一种值得关注的火龙果腐烂病

火龙果腐烂病是一种对我国新兴的火龙果果业潜在风险较高的真菌病害。近年来,我国口岸多次从越南进口的火龙果鲜果中截获该病害。本文介绍了其病原真菌仙人掌平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris cactivora(Petrak)Alcorn)地理分布、寄主范围、经济危害性、症状及病原菌形态特征、形态学鉴定和分子检测方法 ;分析了病原菌的进入风险和定殖与扩散风险,提出了加强口岸植物检疫,严防病原菌传入及病害在国内发生扩散和蔓延等风险管理措施。     

灵芝提取物对人肝癌SMMC─7721细胞DNA合成的影响

本文以人肝癌ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞为材料，对水溶性灵芝提取物（ＥＧＬ）抗癌作用机理进行了研究。结果表明，ＥＧＬ能明显抑制ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞的ＤＮＡ合成：ＥＧＬ在５０ｕｇ／ｍｌ到３００ｕｇ／ｍｌ范围表现出明显的剂量效应；ＥＧＬ最小有效作用剂量为１００ｕｇ／ｍｌ，最大有效作用剂量为３００ｕｇ／ｍｌ。结果提示ＥＧＬ的抗癌机理主要是通过抑制癌细胞ＤＮＡ合成而起作用的。     

国内乡村聚落景观研究综述

摘要：从聚落景观研究入手,对国内乡村聚落景观研究的基础理论、研究内容、研究方法和技术以及综述聚落景观研究的主要流派等进行介绍,指出在研究方法上侧重于定性描述,采用定量分析研究少,没有形成一个很好的古村落景观研究的评价体系。     

江西森林病虫害发生现状、原因及可持续，控制对策探讨

本文从森林病虫害可持续控制的观点出发,分析了江西森林病虫害危害现状,探讨了江西省森林病虫害可持续控制的基本对策和措施。     

增施氮肥和地面管理对酸樱桃园土壤营养状况的影响

在一个连续进行了 ８年Ｎ肥定位试验的酸樱桃园,调查了每年施用 Ｎ６０ ｋｇ· ｈｍ~(－２)和行间生草制对土壤营养状况的影响。结果表明：在肥沃土壤里ＮＨ_４~＋是速效Ｎ的主要存在形式,而ＮＯ_３~－的含量很低。生草地土壤中含有较多的 ＮＨ_４~－,而清耕带土壤中含有较多的 ＮＯ_３~－。施肥增加土壤速效 Ｎ的含量。土壤 ＮＯ_３~－的季节性变化表明 ５至 ６月份土壤中 ＮＯ_３~－的含量高,而花前和 ７月份土壤中 ＮＯ_３~－含量低。 Ｐ、Ｋ在清耕带 １０ ｃｍ以下土壤的含量低于生草地土壤,但在 ０～ １０ｃｍ土层中Ｋ的含量高于生草地。Ｐ的含量不受影响。施Ｎ减少了土壤Ｐ、Ｋ的含量。土壤中Ｍｇ的含量分布均匀,不受施Ｎ和地面管理制度的影响。     

中国水稻害虫治理对策的演变及其展望

本文简要回顾了中国水稻害虫的变迁、相应的对策演变,从中了解、总结害虫发生与人类治虫对策之间的因果渊源,指出只有师法自然、通过生态工程实施生态治理技术才能持续双赢。     

陕北沙区人为因素与沙漠化的定量关系研究

陕北沙区是农林牧工矿交错出现的典型的生态脆弱区,很大程度上代表了中国半干旱、干旱沙区的人类活动与环境相互关系中的许多典型问题,开展该区的沙漠化和人为影响研究具有十分重要的意义。经统计相关回归分析,发现该区人为因素与沙漠化间存在以下定量关系,人口增长幅度、垦殖指数、年均林业产值和年均造林面积各自与沙漠化指数间的线性回归方程分别为:Y=1.0437X-0.2836(R=0.7846)、Y=-0.036X+0.6687(R=-0.8772)、Y=0.0008X-0.2555(R=0.7606)、Y=0.0275X-0.2619(R=0.9398)。这些定量关系反映了人口、耕地和林业因素与沙漠化间的关系,能在一定程度上反映人为因素对沙漠化的影响。     

我国农药禁限用政策实施情况及建议

本文研究了农药禁限用政策历史沿革、颁布实施情况、运行成效以及所面临问题的评价,提出了加强农药管理的意见与建议。     

Allelopathy in crop/weed interactions--an update

Since varietal differences in allelopathy of crops against weeds were discovered in the 1970s, much research has documented the potential that allelopathic crops offer for integrated weed management with substantially reduced herbicide rates. Research groups worldwide have identified several crop species possessing potent allelopathic interference mediated by root exudation of allelochemicals. Rice, wheat, barley and sorghum have attracted most attention. Past research focused on germplasm screening for elite allelopathic cultivars and the identification of the allelochemicals involved. Based on this, traditional breeding efforts were initiated in rice and wheat to breed agronomically acceptable, weed-suppressive cultivars with improved allelopathic interference. Promising suppressive crosses are under investigation. Molecular approaches have elucidated the genetics of allelopathy by QTL mapping which associated the trait in rice and wheat with several chromosomes and suggested the involvement of several allelochemicals. Potentially important compounds that are constitutively secreted from roots have been identified in all crop species under investigation. Biosynthesis and exudation of these metabolites follow a distinct temporal pattern and can be induced by biotic and abiotic factors. The current state of knowledge suggests that allelopathy involves fluctuating mixtures of allelochemicals and their metabolites as regulated by genotype and developmental stage of the producing plant, environment, cultivation and signalling effects, as well as the chemical or microbial turnover of compounds in the rhizosphere. Functional genomics is being applied to identify genes involved in biosynthesis of several identified allelochemicals, providing the potential to improve allelopathy by molecular breeding. The dynamics of crop allelopathy, inducible processes and plant signalling is gaining growing attention; however, future research should also consider allelochemical release mechanisms, persistence, selectivity and modes of action, as well as consequences of improved crop allelopathy on plant physiology, the environment and management strategies. Creation of weed-suppressive cultivars with improved allelopathic interference is still a challenge, but traditional breeding or biotechnology should pave the way.     

西部高校本科双语教学实践的调查与分析——以农业经济管理专业为例

以农业经济管理专业为例,分析了西部高校本科阶段实施双语教学的必要性,调查了大学生对双语教学的认知情况,以及影响双语教学效果的因素、对双语教学过程的要求等问题,据此提出推进西部高校本科双语教学的对策。