籼稻体细胞胚胎发生特异性蛋白质研究

以籼稻Oryza sativa L.subsp. indica品种“广陆矮4号”幼穗和种子为外植体，在含有2，4-D2.0mg/L的MS培养基上，分别形成胚性和非胚性愈伤组织，建立体细胞胚胎发生实验系统。应用Native/SDS双向凝胶电泳分析，结果表明，非胚性愈伤组织分化培养前后均存在一种分子量为45kD的非胚性蛋白质N1，另一种非胚性蛋白质N2（54kD）仅     

余甘子雌雄花空间分布规律研究

余甘子的雌雄花着生在结果枝叶腋内,雌花着生位置一般在1-6叶腋内,着生频率最高的是2~4叶腋,雄花分布在4~12叶腋内。余甘子雌雄花主要分布在一龄结果母枝上。雌花在结果枝分布,最多的扁甘品种平均有5.72朵,最少的是六月白为0.882朵。雌花丛生性强的扁甘、山甘、兰丰、粉甘和秋白具有较高产性状,而六月白则不具有丰产性。扁甘为单个结果枝上雄花最多的品种,平均达221.92;最低的是六月白,雄花数只有14.91。余甘子树龄越高,雌花分布越不均匀。余甘子树冠分为3种类型:半圆形树冠,雌雄花在树冠中的分布比较均衡,有花冠层占总冠层比例达92%,产量最高;扁平形树冠,有花冠层占总冠层比例为62%;倒三角形树冠,冠内雌雄花分布极不均衡,有花冠层占总冠层比例只有41%。     

不同植物生长剂对宁夏枸杞嫩枝扦插成苗的影响

[目的]优化宁夏枸杞嫩枝扦插技术。[方法]在5月底至6月底选择当年生、健壮、无病虫害的嫩枝作扦插穗,以清水处理为对照,研究不同浓度（250、500、750、1 000 mg/L）的植物生长调节剂速浸处理枝插条对宁夏枸杞扦插成活率、株高、平均根数及平均根长的影响。[结果]不同浓度的吲哚丁酸（IBA）、吲哚乙酸（IAA）和萘乙酸（NAA）处理均能显著提高宁夏枸杞嫩枝扦插成活率、株高、平均根数和平均根长,其中不同浓度IBA处理的枝条成活率均高于IAA和NAA处理,750 mg/LIBA处理的枝条成活率、成活枝条的株高、平均生根数、平均根长最长。[结论]不同浓度的植物生长调节剂快速浸蘸插条基部均可提高宁夏枸杞扦插枝条的成活率、株高、平均根数和平均根长,其中750 mg/LIBA处理效果最好。     

不同镉水平对白菜生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

 不同镉(cd)水平对白菜[Brassica campestris L．ssp．chinensis (L．)Makino]两个品种生长及抗氧化酶活性研究结果表明：cd 1 mg·L^-1 对两品种生长(除‘杭州油冬儿’地上部干质量)及叶绿素 含量无显著影响，cd 10 mg·L^-1显著抑制植株生长(除‘沪青1号’根干质量)，减少叶绿素含量。cd可诱导叶片中活性氧0₂^-. 、H₂O₂的产生，引起膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的累积。Cd 1 mg’L 显著增加‘沪青1号’过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及‘杭州油冬儿’抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APx) 活性。cd 10 mg·L 显著降低两品种叶片超氧化物歧化酶( SOD ) 、CAT、APX及‘沪青1号’POD活性， 显著增加脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DR)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性。     

苦瓜对8种蔬菜的化感作用

以8种海南主要栽培的蔬菜为受体,采用室内生测法研究苦瓜(Momordica charantiaL.)茎叶水浸提液对其化感作用。结果表明:苦瓜茎叶水浸提液对8种受体植物的种子萌发和幼苗生长均有一定的化感效应,且化感作用方式和强度在受体间及指标间存在显著差异;化感作用综合效应的平均值大小顺序为:辣椒黄瓜豇豆菜豆萝卜樱桃番茄胡萝卜番茄。试验结果为建立合理的栽培制度提供了理论和试验依据。     

Processing tomato quality as affected by irrigation scheduling

In Southern Italy the paucity of water is a very important problem and due to the fundamental importance of the water for the processing tomato, in this study the influence of irrigation on processing tomato quality was investigated in the years 2002 and 2003. A hybrid processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill cv. Ability) was treated with different water regimes obtained combining amount of water and irrigation interval. The effects of the trials were evaluated taking into account the physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits, as well as the content in antioxidants moieties. Furthermore, the relationship among all the quality parameters and the seasonal amount of irrigation water was evaluated.The results, comparing different water regimes obtained combining amount of water and irrigation interval, gave useful indications on the possibility to improve nutritional tomato quality by reducing irrigation water during tomato cropping. In particular, relatively to the Mediterranean areas of tomato cultivation and to the texture of the soil considered in this study, the best compromise between quality and quantity of the processing tomato fruit was achieved both with the extension of the irrigation interval (L40 or L60) and with the limitation of irrigation volume for the second part of the tomato crop cycle (thesis 100-50). Extending the irrigation interval and limiting irrigation volume for the second part of the tomato crop cycle, appeared to be the best management strategy to optimize the yield and nutritional quality of processing tomato.     

高温胁迫对不同耐热性菜心材料生理特性的差异研究

以4个耐热性存在差异的菜心品种(系)为试材,研究持续高温胁迫对菜心叶片中渗透调节物质、电解质渗漏率、活性氧的产生与清除的影响。结果表明:短期(1d)高温胁迫下,除过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活性在耐热性弱的菜心材料中急剧增加,且达到活力最高值外,其它性状如脯氨酸和甜菜碱含量、电解质渗漏率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、O2.产生速率、H2O2含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)酶活性出现小幅度增加,且这些性状的值在4个菜心材料间差异不大;随着高温胁迫处理时间的延长(3～7d),生理指标在4个材料中呈现不同程度的增加,表现出耐热性强的材料的甜菜碱含量、SOD、POD和CAT酶活性均明显高于耐热性弱的材料,电解质渗漏率、MDA含量、O2.产生速率、H2O2含量则明显低于耐热性弱的材料;而脯氨酸含量的高低则未表现出与菜心耐热性强弱的对应关系。     

Boron Induced Oxidative Stress,Antioxidant Defence Response and Changes in Artemisinin Content in Artemisia annua L.

Boron is an essential plant micronutrient and the range between deficient and toxic levels of boron is narrow for most of the plants. Like other elements, boron becomes toxic to growth at high concentrations. High boron concentrations in soil reduce crop productivity in many areas of the world. The effect of increasing levels of boron (0, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 mm ) on oxidative stress, antioxidant defence response and changes in artemisinin content in Artemisia annua were investigated in the present study. Boron toxicity reduced the growth parameters viz. stem height, fresh weight and dry weight. Treatments induced oxidative stress resulting in lower net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO₂ and total chlorophyll content. The increased activities of antioxidant enzymes like CAT, POX and SOD were also noted in response to increasing levels of boron stress. However, H₂O₂ and artemisinin content were found to be high up to 1.00 mm concentration of boron compared to control, and on applying higher doses, further reduced contents were obtained. Thus, the results suggest that a mild stress of boron can be utilized for enhanced artemisinin production.     

DROUGHT STRESS: Soil Water Availability Alters the Inter‐ and Intra‐Cultivar Competition of Three Spring Wheat Cultivars Bred in Different Eras

Competition for water generates a classic aspect of the tragedy of the commons, the ‘race for fish’, where crops must allocate more resource to acquisition of the limiting resource than is optimal for crop yield allocation. A pot experiment using a simple additive (target–neighbour) design was conducted to examine the above‐ground and below‐ground growth of three spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars when grown alone and in mixtures at three levels of water availability. The effects of competition and water availability were compared by observing patterns of growth, biomass allocation and below‐ground outcomes. Competitive interactions were investigated among cultivars ‘HST’, ‘GY602’ and ‘LC8275’, target plant of each cultivar grown without neighbouring plants are referred to herein as control plant and one target plant of each cultivar sown surrounded either by same or another cultivar as intra‐ or inter‐cultivar competition. Competitive ability was assessed as the response ratio (lnRR) between the target plant surrounded by six other plants and the target plant in isolation. Our results showed that the cultivar ‘HST’, released over a century ago, produced a higher biomass and grain yield than the more recently released cultivars ‘LC8275’ and ‘GY602’ when grown as isolated plants with sufficient water supply. However, competition for resources from neighbours led to target plant biomass and grain yield being significantly reduced relative to controls in all three cultivars, particularly in ‘HST’. When subjected to intra‐cultivar competition, the two recently released cultivars ‘LC8275’ and ‘GY602’ had higher grain yields and water use efficiency for grain than ‘HST’ in all three water regimes. The landrace ‘HST’ had better and significantly linear relationships between biomass and biomass allocation, root length and specific root length, whereas the recent and modern cultivars had much more water‐related species‐specific changes in root morphology and allocation patterns. These results suggest that crop traits that influence competitive ability, such as biomass allocation to roots and root plasticity in response to drought have changed in modern wheat cultivars because of breeding and selection.