能力。     

大渡河安谷水电站施工期春、秋季浮游动物群落特征分析

研究安谷水电站施工期浮游动物对水文情势改变、栖息地条件变化等工程影响的响应,为径流式水电工程建设对浮游动物的影响预测评价提供参考,为安谷水电站水生态环境发展或生态修复提供科学依据。2014年春季、秋季对大渡河安谷水电站施工期浮游动物及水环境因子进行调查采样,利用SPSS和Canoco软件进行数据分析。结果表明:大渡河安谷水电站施工期春、秋季共检出浮游动物69属116种,密度平均为619.65个/L、生物量平均0.093 mg/L。左侧河网浮游动物种类、密度和生物量高于干流。浮游动物种类、密度、生物量和多样性指数在季节分布上差异显著,春季明显高于秋季。浮游动物种类、密度、生物量与环境因子硝氮、总氮、磷酸盐、总磷呈显著正相关,与流速呈负相关;RDA结果进一步说明硝氮、磷酸盐、TN、TP是影响浮游动物群落结构的重要环境因子。     

切沟侵蚀研究初探——以云南省文山县新开田村为例

选取了文山县新开田村的典型切沟作为对象,通过测定土壤性质、侵蚀钉及全站仪测量的方法进行研究。结果表明,该地区土壤水保功能较差;在雨季期间,切沟侵蚀程度较大,特别是沟头的溯源侵蚀,在一个雨季内估计能推进1m左右;全站仪测量生成的三维图能有效的表征侵蚀沟的变化。     

Construction of the Turbogenerator Elastic Platform for CPR1000 Nuclear Power Station

Combined with the construction process of turbogenerator elastic platform for Ningde Nuclear Power Station, elaborated the technical difficulties and control measures during high formwork construction, spring vibration isolator installation, high precisi