管网中泵破坏瞬变流的数值模拟

建立了管网中泵破坏瞬变流的数值模拟，该模型考虑了泵破坏无量纲非线性边界条件，运用特征线法对方程进行了求解。经验证，证明模型是可靠的，可用于工程分析计算。     

基于余压控制的液压制动系统性能研究

为了提高液压制动系统的性能,分析了制动效能的影响因素和矿用自卸车液压制动系统的原理。建立了液压制动系统简化模型,并对其关键元件制动踏板阀进行了特性分析。应用AMESim建立了液压制动系统的仿真模型,研究了参数变化对系统性能的影响,提出了余压控制减小制动器作用时间的方法,试验结果验证了仿真分析的正确性和余压控制的可行性,减小了制动器作用时间,缩短了制动距离,使制动性能大大提高。     

WY10液压挖掘机液压系统减少压力损失的措施

对管道的压力损失进行了分析,并在设计液压系统管路时采取了减少能量损失的措施,提高功率利用率,以达到节能的目的。     

新疆阿图什哈拉峻地区地下水系统分析

通过对阿图什哈拉峻地区水文地质特征和地下含水系统各子系统间关系分析,采用系统分解合成方法,将地下水系统分解为北部单一潜水系统和南部上层潜水、下部承压水子系统,在合理耦合各子系统基础上,建立了该地区地下水系统的数学模型。采用有限元方法对该模型进行数值离散,经DevelopStudio编程,利用潜水、承压水模拟与实测结果的比较,在得到该地区地下水系统的水文地质参数的同时,重点研究了各系统间水量交换关系,为地下水系统的合理开采利用提供了理论基础和科学数据。     

甘蓝型油菜三个品质性状的双列杂交分析

用五个甘蓝型油菜亲本材料的双列杂交设计,对含油量、硫甙总量按Hayman分析公式进行了全双列杂交分析,对蛋白质含量按Singh(1981)公式进行了半双列杂交分析。结果表明,三个品质性状都符合加性-显性模型。含油量和硫甙总量均呈部分显性,狭义遗传力分别为59.6%和87.4%,蛋白质含量呈超显性遗传((H./D)～(1/2)=1.58),狭义遗传力为42.4%。     

南方稻区迟熟中籼品种主要经济性状遗传参数估计

应用方差和协方差分析方法对1989年南方区试中籼迟熟组的8个品种的13个性状进行了遗传参数估计,结果表明,参试品种的着粒密度、有效穗和千粒重的遗传基础较丰富,抽穗日数和小区产量的遗传差异则较小;千粒重、着粒密度、穗长和抽穗日数的广义遗传率较高,日产量和小区产量则较低,结实率的遗传变异系数和广义遗传率最低;产量与着粒数的相关较微弱,与有效穗,着粒密度等性状的遗传相关显著,与每穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重的环境相关值较大,有效穗、着粒数和千粒重三个产量构成因素两两之间的三种相关值均为负值,其遗传相关达显著或极显著标准;同一遗传型在不同环境条件中,穗粒数和有效穗与产量的关系较大。     

植保无人飞机喷施叶面肥作业参数对枇杷冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响

为探究植保无人飞机（大疆T30）作业参数对枇杷冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响。本文利用3个因素（作业高度、作业速度、亩用液量）,3因子的正交实验,进行植保无人飞机喷洒枇杷树的喷雾试验。试验结果表明：从雾滴沉积密度、雾滴覆盖率和雾滴穿透性等因素来看,植保无人飞机对枇杷树的最佳作业参数为：作业高度2.0m、作业速度4.5m·s-1、亩用液量2.0L。对雾滴穿透冠层的影响最大的因素是工作高度;在1.5m的作业高度下雾滴沉积穿透性最佳。本研究对指导植保无人飞机枇杷树精准喷施叶面肥具有重要意义。     

基于ICESat-GLAS数据和回波仿真原理识别森林类型

[目的]利用星载激光雷达波形数据对森林类型识别时,受地形、噪声和林层结构等因素影响,针叶林、阔叶林和混交林森林类型识别精度较低,为提高森林类型识别精度,需提取与森林类型相关的波形特征参数.[方法]结合回波仿真原理与林分冠层特征对GLAS回波波形进行理论分析,提出了与森林类型相关的波形特征参数147R-cafit-、K1...     

Physiological and anatomical changes in two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes under drought stress conditions

Understanding the mechanisms of drought resistance in crop species is crucial for the selection and breeding of tolerant rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties. The present study aimed to assess the physiological and anatomical responses of two rapeseed genotypes, P287 (drought-tolerant) and T88 (drought-sensitive) under three intensities of drought stress. All physiological and anatomical parameters related to drought acclimation were significantly altered in both genotypes under stress conditions. At the fourth-leaf stage, the relative water content, chlorophyll content, protein content, malondialdehyde content, and the activities of peroxidase and catalase in P287 were significantly higher than those in T88, particularly under severe drought conditions. After rehydration, all physiological indexes recovered rapidly, especially in P287. In addition, under drought stress, compared with T88, P287 had thicker palisade tissue, thinner spongy tissue, higher ratio of chloroplast length to chloroplast width, higher stomatal density and stomatal closure rate. Overall, the interaction between physiological and anatomical features improved the drought tolerance of P287 under drought stress conditions.     

Effects of sediment load on the abrasion of soil aggregate and hydraulic parameters in experimental overland flow

The breakdown of soil aggregates under rainfall and their abrasion in overland flow are important processes in water erosion due to the production of more fine and transportable particles and, the subsequent significant effect on the erosion intensity. Currently, little is known about the effects of sediment load on the soil aggregate abrasion and the relationship of this abrasion with some related hydraulic parameters. Here, the potential effects of sediment load on soil aggregate abrasion and hydraulic parameters in overland flow were investigated through a series of experiments in a 3.8-m-long hydraulic flume at the slope gradients of 8.7 and 26.8%, unit flow discharges from 2×10~(–3) to 6×10~(–3) m~2 s~(-1), and the sediment concentration from 0 to 110 kg m~(–3). All the aggregates from Ultisols developed Quaternary red clay, Central China. The results indicated that discharge had the most significant(P0.01) effect on the aggregates abrasion with the contributions of 58.76 and 60.34%, followed by sediment feed rate, with contributions of 39.66 and 34.12% at the slope gradients of 8.7 and 26.8%, respectively. The abrasion degree of aggregates was found to increase as a power function of the sediment concentration. Meanwhile, the flow depth, friction factor, and shear stress increased as a power function along with the increase of sediment concentration at different slope gradients and discharges. Reynolds number was obviously affected by sediment concentration and it decreased as sediment concentration increased. The ratio of the residual weight to the initial weight of soil aggregates(Wr/Wi) was found to increase as the linear function with an increasing flow depth(P=0.008) or Reynolds number(P=0.002) in the sediment-laden flow. The Wr/Wi values followed a power function decrease with increasing friction factor or shear stress in the sediment-laden flow, indicating that friction factor is the best hydraulic parameter for prediction of soil aggregate abrasion under different sediment load conditions. The information regarding the soil aggregate abrasion under various sediment load conditions can facilitate soil process-based erosion modeling.