鲤IGF-Ⅰ基因2个高度多态微卫星位点的鉴定及其与生长相关性状的关联分析

利用PCR结合测序方法,在鲤(Cyprinus carpio)类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ(insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ,IGF-Ⅰ)基因内含子1和内含子2中各鉴定1个微卫星多态性位点,分别命名为intron1189和intron2310,这两个位点均以4碱基为重复单元.以黑龙江鲤(Cyprinus cario haematopterus,YL)(n=263)、德国镜鲤选育系(Cyprinus carpio L.mirror,JL)(n=229),及荷包红鲤抗寒品系(Cyprinus carpio var.wuyuanensis,HL)(n=255)为研究对象,评估了这两个位点不同基因型(频率＞3％)与鲤4个生长时段(135 d、325 d、335 d和445 d)生长表型的关联.结果显示,2个位点在3个鲤群体中均表现为高度多态(PIC＞0.5).intron1189位点多态性主要对YL的135 d、325 d体长和325 d、385 d体质量有显著影响(P＜0.05),而intron2 310位点多态性对JL各检测时段的体长和体质量均有显著影响(P＜0.05).对不同基因型个体的体长和体质量性状进行多重比较,结果显示,在intron 1189位点,185/229基因型YL的135 d、325 d体长和325 d、385 d体质量最低,而205/221基因型YL的135 d、325 d体长和325 d体质量最高.在mtron2310位点,290/350基因型JL在各检测时段的体长及135 d、325 d、385 d体质量最低,而318/350基因型JL的135 d、325 d、385 d体长和体质量均为最高.上述结果表明,鲤IGF-Ⅰ基因内含子中的这两个高度多态微卫星位点潜在影响鲤的生长性能.     

应用时间序列分析模型对大菱鲆选育F1优良家系发育的动态研究

根据Box-Jenkins建模原理,采用ARIMAR(p,d,q)模型,以大菱鲆选育F1优良家系为研究对象,应用时间序列分析方法对在3～27月龄间不同发育阶段体重的生长速度进行动态模拟,建立各家系的预测模型。结果表明,家系E♂1×E♀2和F♂2×E♀4符合ARIMAR(2,0,0)模型(2个家系的模型都不含常数项),家系F♂4×N♀3、E♂2×F♀1和F♂1×F♀4符合ARIMAR(1,0,0)模型(3个家系的模型都不含常数项),且所建模型的残差均为白噪声。由此预测出27～27.5及27.5～28月龄各家系体重生长速度,经与相应实测数据的验证说明,5个家系各自所建模型在一定程度上能够反映大菱鲆体重生长速度的动态变化过程,对各家系体重生长速度的趋势预测有一定的适用性。通过对每一家系后期生长速度的预测,结合前期生长速度的实测值,综合分析体重生长速度的动态变化,为在大菱鲆选择育种过程中确定最佳选择时间提供理论依据。     

中国和外来杨属种质资源

介绍了中国天然分布和从国外引进的杨属(PopulusL.)种质资源。总结了中国天然分布的杨属种质资源的派别、种类、分布范围和分布特点。在中国杨属5派中,以青杨派(Tacamahaca)种类最多,白杨派(Populus,以前称Leuce)分布最为广泛,黑杨派(Aigeiros)最具经济价值。将中国杨属树种引种历史划分为解放前的零星引种时期、50年代至80年代的以引进国外培育成功的优良品种为主时期和90年代后注重种质资源引进时期三个阶段,介绍了每个阶段的引种特点和引进的种质资源。在过去50年种,中国天然分布的白杨派和引进的黑杨派(Aigeiros)种质资源在中国的杨树栽培和育种中发挥了巨大作用。     

Edwardsiellosis in farmed turbot,Scophthalmus maximus (L.), associated with an unusual variant of Edwardsiella tarda: a clinical,aetiological and histopathological study

During 2005 and 2010, a survey of edwardsiellosis on eight turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), farms was conducted in China. This report presents the detailed results of the study on this disease. Diseased turbot displayed two distinct types of gross signs: black discoloration of the dorsal skin on the posterior portion of the body; and red cutaneous foci on the ventral side. Internally, the most pronounced clinical signs in all fish examined were enlarged kidneys. The causal agent of the disease was finally proved to be one species of bacterium that was identified as Edwardsiella tarda by physiological and biochemical tests, API 32E and 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis. It is noteworthy that unlike the commonly described E. tarda strains, the isolates in this study were non‐motile strains without flagella. A histopathological study revealed that E. tarda infection was systemic in turbot and that kidney showed the most significant pathological changes, including acute focal necrosis, an influx of macrophages and formation of granuloma. The most common histopathological characteristics of this disease are the proliferation of macrophage in various organs and formation of granuloma. In addition, this article also gave background information on the disease and presented the results of virulence tests with the E. tarda strain identified in this study.     

杂交鲶(怀头鲶♀×鲶鱼♂)及其亲本肌肉营养成份分析

对怀头鲶♀×鲶鱼♂杂交F1代和亲本的肌肉中蛋白质、脂肪、水份、氨基酸及其脂肪酸中EPA、DHA含量进行了较全面的分析。结果表明：虽杂交鲶粗蛋白含量（17.28％）略高于亲本怀头鲶（16．78％）、鲶鱼（16．82％）,但粗脂肪含量高于亲本平均含量的4．3倍。EPA、DHA含量也明显超过亲本。3种鱼肌肉中含有18种氨基酸,杂交鲶肌肉中的THR、VAL、MET、IYS、TRY及有鲜味的ASP、GLU、ALA的含量也较突出。     

复合动植物蛋白部分替代鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、体成分及生理生化指标的影响

本研究设计5组等氮等能(粗蛋白为53%,能量为25KJ/g)的实验饲料,以60%的鱼粉饲料组作为对照(D1),豆粕∶花生粕∶鱼溶浆粉∶鸡肉粉(2∶1∶3∶2)的复合蛋白替代40%(D2)、50%(D3)、60%(D4)和70%(D5)的鱼粉,养殖大菱鲆幼鱼(Scophthalmus maximus L.)初始体重(53.0±0.2) g,养殖周期84 d,每天定时(08:00,16:30)投喂2次,投喂量为体重的1.5%～2%。实验结果显示,各处理组之间幼鱼存活率、饲料系数和摄食率均无显著性差异(P0.05);与对照组相比,D4和D5组增重率显著降低(P0.05);肥满度在D2组达到最高值,显著高于D3、D4和D5组(P0.05);脏体比(VSI)、肝体比(HSI)和肠体比(ISI)均在D2组达到最低值,均显著低于D5组(P0.05);复合动植物蛋白替代鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼全鱼水分和粗蛋白含量均无显著影响(P0.05);各替代组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);全鱼灰分含量在D5组显著低于对照组(P0.05);各组间背肌水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分含量均无显著性差异(P0.05);复合动植物蛋白替代鱼粉对鱼体肌肉非必需氨基酸和必需氨基酸总量无显著影响(P0.05);各替代组均显著提高了血清谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性(P0.05);总蛋白浓度在D2组显著高于D4和D5组(P0.05);血糖浓度在D2和D3组显著低于其他3组(P0.05);D3、D4和D5组甘油三酯浓度和高密度脂蛋白浓度均显著低于对照组和D2组(P0.05);各替代组胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白浓度均显著低于对照组(P0.05);各组之间碱性磷酸酶浓度无显著差异(P0.05)。研究结果表明,复合动植物蛋白可有效替代50%鱼粉而不影响大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能和部分生理生化指标。     

Effects of five compound attractants in high plant‐based diets on feed intake and growth performance of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of five attractants on feed intake, growth performance and appetite‐regulating genes expression for juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Fish were fed with seven diets: fish‐meal‐based diet (FM), fermented soybean meal replacing 45% fish meal (FSBM) and other diets with 1% compound attractant A (CA‐A) consisting of amino acids, compound attractant B (CA‐B) consisting of quaternary ammonium bases, compound attractant C (CA‐C) consisting of nucleotides, compound attractant G (CA‐G) consisting of the combination of CA‐A, CA‐B and CA‐C and blue mussel protein hydrolysate (BMH) on the basis of FSBM diet respectively. Daily feed intake in CA‐A group was significantly higher, but that in CA‐B group was significantly lower than FSBM group. Similarly, specific growth rate was significantly enhanced in CA‐A and CA‐G groups and were significantly decreased in CA‐B group. Protein efficiency ratio and protein retention in CA‐B group were significantly lower than FSBM group. Furthermore, BMH supplement increased the mRNA expression of Ghrelin in the intestine of fish. These results showed that CA‐A and CA‐G supplement could enhance growth in plant‐based diets, but CA‐B supplement had the opposite effect, which might be associated with lower feed intake and lower feed utilization.     

平原河网水中悬浮颗粒物对金鱼藻、水网藻的影响

研究了水体悬浮颗粒物对修复植物的影响规律,结果揭示了悬浮颗粒物对水生植物影响的两面性以及修复植物对颗粒物胁迫产生自由基进行清除的适应机制。在正常情况下,金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum dem ersumL)体超氧化物歧化酶活性维持在256~280 U/g(鲜重),过氧化物酶活性维持在80~90 U/g(鲜重)的水平,保证了细胞膜脂质氧化的分子标志物MDA的代谢水平低于65μmol/g(鲜重)。当金鱼藻受到大于300 mg/L颗粒物的高强度胁迫时,其体内这两种抗氧化酶活性不仅没有维持在很高的水平,反而均呈下降趋势,致使金鱼藻体内的MDA平均值可达79μmol/g(鲜重)以上,形成了对细胞膜相对损伤率达35%以上的氧化损伤结果。在高浊度水体中水网藻(Hydrodictyon reticulatum)内比金鱼藻具有更强的适应性,因此水网藻更合适作为先锋修复植物。     

Early stages of Margaritifera margaritifera glochidiosis in Atlantic salmon: Morphopathological characterization

Freshwater mussels of the order Unionida encyst into the fish mucosa to metamorphose and complete their life cycle, causing a parasitic disease known as glochidiosis. This parasitic stage represents a bottleneck for the survival of naiads, particularly for critically endangered species as Margaritifera margaritifera; however, little is known about the events occurring during this critical stage. Therefore, this study aimed to histologically characterize the development of M. margaritifera glochidiosis in Atlantic salmon to get insight into the pathogenesis of this interaction. Fish exposed to glochidia were sampled during the first 44 days post-exposure, and organs were observed by stereomicroscopy and light microscopy. Glochidia attached to the gills by pinching the lamellar epithelium, whereupon an acute proliferative branchitis engulfed most of the larvae. However, during the first 14 days, a severe detachment of unviable glochidia occurred, associated with the presence of pleomorphic inflammatory infiltrate and epithelial degeneration. In the cases where larvae remained attached, a chronification of the lesions with none to scarce inflammation was observed. These results provide key information to better understand the complex host–parasite interaction during the early stages of glochidiosis and provide valuable information to optimize artificial rearing of naiads in conservation of threatened freshwater mussel populations.     

播娘蒿甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因的克隆和表达分析

采用RT-PCR技术克隆了播娘蒿的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因全长cDNA序列(DsBADH)。DsBADHcD-NA序列全长1653bp,其中开放阅读框长1503bp,编码一个由501个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质,推测的蛋白质相对分子质量为54kD,pI为5.5。序列比对结果表明DsBADH与其它物种的BADHs无论在核酸水平还是在蛋白质水平上都表现较高的同源性,表明BADH基因家族具有较高的保守性。DsBADH基因的氨基酸序列在进化上与同属十字花科植物BADH基因距离较近。蛋白质序列存在一个编码十肽的高度保守序列,该结构在醛脱氢酶中是高度保守的,这些残基可能包含NAD 结合位点及酶催化位点,而且含有与酶功能有关的醛脱氢酶高度保守的氨基酸残基Cys,表明DsBADH可编码活性蛋白。N端存在信号肽,初步将该酶定位于叶绿体。半定量RT-PCR分析表明,DsBADH在根、茎、叶以及角果中均表达,但在角果中的表达显著高于其它组织,而且表明DsBADH受盐诱导正调节表达。