遮光及复光处理对紫叶狼尾草叶色及生理变化的影响

为探寻光照对紫叶狼尾草（Pennisetum setaceum ‘Rubrum’）的叶色及生理变化的影响,以自然光为对照,用透光率为10%的遮阳网对其进行遮光处理,直至新叶成熟完全变绿后,撤去遮阳网用自然光进行复光处理,而后测量各阶段的叶色参数和相关生理指标的动态变化。结果显示,遮光后紫叶狼尾草新叶为绿色,叶色参数L、b值显著增加,a值显著减少;生理指标叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量显著增加,花色素苷、类黄酮、可溶性糖含量和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（phenylalnine ammonialyase,PAL）、查尔酮异构酶（chalcone isomerase,CHI）活性显著减少,PPO多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase,PPO）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase,POD）活性无明显变化。复光处理后,叶色逐渐转紫,叶色参数变化与遮光相反;生理指标变化与遮光后减少或增加的指标呈相反趋势,PPO、POD活性变化不明显。     

Probiotic efficiency of Bacillus sp. in Labeo rohita challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila: assessment of stress profile,haemato‐biochemical parameters and immune responses

Fish are always susceptible to a wide variety of deadly pathogens which cause a huge loss in aquaculture industries. In this investigation, we have demonstrated the in vivo probiotic efficiency of Bacillus sp. MVF1 (GenBank Acc. No. KP256503) in Labeo rohita challenged with pathogenic strain of Aeromonas hydrophila (MTCC 1739). To check the probiotic potential of the selected bacterial strain, fish were divided into four groups: control, D1, D2 and D3. A total of 100 days (70 days probiotic feeding + 71th day sampling and 28 days challenged test + 29th day sampling) of feeding trial was conducted. To establish the probiotic potential of Bacillus sp. MVF1, certain haematological parameters (haemoglobin, total erythrocyte and leucocyte count), serum biochemical parameters (total protein, albumin and globulin), immune parameters (serum lysozyme and total IgM levels) and hepatic stress profile (malondialdehyde production, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity) have been measured. Our results demonstrated that red blood cell number, white blood cell number and haemoglobin content were much higher in D2 group fish compared to other groups and control fish. Similarly, total protein contents, albumin concentration, globulin concentration, lysozyme activity and IgM production were also recorded to be highest in D2 group fish. This finding clearly indicated the probiotic potential of Bacillus sp. MVF1 in L. rohita. Furthermore, our results also demonstrated that 1 × 10⁷ CFU g^?1 feed (D2) provides better immunity compared to 1 × 10⁵ (D1) and 1 × 10⁹ (D3). Due to beneficial effects, the bacterium Bacillus sp. MVF1 might be useful in aquaculture industries to reduce the disease susceptibility.     

不同工艺参数对ESP烟梗膨胀制粒系统加工质量影响研究

[目的]选择适宜的加工参数,提高膨胀梗粒的内在质量。[方法]以甲类配方烟梗为研究对象,研究不同工艺参数对烟梗的膨胀效果和膨胀后梗粒的感官质量的影响。[结果]影响ESP(Especially Stem Puffing)膨胀梗粒膨胀效果和内在质量的关键工艺参数是烟梗含水率、工艺蒸汽压力、工艺蒸汽温度和烟梗加温加压时间。烟梗含水率在11%以下时,梗粒的填充值变化趋缓,膨胀效果较好;工艺蒸汽压力为0.95 MPa时,可满足膨胀需求;工艺蒸汽温度最适宜范围是220～260℃;加温加热时间在12～16 s范围内为宜。综合考虑得出ESP烟梗膨胀制粒系统最适宜的工艺参数为来料烟梗含水率8%～10%,工艺蒸汽压力0.95 MPa,工艺蒸汽温度230℃,加温加压时间16 s,此工艺条件下生产的梗粒填充值为8.09 cm3/g。[结论]采用ESP烟梗膨胀制粒系统生产的梗粒其填充值明显提高,梗粒的色泽较好,内在质量优于正品梗丝和其他样品梗粒。     

Primary Growth Parameters of Three Alfalfa Cultivars Adapted to Highland Climatic Conditions

An irrigated field study was conducted to determine the relative importance and inter‐relationships of growth parameters of three dormant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars grown in the highlands of Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, in 2000–2003. The fast‐growing cultivar Savas had the greatest dry matter (DM) yield at the final sampling date with the greatest mean crop growth rate. In addition to a greater relative growth rate (RGR), this cultivar had more stem branching and greater leaf area in the canopy, which resulted in greater leaf area index (LAI) and greater leaf area duration. Despite the considerable increase in leaf area ratio (LAR: leaf area per unit shoot DM), the reduction in RGR of all cultivars over time was the result of a large decline in net assimilation rate (NAR) due to increasing specific leaf area (SLA). Intracultivar variation in the RGR of alfalfa is mainly determined by NAR and SLA, and both were significantly higher for Savas than the other two cultivars. The relative importance of NAR and SLA to RGR changed due to increasing self‐shading as the LAI of the canopy increased, creating a trade‐off between NAR and SLA.     

上海无居民海岛潮间带沉积物粒径特性研究

利用激光粒度仪对上海无居民岛30个表层沉积物样品进行粒度特征分析,研究区域的6个无居民岛的沉积物类型共有5类,其分布为粉砂在九段沙、东风西沙、黄瓜沙和青草沙;砂在青草沙和顾园沙;粉砂质砂在扁担沙和青草沙;砂质粉砂在青草沙;粘土质粉砂在黄瓜沙。其中粉砂类沉积物分布最广。沉积物呈现分选系数差,偏态均为正偏,窄峰型的特征。由于研究区域处于长江口,丰富的流域来沙,特别是大量的细颗粒泥沙为潮滩的建造提供了充裕的物质来源;而复杂的径流、潮流和风浪的作用,则成为了塑造潮滩的重要动力条件。通过绘制Pejurp三角图式显示,无居民岛样品均处于在Ⅲ、Ⅳ动力区,水动力条件总体上较强,粒径较粗。除顾园沙外由海向岸(由低潮滩到高潮滩),水动力逐渐减弱,沉积物颗粒逐渐变细,砂的含量逐渐减少,粘土和粉砂的含量逐渐增多。研究亮点:对上海无居民岛潮间带沉积物进行了粒径特性的分析,结果显示沉积物分布以粉砂为主,分选性差,正偏,呈窄峰型,通过绘制Pejurp三角图式,表明研究区域总体水动力较强,并根据各无居民岛的环境特征分析其不同的沉积动力环境。     

不含调压室的长引水管道水电站小波动稳定分析

具有长引水管道的中小型水电站,设置调压阀、爆破膜等调压措施后对大波动过渡过程中的内水压力变化和转速上升均能有较好的控制,但对机组的运行稳定性并无改善。通过假定水流为刚性水体,推导长距离输水管道系统理想水轮机下小波动微分方程组系数矩阵及其特征方程系数,根据Routh-Hurwitz稳定性判据,分别讨论了Tw和Ta以及PID调速器参数对小波动稳定域的影响,从而合理整定调速器的参数,保证小波动稳定。     

外源性H2S对氯胺酮全麻大鼠主要生理指标的影响

外源性H₂S在诸多方面对中枢神经系统具有保护性作用,本研究通过预试验确定了外源性H₂S的给药时间和剂量,将48只SD大鼠随机均分为4组,分别为对照组（CP组）、低剂量组（LP组,7 μmol/kg NaHS）、中剂量组（MP组,14 μmol/kg NaHS）、高剂量组（GP组,28 μmol/kg NaHS）。在盐酸氯胺酮麻醉前20 min,3个剂量组分别腹腔注射7、14、28 μmol/kg NaHS,观察外源性H₂S对大鼠体温、心率、呼吸频率、血氧饱和度及血压等生理指标的干预效果。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,3个剂量组体温和血氧饱和度浓度均显著升高（P<0.05）,心率和血压均显著降低（P<0.05）,但呼吸频率呈先减慢后加快趋势,且这些变化呈显著的剂量依赖性。     

施用不同有机肥料对西瓜生长的影响

采用基质槽式栽培的方法,以施用“鸡粪+复合肥”为对照,探讨不同有机肥料对西瓜生长的影响。结果表明“鸡粪+芝麻渣”或“鸡粪+海藻肥”的有机肥料处理在植株长势、产量和可溶性固形物含量方面与有机-无机肥料处理没有显著差异。     

齿轮泵齿轮基本参数的优化设计

在分析齿轮泵各性能指标的基础上，构建了一个多目标离散变量优化设计数学模型，并综合应用约束变尺度法ＣＶＭＯＬ和离散变量复合形法ＭＤＣＰ两种优化方法，解决了求解离散变量最优化问题。通过对引进新产品ＱＣ１６／１７型齿轮动力油泵进行优化后发现：优化结果与泵的实际参数很吻合。