黑河流域草地资源保护与建设

黑河流域除绿洲地区外有160万hm2的草地,进行草地分户、围栏封育、人工改良草地;牧户按地定畜、优化牧场、推广良种、改良畜群;按草定牧、实行休牧和轮牧;革新观念、子羔出栏、加速出栏周期、保障牧民增收等措施可保护草地资源,加速草地建设,繁荣牧区经济.     

Linking Land-use, Water Body Type and Water Quality in Southern New Zealand

Land-use and vegetation cover have been linked to the nutrient levels (nitrogen, phosphorus) of surface waters in several countries. However, the links generally relate to streams and rivers, or to specific types of standing water, for example shallow lakes in a geologically defined region. We measured physical variables and nutrient chemistry of 45 water bodies representative of the wide range of lentic wetland environments (swamps, riverine wetlands, estuaries, reservoirs, shallow lakes, deep lakes) in Otago, New Zealand, and related these to catchment variables and land-use in order to assess the potential influence of catchment modification on water quality of these diverse wetlands. Catchment boundaries and land cover were derived from maps using ArcView GIS software. Our predictions that concentrations of nutrients and other components of water quality would correlate positively with the nature and intensity of catchment modification were confirmed in multivariate analyses. Physical and chemical measures were positively related to the extent of modification in the catchment (percentage of the catchment in pasture, planted forest, scrub and urban areas), and negatively related to lack of catchment modification (more of the catchment in bare ground, tussock grassland and indigenous forest). The strong negative correlations between nutrient concentrations, suspended sediment, water colour and the percentage of tussock cover in the catchment imply that increased conversion of the␣native tussock grassland to pastoral farming in␣Otago will increase nutrient concentrations and␣reduce water quality of the diverse lentic ecosystems.     

西藏“一江两河”中部流域河谷沙化草地及其恢复途径探讨

“一江两河”中部流域是西藏沙漠化最为严重的地区之一，草地的沙化对于生态环境的恶化和畜牧业生产造成很大的不利影响。通过对这一地区草地的现状分析，划分了沙化草地类型，并通过示范试验结果分析，探讨了沙化草地恢复的主要措施。     

Effects of light,macronutrients, and sucrose on germination and development of the endangered fern Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Adiantaceae)

Effects of light, macronutrients strength of Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962), and sucrose in the culture medium on spore germination and gametophyte development of the endangered fern Adiantum reniforme var. sinense were investigated. The presence of light was found to be essential for both spore germination and gametophyte growth. Moreover, a medium consisting of 1/4 MS with 15 g/l sucrose was optimal for spore germination and early gametophyte development; whereas, MS medium with 30 g/l sucrose was optimal for further gametophyte development. Increasing amounts of sucrose (45–60 g/l) in the medium delayed gametophyte growth and development. Additionally, sporophyte formation and early growth of gametophytes in a medium consisting of clay and peat (v/v = 1:2) was higher than those in a medium consisting of pure river sand. These findings indicated that requirements for nutrients for spore germination and early gametophyte development of A. reniforme var. sinese were relatively low, but these increased with further gametophyte development, formation and growth of sporophytes.     

乌江流域茶园土壤理化性状对茶叶品质影响的研究

对乌江流域主要茶场茶园土壤理化性状、茶叶生化成份测定结果表明：不同母岩发育的土壤理化性状各不相同，其对应的茶叶品质也不相同。土壤理化性状及茶叶品质优劣依序为硅质黄壤＞砂页岩黄壤＞第四纪粘质黄壤＞小黄泥＞黄棕壤     

塔里木河流域农业化肥投入的环境影响分析

一直以来化肥已成为提高农作物产量的重要的物质投入,然而,由于受施用技术、施用方法、施用时间的影响,化肥施用的很大一部分未被利用而流失到了周围的环境中,化肥施用量越高,流失到环境中的数量越大,对生态环境的污染也越高。本文在分析塔里木河流域化肥施用强度和施用密度的基础上,分析了化肥施用带来的土壤、水、大气等的环境污染,进而探讨了流域农业经济增长与化肥施用残留之间的环境库兹涅茨曲线,以期能引起重视,采取措施,减少化肥污染。     

河流重金属污染研究进展

为了掌握目前河流重金属污染分析研究的现状及存在问题,为今后更加深入地进行河流重金属污染的评价和治理研究做准备,对近20年来的河流重金属污染的主要研究方向和研究内容进行了细致地综述和分析。结论表明河流重金属污染研究空间范围广,测定方法较成熟,但是每种测定方法都有很多的局限性,并且对河流重金属的污染的治理还没有行之有效的成熟方法。最后,提出对已有的河流重金属污染应该加强研究,采用绿色、经济的生物修复技术来进行水环境的恢复。     

伊犁河谷14种野生观赏植物种子活力及休眠破除研究

研究伊犁河谷14种野生观赏植物种子特性,探究其种子保存方法及休眠破除的最佳方案。结果表明,1)低温干藏和超低温干藏处理后,所有种子的活力均有不同程度的下降;2)顶冰花、喜盐鸢尾的种子休眠破除均对赤霉素响应不敏感;马兰、天仙子、菥蓂、团扇荠、花葵、锦葵和欧夏至草在0.1mmol/L赤霉素处理时萌发率最高,而酸模、毒芹、白芷和夏枯草在1mmol/L赤霉素处理下萌发率最高;3)低温干藏和超低温干藏后,顶冰花、白喉乌头、喜盐鸢尾种子休眠对其不响应;低温干藏后,马兰、酸模、花葵、团扇荠、天仙子种子萌发率较高,而超低温干藏后,菥蓂、锦葵、毒芹、白芷、欧夏至草和夏枯草种子萌发率较高。     

湟水河上游大型底栖动物多样性及水体理化因子调查分析

为研究青藏高原农牧交错地带水生生物与环境指标的关系,于2015 年5 月（枯水季）和8 月（丰水季）,调查分析了湟水河上游47 个样点水体的理化指标和大型无脊椎底栖动物。水体物理指标现场采用多参数水质检测仪和FP311 杆式流速仪检测;采集水样带回实验室测定化学指标,总氮和总磷采用过硫酸钾氧化紫外分光光度法测定;NH4 -N含量采用纳氏试剂光度法测定。底栖动物采用索伯网和D形网采集。结果显示：支流各项理化指标数据均优于干流,尤其以浊度、细砂淤泥比例、NH4 -N、TN和TP 最为显著。底栖动物共鉴定出28 科57 属59 种,其中昆虫纲7 目54 种,占所有底栖动物种类的91.5%,个体数4444 头,占所有底栖动物数量的76.4%,甲壳纲、软体动物类、寡毛类等底栖动物个体数占底栖动物总量的23.6%。湟水河上游支流底栖动物平均分类单元数(6.76)基本与干流相当(8.04),对水质敏感的EPT平均分类单元数支流(3.36)也与干流相当(2.48),但干流底栖动物耐污染种类比例明显高于支流,而支流敏感种类比例明显高于干流。从底栖动物群落结构和水体理化指标来看,湟水河上游支流总体优 于干流,其差异源于干流受污染较重。     

安庆沿江湿地自然保护区水系分布与特征研究

安庆沿江湿地位于长江中下流平原,北倚大别山、南临长江,地形复杂,水系发达,河网密布,湖泊众多。笔者根据相关文献、基础地理数据、遥感制图以及实地考察,分析了自然保护区内河流、湖泊分布及其特征,湖泊水域变化规律,从而为该区域的湿地生态系统的利用与保护、山区水土流失、土地资源变化、水环境以及城镇体系分布等相关研究提供科学参考。