北京油鸡及其开发利用

本文简要介绍了北京油鸡的起源、分布及选育情况，重点描述了该品种的外貌特征、生产性能和利用现状，同时，提出了北京油鸡的开发利用思路。     

诊断桑树黄化型萎缩病的新方法

本文探讨利用瑞氏染色法和旦尼氏染色法诊断桑树黄化型萎缩病的可能性。试验结果表明,用此方法,在病株枝条或主根的横切面上,韧皮部的病原寄生部位被染成兰色或青色,呈阳性反应,健株组织切片的韧皮部则不着色,呈阴性反应。可作为桑黄化型萎缩病病株的实验诊断手段。     

Determination of the oxidative burst chemiluminescent response of avian and murine-derived macrophages versus corresponding cell lines in relation to stimulation with Salmonella serotypes.

In contrast to mammalian systems, avian species lack a resident or harvestable macrophage population in the abdominal exudate. Peritoneal macrophages in the chicken can be elicited if an inflammatory agent such as sephadex is injected. This study examines the kinetics of different macrophage populations, derived by different methods of isolation and from different hosts, with respect to the elicited oxidative burst upon infection with host-adapted Salmonella serotypes.

The nature of the oxidative burst elicited by murine and avian-derived and cell line macrophages was determined after stimulation with phorbol myristate (PMA), zymosan A, and Salmonella serotypes. Both murine and chicken peritoneal macrophages, chicken blood monocytes and corresponding cell lines, J774A.1 and HD-11, were unable to produce a detectable chemiluminescent (CL) response after interaction with Salmonella using the luminescent probe luminol. However, both PMA and zymosan A induced a CL response in all cell types, with PMA eliciting a higher and earlier peak response (pkH) than zymosan A. Lucigenin-enhanced CL in both murine and chicken macrophages was achieved with PMA, zymosan A and Salmonella serotypes. In this case, zymosan A induced higher responses than PMA. In the peritoneal macrophages of both hosts, there were no significant differences in the oxidative burst induced by the different Salmonella serotypes. However, the J774A.1 (murine) cells demonstrated significant differences, with S. enterica serotype Choleraesuis (S. choleraesuis and S. gallinarum producing the highest response. In the HD-11 (chicken) cells, S. choleraesuis and S. dublin elicited the higher CL. With both cell lines, S. abortusovis failed to induce an appreciable CL response.

In these experiments it was demonstrated that oxidative burst was not detectable in monocytes/macrophage populations using luminol, which suggests a link to the lack of a myeloperoxidase system in these cells. Lucigenin-enhanced CL appeared independent from the myeloperoxidase system, indicating production of another oxidative species compared with luminol. No discernable effect of host specificity with regard to Salmonella serotype and respective host was seen in host-derived or cell line macrophages, and cell line macrophages displayed altered functional characteristics with regard to oxidative burst in comparison with their primary counterparts.     

湖南桔园土壤硫素含量及其影响因素研究

为掌握湖南柑桔园土壤硫素含量的丰缺程度、分布规律及影响土壤硫有效性的因素，采取野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法，于2000—2002年对湖南江永、洪江、桃源、石门、衡山等9个县(市)45个柑桔园土壤硫素含量进行了调查测定．结果表明：湖南省柑桔园0—20cm土层有效硫2．5—219．2mg／kg，低于临界值的桔园占15．6％，处于潜在缺硫的占13．3％．0—20，20—40，40—60cm土层有效硫平均含量分别为46．3，84．9，96．0mg/kg，全硫平均含量分别为0．236，0．193，0．181g/k8．有效硫的水平分布以衡山最高、江永最低、其他县(市)居中．柑桔叶片含全硫x^-2．45g/kg，约11％的柑桔园低于临界值．影响土壤有效硫含量主要有土壤全硫、土壤有机质、土壤类型及土壤质地等因素．在缺硫和潜在缺硫的桔园土壤中应重视硫肥的施用，以促进柑桔产量和品质的提高．     

圆叶决明种子粉对肉鸡血脂指标的影响

研究了圆叶决明种子粉对艾维茵（AA）肉鸡血脂指标的影响，并初步探讨了其机理。选取8周龄健康AA鸡240羽，采用单因子试验设计，随机分为2组，每组3次重复，每次重复40羽，对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组日粮为基础日粮添加3g／羽圆叶决明种子粉（120目），试验期30天。观测圆叶决明种子粉对AA鸡生产性能、脂肪沉积指标、血脂指标、转氨酶活性的影响。结果表明：①在肉鸡生产性能方面，对照组和试验组没有显著差异（P〉0．05）；②圆叶决明种子粉具有显著降低脂肪沉积的作用；③圆叶决明种子粉能明显降低肉鸡血清总胆固醇（TCHO）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度酯蛋白含量（LDL—C）（P〈0．05），显著升高血清高密度酯蛋白（HDL—C）含量（P〈0．05）；④通过对肉鸡谷丙转氨酶（AST）、谷草转氨酶（ALT）活性的检测，表明饲喂圆叶决明种子粉对肉鸡肝脏没有损伤作用。     

贵州省鸡淋巴性白血病J亚型血清学调查研究

为了解和掌握鸡淋巴白血病J亚型(ALV -J)在贵州的发生和流行的基本情况,在7个主要养殖地区的35个养鸡生产场共采集1 205份血清样本,采用ALV -J诊断试剂盒进行了ALV -J的ELISA血清学抗体检测.检测及相关流行病学调查结果表明:ALV -J亚群的平均阳性感染率为13.776％,其中肉鸡为20.050％,...     

湖南黑猪RBP4基因与产仔数的相关性分析

以湖南黑猪为研究对象,采用PCR-RFLP技术进行视黄醇结合蛋白4（Retinol-binding proteins 4,RBP4）基因多态性检测,并采用最小二乘分析法分析其对产仔数影响的遗传效应。结果表明：猪群中发现AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,A、B等位基因的频率、多态信息含量、杂合度分别为0.8649、01351、0.3960、0.2337,表明该位点处于中度多态。初产母猪AA型比BB型个体的总产仔数、产活仔数分别多1.66头、1.83头,差异显著（P〈0.05）;经产母猪AA型个体的总产仔数和产活仔数比AB、BB型分别多1.19头、1.48头（P〈0.01）和0.96头、1.22头（P〈0.05）。基因效应分析结果表明,初产、经产母猪在该位点上A等位基因对总产仔数和产活仔数都表现为正效应,各性状分别增加了0.1496头、0.1635头和0.1443头、0.1169头,即A等位基因可能为湖南黑猪繁殖性能的有利等位基因。     

江河源区的生态环境地位初探

为了客观评价江河源区生态环境的重要性,提出了“生态环境地位”的概念,并从区内、青藏高原、黄河与长江流域3方面进行了分析。结果表明,江河源区是青藏高原的重要组成部分,其独特的生态环境是当地生物和居民赖以生存的基础,同时参与青藏高原独特的水文循环及对全球气候和环境的影响;黄河与长江流域的水资源分布受青藏高原的影响,江河源区对黄河流域的贡献主要体现在水量上(48.3%),而对其泥沙及长江流域的水量(1.8%)和泥沙量的输出影响均较小。因此,应正确对待江河源区的生态环境地位,不应夸大局部作用,仍需关注其独特性与变化。     

甘蓝型油菜黄籽高含油量育种资源遗传多样性分析

以2份白菜型油菜为对照,用SRAP标记研究了57份甘蓝型油菜黄籽高油育种资源的遗传关系。在遗传相似系数0.682处,可将59份材料分为3类:两份白菜型油菜聚为一类;甘蓝型油菜除选系Y58单独聚为一类外,其他所有选系归为另一类,显示黄籽高油育种资源遗传基础较窄。在遗传相似性系数0.738处,又可将57份甘蓝型油菜分为6个亚类,其中53份材料归为两个大的亚类,系谱或亲缘关系较近的材料一般聚在同一亚类,且按系谱关系比地理来源划分明显,提示地理来源配制强优势黄籽高油杂交组合可靠性可能不如按系谱来源。     

Serological evidence of USUTU virus occurrence in north-eastern Italy

In the recent years, USUTU virus (USUV), a flavivirus of the Japanese encephalitis virus complex, has been reported in Central Europe. As part of a systematic surveillance programme to monitor possible entrance and/or circulation of vector-borne viruses, since 2001, sentinel-chicken flocks were placed throughout the Italian territory nearby areas considered at risk of virus introduction. They have been periodically checked for the presence of antibodies against flaviviruses by indirect ELISA, plaque reduction neutralization test for USUTU, West Nile and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. In July 2007, a sentinel chicken in a flock of 20 animals located within the Ravenna province seroconverted to USUV reaching neutralizing titres up to 1:5120. A second chicken seroconverted to the same virus 2 months later. Although no virus was rescued from these animals and from wild or farm birds sampled in the area, these results still provided evidence of the circulation of USUV in north-eastern Italy.